Magisterium

Index documentorum pontificiorum — encyclicae, bullae, adhortationes, constitutiones — cum conciliis oecumenicis et pontificibus.

Ante-Nicaeni Post-Nicaeni Doctores Sancti Magisterium Auctores Collectiones Varia Sententiae Encyclopaedia

Documenta Concilia Pontifices

Saeculum XXI

Leo XIV

8 May 2025–present Pontifex 267

Elected 8 May 2025. First pope from the United States; Order of Saint Augustine.
Francis

2013–2025 Pontifex 266

First Jesuit and Latin American pope; synodality and care for the poor.
Benedict XVI

2005–2013 Pontifex 265

Saeculum XX

John Paul I

1978 Pontifex 263
John Paul II

1978–2005 Pontifex 264
Paul VI

1963–1978 Pontifex 262
John XXIII

1958–1963 Pontifex 261
Pius XII

1939–1958 Pontifex 260
Pius XI

1922–1939 Pontifex 259
Benedict XV

1914–1922 Pontifex 258
Pius X

1903–1914 Pontifex 257

Saeculum XIX

Leo XIII

1878–1903 Pontifex 256
Pius IX

1846–1878 Pontifex 255
Gregory XVI

1831–1846 Pontifex 254
Pius VIII

1829–1830 Pontifex 253
Leo XII

1823–1829 Pontifex 252

Saeculum XVIII

Pius VII

1800–1823 Pontifex 251
Pius VI

1775–1799 Pontifex 250
Clement XIV

1769–1774 Pontifex 249
Clement XIII

1758–1769 Pontifex 248
Benedict XIV

1740–1758 Pontifex 247
Clement XII

1730–1740 Pontifex 246
Benedict XIII

1724–1730 Pontifex 245
Innocent XIII

1721–1724 Pontifex 244

Saeculum XVII

Clement XI

1700–1721 Pontifex 243
Innocent XII

1691–1700 Pontifex 242
Alexander VIII

1689–1691 Pontifex 241
Innocent XI

1676–1689 Pontifex 240
Clement X

1670–1676 Pontifex 239
Clement IX

1667–1669 Pontifex 238
Alexander VII

1655–1667 Pontifex 237
Innocent X

1644–1655 Pontifex 236
Urban VIII

1623–1644 Pontifex 235
Gregory XV

1621–1623 Pontifex 234
Leo XI

1605 Pontifex 232
Paul V

1605–1621 Pontifex 233

Saeculum XVI

Clement VIII

1592–1605 Pontifex 231
Innocent IX

1591 Pontifex 230
Gregory XIV

1590–1591 Pontifex 229
Urban VII

1590 Pontifex 228
Sixtus V

1585–1590 Pontifex 227
Gregory XIII

1572–1585 Pontifex 226
Pius V

1566–1572 Pontifex 225
Pius IV

1560–1565 Pontifex 224
Marcellus II

1555 Pontifex 222
Paul IV

1555–1559 Pontifex 223
Julius III

1550–1555 Pontifex 221
Paul III

1534–1549 Pontifex 220
Clement VII

1523–1534 Pontifex 219
Adrian VI

1522–1523 Pontifex 218
Leo X

1513–1521 Pontifex 217
Julius II

1503–1513 Pontifex 216
Pius III

1503 Pontifex 215

Saeculum XV

Alexander VI

1492–1503 Pontifex 214
Innocent VIII

1484–1492 Pontifex 213
Sixtus IV

1471–1484 Pontifex 212
Paul II

1464–1471 Pontifex 211
Pius II

1458–1464 Pontifex 210
Callixtus III

1455–1458 Pontifex 209
Nicholas V

1447–1455 Pontifex 208
Felix V

1439–1449 Antipapa

Antipope · Lausanne. Last major historical antipope.
Eugene IV

1431–1447 Pontifex 207
Benedict XIV

1430–1437 Antipapa

Antipope · Avignon line. Another claimant using the same name in the disputed line.
Benedict XIV

