Magisterium

The papal document directory — encyclicals, bulls, exhortations, and constitutions — with the ecumenical councils and the popes.

Documents Councils Popes

21st century

Leo XIV

8 May 2025–present Pope 267

Elected 8 May 2025. First pope from the United States; Order of Saint Augustine.
Francis

2013–2025 Pope 266

First Jesuit and Latin American pope; synodality and care for the poor.
Benedict XVI

2005–2013 Pope 265

20th century

John Paul I

1978 Pope 263
John Paul II

1978–2005 Pope 264
Paul VI

1963–1978 Pope 262
John XXIII

1958–1963 Pope 261
Pius XII

1939–1958 Pope 260
Pius XI

1922–1939 Pope 259
Benedict XV

1914–1922 Pope 258
Pius X

1903–1914 Pope 257

19th century

Leo XIII

1878–1903 Pope 256
Pius IX

1846–1878 Pope 255
Gregory XVI

1831–1846 Pope 254
Pius VIII

1829–1830 Pope 253
Leo XII

1823–1829 Pope 252

18th century

Pius VII

1800–1823 Pope 251
Pius VI

1775–1799 Pope 250
Clement XIV

1769–1774 Pope 249
Clement XIII

1758–1769 Pope 248
Benedict XIV

1740–1758 Pope 247
Clement XII

1730–1740 Pope 246
Benedict XIII

1724–1730 Pope 245
Innocent XIII

1721–1724 Pope 244

17th century

Clement XI

1700–1721 Pope 243
Innocent XII

1691–1700 Pope 242
Alexander VIII

1689–1691 Pope 241
Innocent XI

1676–1689 Pope 240
Clement X

1670–1676 Pope 239
Clement IX

1667–1669 Pope 238
Alexander VII

1655–1667 Pope 237
Innocent X

1644–1655 Pope 236
Urban VIII

1623–1644 Pope 235
Gregory XV

1621–1623 Pope 234
Leo XI

1605 Pope 232
Paul V

1605–1621 Pope 233

16th century

Clement VIII

1592–1605 Pope 231
Innocent IX

1591 Pope 230
Gregory XIV

1590–1591 Pope 229
Urban VII

1590 Pope 228
Sixtus V

1585–1590 Pope 227
Gregory XIII

1572–1585 Pope 226
Pius V

1566–1572 Pope 225
Pius IV

1560–1565 Pope 224
Marcellus II

1555 Pope 222
Paul IV

1555–1559 Pope 223
Julius III

1550–1555 Pope 221
Paul III

1534–1549 Pope 220
Clement VII

1523–1534 Pope 219
Adrian VI

1522–1523 Pope 218
Leo X

1513–1521 Pope 217
Julius II

1503–1513 Pope 216
Pius III

1503 Pope 215

15th century

Alexander VI

1492–1503 Pope 214
Innocent VIII

1484–1492 Pope 213
Sixtus IV

1471–1484 Pope 212
Paul II

1464–1471 Pope 211
Pius II

1458–1464 Pope 210
Callixtus III

1455–1458 Pope 209
Nicholas V

1447–1455 Pope 208
Felix V

1439–1449 Antipope

Antipope · Lausanne. Last major historical antipope.
Eugene IV

1431–1447 Pope 207
Benedict XIV

1430–1437 Antipope

Antipope · Avignon line. Another claimant using the same name in the disputed line.
Benedict XIV

