Libros de los Padres de la Iglesia, Doctores, Santos, Autores notables

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• Eadmer

  Precentor of Canterbury and historian

• Eanbald I

  The first Archbishop of York by that name

• Eanbald II

  Date of birth unknown; died 810 or 812

• Easter

  Includes information on the feast and customs

• Easter Controversy

  The dispute regarding the proper time of observing Easter

• Eastern Churches

  Eastern Churches depended originally on the Eastern Empire at Constantinople

• Eastern Schism

  From the time of Diotrephes (III John 1:9-10) there have been continual schisms, of which the greater number were in the East

• Easterwine

  Abbot of Wearmouth, nephew of St. Benedict Biscop; born 650, died 7 March, 686

• East Indies, Patriarchate of the

  In consequence of an agreement between the Holy See and the Portuguese Government in 1886

• Easton, Adam

  Cardinal, born at Easton in Norfolk; died at Rome, 15 September (according to others, 20 October), 1397

• Eata, Saint

  Second bishop of Hexham, d. 686

• Ebbo

  Archbishop of Reims, b. towards the end of the eighth century; d. 20 March, 851

• Ebendorfer, Thomas

  German chronicler, professor, and statesman, b. 12 August, 1385, at Haselbach, in Upper Austria; d. at Vienna, 8 Jan., 1464

• Eberhard, Matthias

  Bishop of Trier, b. 15 Nov., 1815, at Trier (Germany), d. there 30 May, 1876

• Eberhard of Ratisbon

  A German chronicler about the beginning of the fourteenth century

• Ebermann, Veit

  Theologian and controversialist, born 25 May, 1597, at Rendweisdorff, in Bavaria; died 8 April, 1675

• Ebionites

  Two varieties: the earlier group called Ebionites denied the divinity of Christ; the later Ebionites were a Gnostic sect who believed that matter was eternal and was God's body

• Ebner

  The name of two German mystics

• Ecclesiastes

  The name given to the book of Holy Scripture which usually follows the Proverbs; the Hebrew Qoheleth probably has the same meaning

• Ecclesiastical Forum

  Ecclesiastical jurisdiction is distinguished into that of the internal and external forum

• Ecclesiasticus

  The longest of the deuterocanonical books of the Bible, and the last of the Sapiential writings in the Vulgate of the Old Testament

• Eccleston, Samuel

  Fifth Archbishop of Baltimore, U.S.A (1801-1851)

• Eccleston, Thomas of

  Thirteenth-century Friar Minor and chronicler

• Echard, Jacques

  Historian of the Dominicans, born at Rouen, France, 22 September, 1644; died at Paris, 15 March, 1724

• Echave, Baltasar de

  Painter, born at Zumaya, Guipuzcoa, Spain, in the latter part of the sixteenth century; died in Mexico about the middle of the seventeenth

• Echinus

  A titular see of Thessaly, Greece

• Echternach, Abbey of

  A Benedictine monastery in the town of that name, in the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg and the Diocese of Trier

• Echter von Mespelbrunn, Julius

  Prince-Bishop of Wuerzburg, b. 18 March, 1545, in the Castle of Mespelbrunn, Spessart (Bavaria); d. 13 Sept., 1617, at Wuerzburg

• Eckart, Anselm

  Missionary, born at Bingen, Germany, 4 August, 1721; died at the College of Polstok, Polish Russia, 29 June, 1809

• Eckebert

  Abbot of Schoenau, born in the early part of the twelfth century

• Eckhart, Johann Georg von

  German historian, b. at Duingen in the principality of Kalenberg, 7 Sept., 1664; d. at Wuerzburg, 9 Feb., 1730

• Eckhart, Meister

  Biographical article on the Dominican theologian and mystic. Includes bibliography

• Eckhel, Joseph Hilarius

  German numismatist (1737-1798)

• Eck, Johann

  Theologian and principal adversary of Luther. Detailed profile by J.P. Kirsch

• Eclecticism

  A philosophical term meaning either a tendency of mind in a thinker to conciliate the different views or positions taken in regard to problems, or a system in philosophy which seeks the solution of its fundamental problems by selecting and uniting what it regards as true in the various philosophical schools

• Economics

  The social science which treats of man's activities in providing the material means to satisfy his wants

• Ecstasy

  Offers details of false views

• Ecuador

  An independent state of South America, bounded on the north by Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the south by Peru, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean

• Edda

  A title applied to two different collections of old Norse literature, the poetical or 'Elder Edda' and the prose or 'Younger Edda'

• Edelinck

  The family name of four engravers

• Eden, Garden of

  The name popularly given in Christian tradition to the scriptural Garden of Eden

• Edesius and Frumentius

  Tyrian Greeks of the fourth century, probably brothers, who introduced Christianity into Abyssinia; the latter a saint and first Bishop of Axum, styled the Apostle of Abyssinia, d. about 383