1424–1429 Antipapa

Antipope · Avignon line. Avignon claimant; disputed line.
Clement VIII

1423–1429 Antipapa

Antipope · Avignon line. Avignon claimant after Benedict XIII.
Martin V

1417–1431 Pontifex 206
John XXIII

1410–1415 Antipapa

Antipope · Pisa line. Pisan claimant; reclassified as antipope.
Alexander V

1409–1410 Antipapa

Antipope · Pisa line. Pisan claimant; reclassified as antipope.
Gregory XII

1406–1415 Pontifex 205
Innocent VII

1404–1406 Pontifex 204

Saeculum XIV

Benedict XIII

1394–1423 Antipapa

Antipope · Avignon line. Avignon claimant during the Western Schism.
Boniface IX

1389–1404 Pontifex 203
Clement VII

1378–1394 Antipapa

Antipope · Avignon line. Avignon claimant during the Western Schism.
Urban VI

1378–1389 Pontifex 202
Gregory XI

1371–1378 Pontifex 201
Urban V

1362–1370 Pontifex 200
Innocent VI

1353–1362 Pontifex 199
Clement VI

1342–1352 Pontifex 198
Benedict XII

1335–1342 Pontifex 197
Nicholas V

1328–1330 Antipapa

Antipope · Rome. In opposition to John XXII.
John XXII

1316–1334 Pontifex 196
Clement V

1305–1314 Pontifex 195
Benedict XI

1303–1304 Pontifex 194

Saeculum XIII

Boniface VIII

1295–1303 Pontifex 193
Celestine V

1294 Pontifex 192
Nicholas IV

1288–1292 Pontifex 191
Honorius IV

1285–1287 Pontifex 190
Martin IV

1281–1285 Pontifex 189
Nicholas III

1277–1280 Pontifex 188
Adrian V

1276 Pontifex 186
Innocent V

1276 Pontifex 185
John XXI

1276–1277 Pontifex 187
Gregory X

1271–1276 Pontifex 184
Clement IV

1265–1268 Pontifex 183
Urban IV

1261–1264 Pontifex 182
Alexander IV

1254–1261 Pontifex 181
Innocent IV

1243–1254 Pontifex 180
Celestine IV

1241 Pontifex 179
Gregory IX

1227–1241 Pontifex 178
Honorius III

1216–1227 Pontifex 177

Saeculum XII

Innocent III

1198–1216 Pontifex 176
Celestine III

1191–1198 Pontifex 175
Clement III

1188–1191 Pontifex 174
Gregory VIII

1187 Pontifex 173
Urban III

1185–1187 Pontifex 172
Lucius III

1181–1185 Pontifex 171
Innocent III

1179–1180 Antipapa

Antipope · Rome. In opposition to Alexander III; not the later canonical Innocent III.
Callixtus III

1168–1178 Antipapa

Antipope · Rome. In opposition to Alexander III; not the later canonical Callixtus III.
Paschal III

1164–1168 Antipapa

Antipope · Rome. In opposition to Alexander III.
Alexander III

1159–1181 Pontifex 170
Victor IV

1159–1164 Antipapa

Antipope · Rome. Imperial antipope in opposition to Alexander III.
Adrian IV

1154–1159 Pontifex 169
Anastasius IV

1153–1154 Pontifex 168
Eugene III

1145–1153 Pontifex 167
Lucius II

1144–1145 Pontifex 166
Celestine II

1143–1144 Pontifex 165
Victor IV

1138 Antipapa

Antipope · Rome. Successor in the Anacletus line.
Anacletus II

1130–1138 Antipapa

Antipope · Rome. In opposition to Innocent II.
Innocent II

1130–1143 Pontifex 164
Honorius II

1125–1130 Pontifex 163
Celestine II

1124 Antipapa

Antipope · Rome. Claimant after Callixtus II; not the later canonical Celestine II.
Callixtus II

1119–1124 Pontifex 162
Gelasius II

1118–1119 Pontifex 161
Gregory VIII

1118–1121 Antipapa

Antipope · Rome. In opposition to Gelasius II and Callixtus II.
Sylvester IV

1105–1111 Antipapa

Antipope · Rome. In opposition to Paschal II.
Adalbert

1101 Antipapa

Antipope · Rome. In the Clement III line.