1424–1429 Antipope

Antipope · Avignon line. Avignon claimant; disputed line.
Clement VIII

1423–1429 Antipope

Antipope · Avignon line. Avignon claimant after Benedict XIII.
Martin V

1417–1431 Pope 206
John XXIII

1410–1415 Antipope

Antipope · Pisa line. Pisan claimant; reclassified as antipope.
Alexander V

1409–1410 Antipope

Antipope · Pisa line. Pisan claimant; reclassified as antipope.
Gregory XII

1406–1415 Pope 205
Innocent VII

1404–1406 Pope 204

14th century

Benedict XIII

1394–1423 Antipope

Antipope · Avignon line. Avignon claimant during the Western Schism.
Boniface IX

1389–1404 Pope 203
Clement VII

1378–1394 Antipope

Antipope · Avignon line. Avignon claimant during the Western Schism.
Urban VI

1378–1389 Pope 202
Gregory XI

1371–1378 Pope 201
Urban V

1362–1370 Pope 200
Innocent VI

1353–1362 Pope 199
Clement VI

1342–1352 Pope 198
Benedict XII

1335–1342 Pope 197
Nicholas V

1328–1330 Antipope

Antipope · Rome. In opposition to John XXII.
John XXII

1316–1334 Pope 196
Clement V

1305–1314 Pope 195
Benedict XI

1303–1304 Pope 194

13th century

Boniface VIII

1295–1303 Pope 193
Celestine V

1294 Pope 192
Nicholas IV

1288–1292 Pope 191
Honorius IV

1285–1287 Pope 190
Martin IV

1281–1285 Pope 189
Nicholas III

1277–1280 Pope 188
Adrian V

1276 Pope 186
Innocent V

1276 Pope 185
John XXI

1276–1277 Pope 187
Gregory X

1271–1276 Pope 184
Clement IV

1265–1268 Pope 183
Urban IV

1261–1264 Pope 182
Alexander IV

1254–1261 Pope 181
Innocent IV

1243–1254 Pope 180
Celestine IV

1241 Pope 179
Gregory IX

1227–1241 Pope 178
Honorius III

1216–1227 Pope 177

12th century

Innocent III

1198–1216 Pope 176
Celestine III

1191–1198 Pope 175
Clement III

1188–1191 Pope 174
Gregory VIII

1187 Pope 173
Urban III

1185–1187 Pope 172
Lucius III

1181–1185 Pope 171
Innocent III

1179–1180 Antipope

Antipope · Rome. In opposition to Alexander III; not the later canonical Innocent III.
Callixtus III

1168–1178 Antipope

Antipope · Rome. In opposition to Alexander III; not the later canonical Callixtus III.
Paschal III

1164–1168 Antipope

Antipope · Rome. In opposition to Alexander III.
Alexander III

1159–1181 Pope 170
Victor IV

1159–1164 Antipope

Antipope · Rome. Imperial antipope in opposition to Alexander III.
Adrian IV

1154–1159 Pope 169
Anastasius IV

1153–1154 Pope 168
Eugene III

1145–1153 Pope 167
Lucius II

1144–1145 Pope 166
Celestine II

1143–1144 Pope 165
Victor IV

1138 Antipope

Antipope · Rome. Successor in the Anacletus line.
Anacletus II

1130–1138 Antipope

Antipope · Rome. In opposition to Innocent II.
Innocent II

1130–1143 Pope 164
Honorius II

1125–1130 Pope 163
Celestine II

1124 Antipope

Antipope · Rome. Claimant after Callixtus II; not the later canonical Celestine II.
Callixtus II

1119–1124 Pope 162
Gelasius II

1118–1119 Pope 161
Gregory VIII

1118–1121 Antipope

Antipope · Rome. In opposition to Gelasius II and Callixtus II.
Sylvester IV

1105–1111 Antipope

Antipope · Rome. In opposition to Paschal II.
Adalbert

1101 Antipope

Antipope · Rome. In the Clement III line.