• Edessa

  A titular archiepiscopal see in that part of Mesopotamia formerly known as Osrhoene

• Edgeworth, Henry Essex

  Confessor of Louis XVI, and vicar-general of the Diocese of Paris at the height of the French Revolution (1745-1807)

• Edinburgh

  Derives its name from the time (about A.D. 620) when the fortress of Edwin's burgh was raised on a lofty spur of the Pentland Hills, overlooking the Firth of Forth, and established the Anglian dominion in the northern part of the Northumbrian Kingdom

• Edmund, Congregation of Saint

  Founded in 1843, by Jean-Baptiste Muard, at Pontigny, France, for the work of popular missions

• Edmund Rich, Saint

  This Archbishop of Canterbury died in 1240, and was canonized within six years. Biography

• Edmund the Martyr, Saint

  Short biography of the King of East Anglia, who died in 870

• Education

  In the broadest sense, education includes all those experiences by which intelligence is developed, knowledge acquired, and character formed. In a narrower sense, it is the work done by certain agencies and institutions, the home and the school, for the express purpose of training immature minds

• Educational Association, The Catholic

  A voluntary organization composed of Catholic educators and other persons who have an interest in the welfare of Catholic education in the United States

• Edward III

  Detailed biographical article on the King of England

• Edward Powell, Blessed

  Biography of the Welsh priest, Bl. Thomas Abel's companion in martyrdom, d. 1506

• Edward the Confessor, Saint

  Short biography of the King of England, who died in 1066

• Edward the Martyr, Saint

  King of England, assassinated at the age of 16 or 17 at the behest of his stepmother. St. Edward was murdered in 979

• Edwin, Saint

  Biography of the first Christian King of Northumbria, who died in 633. Also known, in Latinized form, as Aeduini

• Edwy

  King of the English, eldest son of Edmund and St. Aelfgifu, born about 940; died 959

• Egan, Boetius

  Archbishop of Tuam, born near Tuam, Ireland, 1734; died near Tuam, 1798

• Egan, Michael

  First bishop of Philadelphia, U.S.A., b. in Ireland, most probably in Galway, in 1761; d. at Philadelphia, 22 July, 1814

• Egbert

  Frequently though incorrectly called 'First King of England', died A.D. 839

• Egbert, Archbishop of Trier

  Belonged to the family of the Counts of Holland. Died 8 or 9 December, 993

• Egbert, Archbishop of York

  Son of Eata, brother of the Northumbrian King Eadbert and cousin of King Ceolwulf, to whom the Venerable Bede dedicated his history; date of birth unknown; d. 19 November, 766

• Egbert, Saint

  A Northumbrian by birth, became a monk in Ireland, died in 729 at the age of 90

• Egfrid

  King of Northumbria, b. 650; d. 685

• Eginhard

  Historian, born c. 770 in the district watered by the River Main in the eastern part of the Frankish Empire; d. 14 March, 840, at Seligenstadt

• Egloffstein, Frederick W. von

  Born at Aldorf, near Nuremberg, Bavaria, 18 May, 1824; died in New York, 1885

• Egmont, Lamoral, Count of

  Born at the Chateau de La Hamaide, in Hainault, 18 Nov., 1522; beheaded at Brussels, 5 June, 1568

• Egoism

  Synopsis of this ethical system, and short refutation

• Eguiara y Eguren, Juan José

  Mexican scholar (d. 1763)

• Egwin, Saint

  Third bishop of Worcester, founded the Benedictine monastery of Evesham, d. 717 or 720

• Egypt

  Provides information on history, religion, and literature

• Egyptian Church Ordinance

  An early Christian collection of thirty-one canons regulating ordinations, the liturgy, and other main features of church life

• Eichendorff, Josef Karl Benedikt

  Poet (1788-1857)

• Eichstätt

  Diocese in Bavaria, north of the Danube, and suffragan to Bamberg

• Eimhin, Saint

  Abbot and Bishop of Ros-mic-Truin, d. first half of the sixth century. Some believe that Eimhin is the author of the Tripartite Life of St. Patrick

• Einsiedeln, Abbey of

  A Benedictine monastery in the Canton of Schwyz, Switzerland, dedicated to Our Lady of the Hermits

• Eisengrein, Martin

  Catholic theologian and polemical writer, born of Protestant parents at Stuttgart, 28 December, 1535; died at Ingolstadt, 4 May, 1578

• Eithene, Saint

  Sixth-century Irish woman, visionary

• Eithne, Saint

  Irish princess, converted to Christianity by St. Patrick, died immediately after receiving her First Communion (433)

• Ekkehard

  Name of five monks of the (Swiss) Abbey of St. Gall from the tenth to the thirteenth century

