San Giovanni XXIII, papa

Onorato
11 ottobre
Grado
memoria facoltativa
Stato
Santo
Nascita
25 novembre 1881
Morte
3 giugno 1963
Onorato come

Pastors · For a Pope

Magistero
Pontificato
Conosciuto anche come

Pope John XXIII · Saint John XXIII · Pope Saint John XXIII · Angelo Josef Roncalli · Ioannes PP. XXIII · Giovanni XXIII · Papa Giovanni ventitreesimo · Giovanni ventitreesimo · San Giovanni XXIII · Sanctus Ioannes PP. XXIII · Papa Giovanni XXIII · Jean XXIII · Ioannes XXIII · Juan XXIII

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In evidenza
  • In 1925 Pius XI named him Apostolic Visitor to Bulgaria and raised him to the episcopate with the titular see of Areopolis.
  • In his five-year pontificate he appeared to the world as the authentic image of the Good Shepherd—meek and gentle, enterprising and courageous, simple and active.

Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli was born at Sotto il Monte, in the diocese and province of Bergamo, on 25 November 1881, and baptized the same day. Fourth of thirteen children of Giovanni Battista Roncalli and Marianna Mazzola, he grew up in a patriarchal family of modest means and solid Christian faith, sharecroppers of the Lombard countryside. Under the parish priest Don Francesco Rebuzzini he received an indelible ecclesiastical imprint that would sustain him in trials and animate his apostolic works.

After Confirmation and First Communion in 1889, he entered the Seminary of Bergamo in 1892 for classical and philosophical studies. At fourteen he began the spiritual notes later gathered as the Journal of a Soul, and he practiced assiduous spiritual direction. On 1 March 1896 his seminary spiritual father admitted him to the Secular Franciscan Order; he professed the Rule on 23 May 1897. From 1901 to 1905 he studied at the Pontifical Roman Seminary on a diocesan scholarship, interrupting his formation for a year of military service. He was ordained priest in Rome on 10 August 1904 (Causes of Saints also notes 1 August) in the church of Santa Maria in Monte Santo at Piazza del Popolo.

In 1905 he became secretary to the new Bishop of Bergamo, Giacomo Maria Radini Tedeschi. Until 1914 he accompanied the bishop on pastoral visitation, collaborated in the diocesan synod, the monthly La vita diocesana, pilgrimages, and social works, taught history, patrology, and apologetics in the seminary, and was entrusted with the women's section of Catholic Action. He preached diligently and wrote for the Catholic press of Bergamo. Those years deepened his encounter with holy pastors—Saint Charles Borromeo (whose Acts of the 1575 apostolic visitation of Bergamo he would publish), Saint Francis de Sales, and the then Blessed Gregory Barbarigo—and formed him in a broad pastoral spirit lived day by day beside Bishop Radini Tedeschi. After the bishop's death in 1914 he continued as seminary teacher and in associative pastoral care.

When Italy entered the First World War in 1915 he was recalled as a sergeant in the medical corps; the following year he became a military chaplain in rear-area hospitals and coordinator of the spiritual and moral care of soldiers. After the war he opened a "House of the Student" for student pastoral care and in 1919 was named spiritual director of the seminary.

In 1921 a new chapter began in the service of the Holy See. Called to Rome by Benedict XV as president for Italy of the Central Council of the Pontifical Society for the Propagation of the Faith, he visited many Italian dioceses organizing missionary circles. In 1925 Pius XI named him Apostolic Visitor to Bulgaria and raised him to the episcopate with the titular see of Areopolis. He chose as his episcopal motto Oboedientia et pax—"Obedience and peace"—a program that accompanied him always. Ordained bishop in Rome on 19 March 1925, he reached Sofia on 25 April. Later first Apostolic Delegate, he remained in Bulgaria until 1934, visiting Catholic communities, weaving respectful relations with other Christians, and showing charitable solicitude during the earthquake of 1928. He suffered in silence misunderstandings and the difficulties of a ministry of small steps, refining his confidence and abandonment in Jesus Crucified.

On 27 November 1935 he was named Apostolic Delegate in Turkey and Greece. In the young Turkish Republic he exercised an intense ministry toward Catholics and a style of respect and dialogue with the Orthodox and Muslim worlds. At the outbreak of the Second World War he was present in Greece devastated by fighting; he sought news of prisoners of war and helped save many Jews by means of transit visas of the Apostolic Delegation. On 20 December 1944 Pius XII named him Apostolic Nuncio in Paris. In the last months of war and the first of peace he aided prisoners, worked for the normalization of the ecclesiastical situation in France, visited shrines, and observed with prudent trust the new pastoral initiatives of the French episcopate and clergy. He was always inspired by the simplicity of the Gospel even within complex diplomacy, sustained by the desire to be a priest in every situation and by sincere piety that became prolonged prayer and meditation each day.

On 12 January 1953 he was created cardinal and on the 15th (or 25th, according to sources) promoted Patriarch of Venice. He rejoiced to devote the last years before the papacy to the direct care of souls, the desire that had always accompanied him since becoming a priest. He was a wise and enterprising pastor after the example of the holy pastors he venerated—Saint Lawrence Justinian, first Patriarch of Venice, and Saint Pius X. As age advanced, his confidence in the Lord increased within active, joyful pastoral labor.

At the death of Pius XII he was elected pope on 28 October 1958 and took the name John XXIII. In his five-year pontificate he appeared to the world as the authentic image of the Good Shepherd—meek and gentle, enterprising and courageous, simple and active. He performed the Christian works of corporal and spiritual mercy, visiting prisoners and the sick, receiving people of every nation and faith, and exercising toward all an exquisite sense of fatherhood. His social teaching is contained especially in the encyclicals Mater et Magistra (1961) and Pacem in Terris (1963). He convened the Roman Synod, instituted the commission for the revision of the Code of Canon Law, and called the Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, whose first session opened on 11 October 1962—the date now kept as his feast. As Bishop of Rome he visited parishes of the historic center and the periphery. The people saw in him a ray of evangelical kindness and called him "the Pope of goodness." Sustained by a deep spirit of prayer, he radiated the peace of one who always trusts in the Lord. He set out firmly on the paths of evangelization, ecumenism, and dialogue with all, with a father's concern to reach his most afflicted brothers and sisters.

Diagnosed with stomach cancer, he did not live to see the Council completed. He died on the evening of 3 June 1963, the day after Pentecost, in a profound spirit of abandonment to Jesus and desire for his embrace, surrounded by the prayer of the world that seemed gathered around him to breathe with him in the love of the Father. Beatified by Pope John Paul II on 3 September 2000 in Saint Peter's Square during the Great Jubilee, he was canonized by Pope Francis on 27 April 2014 and is still affectionately known as il Papa buono, the Good Pope.

May Saint John XXIII obtain for us a heart of evangelical kindness, and let us practice today the obedience and peace that made his life a living Gospel.

Fonte: Causes of Saints Anche elencato Wikidata Cause dei Santi GCatholic

Calendario Romano Generale · Liturgical Calendar API

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