11th century

Theodoric

1100–1101 Antipope

Antipope · Rome. In the Clement III line.
Paschal II

1099–1118 Pope 160
Urban II

1088–1099 Pope 159
Victor III

1086–1087 Pope 158
Clement III

1080–1100 Antipope

Antipope · Rome. Antipope Guibert; in opposition to Gregory VII and successors.
Gregory VII

1073–1085 Pope 157
Alexander II

1061–1073 Pope 156
Honorius II

1061–1072 Antipope

Antipope · Rome. Antipope Cadalus; in opposition to Alexander II.
Nicholas II

1059–1061 Pope 155
Benedict X

1058–1059 Antipope

Antipope · Rome. Excluded from canonical list and modeled here as antipope.
Stephen IX

1057–1058 Pope 154
Victor II

1055–1057 Pope 153
Leo IX

1049–1054 Pope 152
Damasus II

1048 Pope 151
Benedict IX

1047–1048 Pope 150
Clement II

1047 Pope 149
Benedict IX

1045 Pope 147
Gregory VI

1045–1047 Pope 148
Sylvester III

1045 Pope 146
Benedict IX

1032–1044 Pope 145
John XIX

1024–1032 Pope 144
Benedict VIII

1012–1024 Pope 143
Gregory VI

1012 Antipope

Antipope · Rome. In opposition to Benedict VIII; not the later canonical Gregory VI.
Sergius IV

1009–1012 Pope 142
John XVII

1003 Pope 140
John XVIII

1003–1009 Pope 141

10th century

Sylvester II

999–1003 Pope 139
John XVI

997–998 Antipope

Antipope · Rome. Antipope whose numbering affected later John numbering.
Gregory V

996–999 Pope 138
John XV

985–996 Pope 137
Boniface VII

984–985 Antipope

Antipope · Rome. Antipope whose numbering affected later Boniface numbering.
John XIV

983–984 Pope 136
Benedict VII

974–983 Pope 135
Boniface VII

974 Antipope

Antipope · Rome. Antipope whose numbering affected later Boniface numbering.
Benedict VI

973–974 Pope 134
John XIII

965–972 Pope 133
Benedict V

964 Pope 132
Leo VIII

964–965 Pope 131
John XII

955–964 Pope 130
Agapetus II

946–955 Pope 129
Marinus II

942–946 Pope 128
Stephen VIII

939–942 Pope 127
Leo VII

936–939 Pope 126
John XI

931–935 Pope 125
Stephen VII

929–931 Pope 124
Leo VI

928 Pope 123
John X

914–928 Pope 122
Lando

913–914 Pope 121
Anastasius III

911–913 Pope 120
Sergius III

904–911 Pope 119
Christopher

903–904 Antipope

Antipope · Rome. Formerly treated by some lists as pope; removed from the official succession.
Leo V

903–904 Pope 118

9th century

Benedict IV

900–903 Pope 117
John IX

898–900 Pope 116
Romanus

897 Pope 114
Theodore II

897 Pope 115
Boniface VI

896 Pope 112
Stephen VI

896–897 Pope 113
Formosus

891–896 Pope 111
Stephen V

885–891 Pope 110
Adrian III

884–885 Pope 109
Marinus I

882–884 Pope 108
John VIII

872–882 Pope 107
Adrian II

867–872 Pope 106
Nicholas I

858–867 Pope 105
Anastasius Bibliothecarius

855 Antipope

Antipope · Rome. In opposition to Benedict III.
Benedict III

855–858 Pope 104
Leo IV

847–855 Pope 103
John VIII

844 Antipope

Antipope · Rome. Claimant against Sergius II; not the later canonical John VIII.
Sergius II