• Ekkehard of Aura

  Benedictine monk and chronicler, b. about 1050; d. after 1125

• Elaea

  A titular see of Asia Minor

• Elba

  The largest island of the Tuscan Archipelago

• Elbel, Benjamin

  Bavarian moral theologian (1690-1756)

• Elcesaites

  A sect of Gnostic Ebionites

• Elder, George

  Educator, b. 11 August, 1793, in Kentucky, U.S.A.; d. 28 Sept., 1838, at Bardstown

• Elder, William Henry

  Third Bishop of Natchez, Mississippi, U.S.A., and second Archbishop of Cincinnati, b. in Baltimore, Maryland, 22 March, 1819; d. in Cincinnati, 31 Oct., 1904

• Eleazar

  Includes information on three uses of this name

• Elect

  Denotes in general one chosen or taken by preference from among two or more; as a theological term it is equivalent to 'chosen as the object of mercy or Divine favour, as set apart for eternal life'

• Election

  In its broadest sense election means a choice among many persons, things, or sides to be taken. In the stricter juridical sense it means the choice of one person among many for a definite charge or function

• Election, Papal

  The method of electing the pope has varied considerably at different periods of the history of the Church...

• Eleutherius, Pope Saint

  Native of Nicopolis, served as deacon in the Roman Church, d. about 189

• Eleutherius, Saint

  First Bishop of Tournai, early sixth century

• Eleutheropolis

  A titular see in Palaestina Prima

• Elevation, The

  The Elevation of the Mass is a rite of comparatively recent introduction

• El Greco

  Spanish artist. Born in Crete, between 1545 and 1550; died at Toledo, 7 April, 1614

• Elhuyar y de Suvisa, Fausto de

  Mineralogist and chemist (1755-1833)

• Eli

  Discusses the Old Testament priest, and the New Testament father of Joseph

• Elias

  Old Testament prophet

• Elias of Cortona

  Minister General of the Friars Minor, b., it is said, at Bevilia near Assisi, c. 1180; d. at Cortona, 22 April, 1253

• Elias of Jerusalem

  Died 518; one of the two Catholic bishops (with Flavian of Antioch) who resisted the attempt of the Emperor Anastasius I (491-518) to abolish the Council of Chalcedon (451)

• Elie de Beaumont, Jean-Baptiste-Armand-Louis-Léonce

  Geologist, b. at Canon (Dep. Calvados), near Caen, France, 25 Sept., 1798; d. at Canon, 21 Sept., 1874

• Eligius, Saint

  Or Eloi. Bishop of Noyon-Tournai, founded several monasteries, d. 660

• Eliseus

  A Prophet of Israel

• Elishé

  Armenian historian of the fifth century, place and date of birth unknown, d. 480

• Eliud, Saint

  Archbishop of Llandaff, born at Eccluis Gunniau, near Tenby, Pembrokeshire; died at Llandilo Vawr, Carmarthenshire, probably in or before 560

• Elizabeth

  The wife of Zachary, mother of St. John the Baptist, and relative of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Some believe that it was Elizabeth who proclaimed the Magnificat

• Elizabeth Ann Seton, Saint

  Biography of the founder of the Sisters of Charity in the United States

• Elizabeth Associations

  Charitable associations of women in Germany which aim for the love of Christ to minister to the bodily and spiritual sufferings of the sick poor and of neglected children

• Elizabeth of Hungary, Saint

  Also called St. Elizabeth of Thuringia. Biographical article on the princess, widow, Third Order Franciscan, who died in 1231

• Elizabeth of Portugal, Saint

  Queen, also known as St. Isabel, d. 1336

• Elizabeth of Reute, Saint

  Even in her childhood was called 'the good Betha.' Third Order Franciscan, d. 1420

• Elizabeth of Schönau, Saint

  Benedictine visionary, friend of Hildegarde of Bingen. Elizabeth died in 1165

• Elizabeth, Sisters of Saint

  From an association established by Dorothea Klara Wolff, in connection with the sisters, Mathilde and Maria Merkert, and Franziska Werner, 1842, in Nelsse (Prussia), to tend in their own homes, without compensation, helpless sick persons who could not or would not be received into the hospitals

• Ellis, Philip Michael

  First Vicar Apostolic of the Western District, England, subsequently Bishop of Segni, Italy, b. in 1652; d. 16 Nov., 1726

• Ellwangen Abbey

  The earliest Benedictine monastery established in the Duchy of Wurtemberg, situated in the Diocese of Augsburg about thirty miles north-east of the town of Stuttgart

• Elohim

  The common name for God

• Elphin

  Suffragan of Tuam, Ireland, a see founded by St. Patrick

• Elusa

  A titular see of Palaestina Tertia, suffragan of Petra

• Elvira, Council of

  Held early in the fourth century at Elliberis, or Illiberis, in Spain, a city now in ruins not far from Granada