Saeculum XI

Theodoric

1100–1101 Antipapa

Antipope · Rome. In the Clement III line.
Paschal II

1099–1118 Pontifex 160
Urban II

1088–1099 Pontifex 159
Victor III

1086–1087 Pontifex 158
Clement III

1080–1100 Antipapa

Antipope · Rome. Antipope Guibert; in opposition to Gregory VII and successors.
Gregory VII

1073–1085 Pontifex 157
Alexander II

1061–1073 Pontifex 156
Honorius II

1061–1072 Antipapa

Antipope · Rome. Antipope Cadalus; in opposition to Alexander II.
Nicholas II

1059–1061 Pontifex 155
Benedict X

1058–1059 Antipapa

Antipope · Rome. Excluded from canonical list and modeled here as antipope.
Stephen IX

1057–1058 Pontifex 154
Victor II

1055–1057 Pontifex 153
Leo IX

1049–1054 Pontifex 152
Damasus II

1048 Pontifex 151
Benedict IX

1047–1048 Pontifex 150
Clement II

1047 Pontifex 149
Benedict IX

1045 Pontifex 147
Gregory VI

1045–1047 Pontifex 148
Sylvester III

1045 Pontifex 146
Benedict IX

1032–1044 Pontifex 145
John XIX

1024–1032 Pontifex 144
Benedict VIII

1012–1024 Pontifex 143
Gregory VI

1012 Antipapa

Antipope · Rome. In opposition to Benedict VIII; not the later canonical Gregory VI.
Sergius IV

1009–1012 Pontifex 142
John XVII

1003 Pontifex 140
John XVIII

1003–1009 Pontifex 141

Saeculum X

Sylvester II

999–1003 Pontifex 139
John XVI

997–998 Antipapa

Antipope · Rome. Antipope whose numbering affected later John numbering.
Gregory V

996–999 Pontifex 138
John XV

985–996 Pontifex 137
Boniface VII

984–985 Antipapa

Antipope · Rome. Antipope whose numbering affected later Boniface numbering.
John XIV

983–984 Pontifex 136
Benedict VII

974–983 Pontifex 135
Boniface VII

974 Antipapa

Antipope · Rome. Antipope whose numbering affected later Boniface numbering.
Benedict VI

973–974 Pontifex 134
John XIII

965–972 Pontifex 133
Benedict V

964 Pontifex 132
Leo VIII

964–965 Pontifex 131
John XII

955–964 Pontifex 130
Agapetus II

946–955 Pontifex 129
Marinus II

942–946 Pontifex 128
Stephen VIII

939–942 Pontifex 127
Leo VII

936–939 Pontifex 126
John XI

931–935 Pontifex 125
Stephen VII

929–931 Pontifex 124
Leo VI

928 Pontifex 123
John X

914–928 Pontifex 122
Lando

913–914 Pontifex 121
Anastasius III

911–913 Pontifex 120
Sergius III

904–911 Pontifex 119
Christopher

903–904 Antipapa

Antipope · Rome. Formerly treated by some lists as pope; removed from the official succession.
Leo V

903–904 Pontifex 118

Saeculum IX

Benedict IV

900–903 Pontifex 117
John IX

898–900 Pontifex 116
Romanus

897 Pontifex 114
Theodore II

897 Pontifex 115
Boniface VI

896 Pontifex 112
Stephen VI

896–897 Pontifex 113
Formosus

891–896 Pontifex 111
Stephen V

885–891 Pontifex 110
Adrian III

884–885 Pontifex 109
Marinus I

882–884 Pontifex 108
John VIII

872–882 Pontifex 107
Adrian II

867–872 Pontifex 106
Nicholas I

858–867 Pontifex 105
Anastasius Bibliothecarius

855 Antipapa

Antipope · Rome. In opposition to Benedict III.
Benedict III

855–858 Pontifex 104
Leo IV

847–855 Pontifex 103
John VIII

844 Antipapa

Antipope · Rome. Claimant against Sergius II; not the later canonical John VIII.
Sergius II