844–847 Pope 102
Gregory IV

827–844 Pope 101
Valentine

827 Pope 100
Eugene II

824–827 Pope 99
Paschal I

817–824 Pope 98
Stephen IV

816–817 Pope 97

8th century

Leo III

796–816 Pope 96
Adrian I

772–795 Pope 95
Philip

768 Antipope

Antipope · Rome. Claimant installed briefly during the same crisis.
Stephen III

768–772 Pope 94
Constantine II

767–768 Antipope

Antipope · Rome. In opposition before Stephen III.
Paul I

757–767 Pope 93
Stephen II

752–757 Pope 92
Zachary

741–752 Pope 91
Gregory III

731–741 Pope 90
Gregory II

715–731 Pope 89
Constantine

708–715 Pope 88
Sisinnius

708 Pope 87
John VII

705–707 Pope 86
John VI

701–705 Pope 85

7th century

Paschal

687 Antipope

Antipope · Rome. Claimant during the disputed election after Conon.
Sergius I

687–701 Pope 84
Theodore

687 Antipope

Antipope · Rome. Claimant during the disputed election after Conon.
Conon

686–687 Pope 83
John V

685–686 Pope 82
Benedict II

684–685 Pope 81
Leo II

682–683 Pope 80
Agatho

678–681 Pope 79
Donus

676–678 Pope 78
Adeodatus II

672–676 Pope 77
Vitalian

657–672 Pope 76
Eugene I

656–657 Pope 75
Martin I

649–655 Pope 74
Theodore I

642–649 Pope 73
John IV

640–642 Pope 72
Severinus

640 Pope 71
Honorius I

625–638 Pope 70
Boniface V

619–625 Pope 69
Adeodatus I

615–618 Pope 68
Boniface IV

608–615 Pope 67
Boniface III

607 Pope 66
Sabinian

604–606 Pope 65

6th century

Gregory I

590–604 Pope 64

Pastoral care, Gregorian chant tradition, mission to the English.
Pelagius II

579–590 Pope 63
Benedict I

575–579 Pope 62
John III

561–574 Pope 61
Pelagius I

556–561 Pope 60
Vigilius

537–555 Pope 59
Silverius

536–537 Pope 58
Agapetus I

535–536 Pope 57
John II

533–535 Pope 56
Boniface II

530–532 Pope 55
Dioscorus

530 Antipope

Antipope · Rome. In opposition to Boniface II.
Felix IV

526–530 Pope 54
John I

523–526 Pope 53
Hormisdas

514–523 Pope 52

5th century

Laurence

498–506 Antipope

Antipope · Rome. In opposition to Symmachus.
Symmachus

498–514 Pope 51
Anastasius II

496–498 Pope 50
Gelasius I

492–496 Pope 49
Felix III

483–492 Pope 48
Simplicius

468–483 Pope 47
Hilarius

461–468 Pope 46
Leo I

440–461 Pope 45

Tome of Leo shapes Chalcedon; meets Attila; strengthens the Roman See.
Sixtus III

432–440 Pope 44
Celestine I

422–432 Pope 43
Boniface I

418–422 Pope 42
Eulalius

418–419 Antipope

Antipope · Rome. In opposition to Boniface I.
Zosimus

417–418 Pope 41
Innocent I

402–417 Pope 40

4th century

Anastasius I

399–401 Pope 39
Siricius

384–399 Pope 38
Damasus I

366–384 Pope 37
Ursicinus

366–367 Antipope

Antipope · Rome. In opposition to Damasus I.
Felix II

355–365 Antipope

Antipope · Rome. Often treated historically as an antipope.
Liberius

352–366 Pope 36
Julius I

337–352 Pope 35
Mark

336 Pope 34
Sylvester I

314–336 Pope 33
Miltiades

311–314 Pope 32
Eusebius

309 Pope 31
Marcellus I

308–309 Pope 30

3rd century

Marcellinus

296–304 Pope 29
Caius

283–296 Pope 28
Eutychian

275–283 Pope 27
Felix I

269–274 Pope 26
Dionysius

259–268 Pope 25
Sixtus II

257–258 Pope 24
Stephen I

254–257 Pope 23
Lucius I

253–254 Pope 22
Cornelius

251–253 Pope 21
Novatian

251–258 Antipope

Antipope · Rome. Founder of Novatianism; in opposition to Cornelius and successors.
Fabian

236–250 Pope 20
Anterus

235–236 Pope 19
Pontian

230–235 Pope 18
Urban I

222–230 Pope 17
Callixtus I

218–222 Pope 16
Hippolytus

217–235 Antipope

Antipope · Rome. In opposition to Callixtus I, Urban I, and Pontian; later reconciled.

2nd century

Natalius

199–200 Antipope

Antipope · Rome. In opposition to Zephyrinus; later reconciled.
Zephyrinus

199–217 Pope 15
Victor I

189–199 Pope 14
Eleuterus

175–189 Pope 13
Soter

168–174 Pope 12
Anicetus

150–160 Pope 11
Pius I

140–154 Pope 10
Hyginus

138–140 Pope 9
Telesphorus

126–130 Pope 8
Sixtus I

115–120 Pope 7
Alexander I

107–110 Pope 6

1st century

Evaristus

99–105 Pope 5
Clement I

88–99 Pope 4
Anacletus

79–92 Pope 3
Linus

67–79 Pope 2
Peter

33–67 Pope 1

First among the Apostles; martyred in Rome under Nero.

Magisterium

Leo XIV 2025– · 8

Francis 2013–2025 · 87

Benedict XVI 2005–2013 · 45

John Paul II 1978–2005 · 86

Paul VI 1963–1978 · 46

John XXIII 1958–1963 · 13

Pius XII 1939–1958 · 63

Pius XI 1922–1939 · 32

Benedict XV 1914–1922 · 14

Pius X 1903–1914 · 25

Leo XIII 1878–1903 · 92

Pius IX 1846–1878 · 40

Gregory XVI 1831–1846 · 10

Pius VIII 1829–1830 · 1

Leo XII 1823–1829 · 4

Pius VII 1800–1823 · 1

Pius VI 1775–1799 · 5

Clement XIV 1769–1774 · 3

Clement XIII 1758–1769 · 6

Benedict XIV 1740–1758 · 44

Clement XII 1730–1740 · 1

Innocent XI 1676–1689 · 1

Alexander VII 1655–1667 · 1

Clement VIII 1592–1605 · 1

Sixtus V 1585–1590 · 1

Gregory XIII 1572–1585 · 1

Pius V 1566–1572 · 4

Paul III 1534–1549 · 2

Leo X 1513–1521 · 1

Alexander VI 1492–1503 · 1

Sixtus IV ?, ? 1

Nicholas V 1447–1455 · 1

Eugene IV 1431–1447 · 1

John XXII 1316–1334 · 3

Clement V 1305–1314 · 1

Boniface VIII 1295–1303 · 1

Nicholas IV 1288–1292 · 1

Nicholas III 1277–1280 · 1

Gregory X 1271–1276 · 1

Alexander IV 1254–1261 · 4

Innocent IV 1243–1254 · 1

Gregory IX 1227–1241 · 1

Honorious III 1

Benedict XII 1335–1342 · 1

Clement XI 1700–1721 · 1

First Council of Nicaea 325 · Nicaea · 1

First Council of Constantinople 381 · Constantinople · 1

Council of Ephesus 431 · Ephesus · 1

Council of Chalcedon 451 · Chalcedon · 1

Second Council of Constantinople 553 · Constantinople · 1

Third Council of Constantinople 680–681 · Constantinople · 1

Second Council of Nicaea 787 · Nicaea · 1

Fourth Council of Constantinople 869–870 · Constantinople · 1

First Lateran Council 1123 · Rome · 1

Second Lateran Council 1139 · Rome · 1

Third Lateran Council 1179 · Rome · 1

Fourth Lateran Council 1215 · Rome · 1

First Council of Lyons 1245 · Lyons · 1

Second Council of Lyons 1274 · Lyons · 1

Council of Vienne 1311–1312 · Vienne · 1

Council of Constance 1414–1418 · Constance · 1

Council of Florence 1431–1445 · Florence · 1

Fifth Lateran Council 1512–1517 · Rome · 1

Council of Trent 1545–1563 · Trent · 25

First Vatican Council 1869–1870 · Vatican · 2

Second Vatican Council 1962–1965 · Vatican · 16

Council of Jerusalem c. 50 · Jerusalem

21st century

20th century

19th century

18th century

17th century

16th century

15th century

14th century