844–847 Pontifex 102
Gregory IV

827–844 Pontifex 101
Valentine

827 Pontifex 100
Eugene II

824–827 Pontifex 99
Paschal I

817–824 Pontifex 98
Stephen IV

816–817 Pontifex 97

Saeculum VIII

Leo III

796–816 Pontifex 96
Adrian I

772–795 Pontifex 95
Philip

768 Antipapa

Antipope · Rome. Claimant installed briefly during the same crisis.
Stephen III

768–772 Pontifex 94
Constantine II

767–768 Antipapa

Antipope · Rome. In opposition before Stephen III.
Paul I

757–767 Pontifex 93
Stephen II

752–757 Pontifex 92
Zachary

741–752 Pontifex 91
Gregory III

731–741 Pontifex 90
Gregory II

715–731 Pontifex 89
Constantine

708–715 Pontifex 88
Sisinnius

708 Pontifex 87
John VII

705–707 Pontifex 86
John VI

701–705 Pontifex 85

Saeculum VII

Paschal

687 Antipapa

Antipope · Rome. Claimant during the disputed election after Conon.
Sergius I

687–701 Pontifex 84
Theodore

687 Antipapa

Antipope · Rome. Claimant during the disputed election after Conon.
Conon

686–687 Pontifex 83
John V

685–686 Pontifex 82
Benedict II

684–685 Pontifex 81
Leo II

682–683 Pontifex 80
Agatho

678–681 Pontifex 79
Donus

676–678 Pontifex 78
Adeodatus II

672–676 Pontifex 77
Vitalian

657–672 Pontifex 76
Eugene I

656–657 Pontifex 75
Martin I

649–655 Pontifex 74
Theodore I

642–649 Pontifex 73
John IV

640–642 Pontifex 72
Severinus

640 Pontifex 71
Honorius I

625–638 Pontifex 70
Boniface V

619–625 Pontifex 69
Adeodatus I

615–618 Pontifex 68
Boniface IV

608–615 Pontifex 67
Boniface III

607 Pontifex 66
Sabinian

604–606 Pontifex 65

Saeculum VI

Gregory I

590–604 Pontifex 64

Pastoral care, Gregorian chant tradition, mission to the English.
Pelagius II

579–590 Pontifex 63
Benedict I

575–579 Pontifex 62
John III

561–574 Pontifex 61
Pelagius I

556–561 Pontifex 60
Vigilius

537–555 Pontifex 59
Silverius

536–537 Pontifex 58
Agapetus I

535–536 Pontifex 57
John II

533–535 Pontifex 56
Boniface II

530–532 Pontifex 55
Dioscorus

530 Antipapa

Antipope · Rome. In opposition to Boniface II.
Felix IV

526–530 Pontifex 54
John I

523–526 Pontifex 53
Hormisdas

514–523 Pontifex 52

Saeculum V

Laurence

498–506 Antipapa

Antipope · Rome. In opposition to Symmachus.
Symmachus

498–514 Pontifex 51
Anastasius II

496–498 Pontifex 50
Gelasius I

492–496 Pontifex 49
Felix III

483–492 Pontifex 48
Simplicius

468–483 Pontifex 47
Hilarius

461–468 Pontifex 46
Leo I

440–461 Pontifex 45

Tome of Leo shapes Chalcedon; meets Attila; strengthens the Roman See.
Sixtus III

432–440 Pontifex 44
Celestine I

422–432 Pontifex 43
Boniface I

418–422 Pontifex 42
Eulalius

418–419 Antipapa

Antipope · Rome. In opposition to Boniface I.
Zosimus

417–418 Pontifex 41
Innocent I

402–417 Pontifex 40

Saeculum IV

Anastasius I

399–401 Pontifex 39
Siricius

384–399 Pontifex 38
Damasus I

366–384 Pontifex 37
Ursicinus

366–367 Antipapa

Antipope · Rome. In opposition to Damasus I.
Felix II

355–365 Antipapa

Antipope · Rome. Often treated historically as an antipope.
Liberius

352–366 Pontifex 36
Julius I

337–352 Pontifex 35
Mark

336 Pontifex 34
Sylvester I

314–336 Pontifex 33
Miltiades

311–314 Pontifex 32
Eusebius

309 Pontifex 31
Marcellus I

308–309 Pontifex 30

Saeculum III

Marcellinus

296–304 Pontifex 29
Caius

283–296 Pontifex 28
Eutychian

275–283 Pontifex 27
Felix I

269–274 Pontifex 26
Dionysius

259–268 Pontifex 25
Sixtus II

257–258 Pontifex 24
Stephen I

254–257 Pontifex 23
Lucius I

253–254 Pontifex 22
Cornelius

251–253 Pontifex 21
Novatian

251–258 Antipapa

Antipope · Rome. Founder of Novatianism; in opposition to Cornelius and successors.
Fabian

236–250 Pontifex 20
Anterus

235–236 Pontifex 19
Pontian

230–235 Pontifex 18
Urban I

222–230 Pontifex 17
Callixtus I

218–222 Pontifex 16
Hippolytus

217–235 Antipapa

Antipope · Rome. In opposition to Callixtus I, Urban I, and Pontian; later reconciled.

Saeculum II

Natalius

199–200 Antipapa

Antipope · Rome. In opposition to Zephyrinus; later reconciled.
Zephyrinus

199–217 Pontifex 15
Victor I

189–199 Pontifex 14
Eleuterus

175–189 Pontifex 13
Soter

168–174 Pontifex 12
Anicetus

150–160 Pontifex 11
Pius I

140–154 Pontifex 10
Hyginus

138–140 Pontifex 9
Telesphorus

126–130 Pontifex 8
Sixtus I

115–120 Pontifex 7
Alexander I

107–110 Pontifex 6

Saeculum I

Evaristus

99–105 Pontifex 5
Clement I

88–99 Pontifex 4
Anacletus

79–92 Pontifex 3
Linus

67–79 Pontifex 2
Peter

33–67 Pontifex 1

First among the Apostles; martyred in Rome under Nero.

Investigatio (HCF)

Magisterium

Leo XIV 2025– · 8

Francis 2013–2025 · 87

Benedict XVI 2005–2013 · 45

John Paul II 1978–2005 · 86

Paul VI 1963–1978 · 46

John XXIII 1958–1963 · 13

Pius XII 1939–1958 · 63

Pius XI 1922–1939 · 32

Benedict XV 1914–1922 · 14

Pius X 1903–1914 · 25

Leo XIII 1878–1903 · 92

Pius IX 1846–1878 · 40

Gregory XVI 1831–1846 · 10

Pius VIII 1829–1830 · 1

Leo XII 1823–1829 · 4

Pius VII 1800–1823 · 1

Pius VI 1775–1799 · 5

Clement XIV 1769–1774 · 3

Clement XIII 1758–1769 · 6

Benedict XIV 1740–1758 · 44

Clement XII 1730–1740 · 1

Innocent XI 1676–1689 · 1

Alexander VII 1655–1667 · 1

Clement VIII 1592–1605 · 1

Sixtus V 1585–1590 · 1

Gregory XIII 1572–1585 · 1

Pius V 1566–1572 · 4

Paul III 1534–1549 · 2

Leo X 1513–1521 · 1

Alexander VI 1492–1503 · 1

Sixtus IV ?, ? 1

Nicholas V 1447–1455 · 1

Eugene IV 1431–1447 · 1

John XXII 1316–1334 · 3

Clement V 1305–1314 · 1

Boniface VIII 1295–1303 · 1

Nicholas IV 1288–1292 · 1

Nicholas III 1277–1280 · 1

Gregory X 1271–1276 · 1

Alexander IV 1254–1261 · 4

Innocent IV 1243–1254 · 1

Gregory IX 1227–1241 · 1

Honorious III 1

Benedict XII 1335–1342 · 1

Clement XI 1700–1721 · 1

First Council of Nicaea 325 · Nicaea · 1

First Council of Constantinople 381 · Constantinople · 1

Council of Ephesus 431 · Ephesus · 1

Council of Chalcedon 451 · Chalcedon · 1

Second Council of Constantinople 553 · Constantinople · 1

Third Council of Constantinople 680–681 · Constantinople · 1

Second Council of Nicaea 787 · Nicaea · 1

Fourth Council of Constantinople 869–870 · Constantinople · 1

First Lateran Council 1123 · Rome · 1

Second Lateran Council 1139 · Rome · 1

Third Lateran Council 1179 · Rome · 1

Fourth Lateran Council 1215 · Rome · 1

First Council of Lyons 1245 · Lyons · 1

Second Council of Lyons 1274 · Lyons · 1

Council of Vienne 1311–1312 · Vienne · 1

Council of Constance 1414–1418 · Constance · 1

Council of Florence 1431–1445 · Florence · 1

Fifth Lateran Council 1512–1517 · Rome · 1

Council of Trent 1545–1563 · Trent · 25

First Vatican Council 1869–1870 · Vatican · 2

Second Vatican Council 1962–1965 · Vatican · 16

Council of Jerusalem c. 50 · Jerusalem

Saeculum XXI

Saeculum XX

Saeculum XIX

Saeculum XVIII

Saeculum XVII

Saeculum XVI

Saeculum XV

Saeculum XIV