• Ely

  Ancient diocese in England

• Elzéar of Sabran

  Married, Third Order Franciscan, d. 1323

• Emanationism

  The doctrine that emanation (Lat. emanare, 'to flow from') is the mode by which all things are derived from the First Reality, or Principle

• Emancipation, Ecclesiastical

  In ancient Rome emancipation was a process of law by which a slave released from the control of his master, or a son liberated from the authority of his father (patria potestas), was declared legally independent. The earliest ecclesiastical employment of this process was in the freeing of slaves

• Ember Days

  The days at the beginning of the seasons ordered by the Church as days of fast and abstinence

• Embolism

  An insertion, addition, interpretation. The word has two specific uses in the language of the Church; in the prayer and in the calendar

• Embroidery

  In Christian worship embroidery was used from early times to ornament vestments

• Emerentiana, Saint

  Virgin and martyr, d. at Rome in the third century

• Emery, Jacques-André

  Superior of the Society of St-Sulpice during the French Revolution, b. 26 Aug., 1732, at Gex; d. at Paris, 28 April, 1811

• Emesa

  A titular see of Phoenicia Secunda, suffragan of Damascus, and the seat of two Uniat archdioceses, Greek Melchite and Syrian

• Emigrant Aid Societies

  Details of several organizations, the earliest being the Charitable Irish Society of Boston, Massachusetts, founded 17 March, 1737

• Emiliana and Trasilla, Saints

  Aunts of St. Gregory the Great, virgins in the sixth century

• Emiliani, Saint Jerome

  Soldier, priest, founder of the Order of Somascha, d. 1537

• Emmanuel

  Signifies 'God with us' (Matthew 1:23), and is the name of the child predicted in Isaias 7:14: 'Behold a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and his name shall be called Emmanuel'

• Emmaus

  A titular see in Palaestina Prima, suffragan of Caesarea

• Emmeram, Saint

  Late seventh-century missionary to Bavaria, where he was martyred

• Emmeram, Saint, Abbey of

  A Benedictine monastery at Ratisbon (Regensburg), named after its traditional founder, the patron saint of the city

• Emmerich, Anne Catherine

  An Augustinian nun, stigmatic, and ecstatic, born 8 September, 1774, at Flamsche, near Coesfeld, in the Diocese of Munster, Westphalia, Germany; died at Dulmen, 9 February, 1824

• Empiricism

  Primarily, and in its psychological application, the term signifies the theory that the phenomena of consciousness are simply the product of sensuous experience, i.e. of sensations variously associated and arranged

• Ems, Congress of

  A meeting of the representatives of the German Archbishops Friedrich Karl von Erthal of Mainz, Maximilian Franz of Cologne, Clemens Wenceslaus of Trier, and Hieronymus von Colloredo of Salzburg, at the little town of Bad-Ems, near Coblenz, in August, 1786, for the purpose of protesting against papal interference in the exercise of episcopal powers and fixing the future relations between these archbishops and the Roman pontiff

• Emser, Hieronymus

  The most ardent literary opponent of Luther, born of a prominent family at Ulm, 20 March, 1477; died 8 Nov., 1527 at Dresden

• Encina, Juan de la

  Biographical article commenting on his musical and writing abilities and his priestly positions

• Enciso, Diego Ximenez de

  Dramatic poet, b. in Andalusia, Spain, c. 1585; date of death unknown

• Enciso, Martín Fernández de

  Navigator and geographer, b. at Seville, Spain, c. 1470; d. probably about 1528 at Seville

• Encolpion

  The name given in early Christian times to a species of reliquary worn round the neck, in which were enclosed relics

• Encratites

  Literally, 'abstainers' or 'persons who practised continency', because they refrained from the use of wine, animal food, and marriage

• Encyclical

  According to its etymology, an encyclical is nothing more than a circular letter. In modern times, usage has confined the term almost exclusively to certain papal documents which differ in their technical form from the ordinary style of either Bulls or Briefs, and which in their superscription are explicitly addressed to the patriarchs, primates, archbishops, and bishops of the Universal Church in communion with the Apostolic See

• Encyclopedists

  Article by C.A. Dubray siscusses the group of philosophers who contributed to the Encyclopedie

• Endlicher, Stephan Ladislaus

  Austrian botanist, linguist, and historian, b. at Pressburg, Hungary, 24 June, 1804; d. at Vienna, 28 March, 1849

• Endowment

  A property, fund, or revenue permanently appropriated for the support of any person, institution, or object, as a student, professorship, school, hospital

• Energy, The Law of Conservation of

  Includes the history and philosophy

• Engaddi

  The name of a warm spring near the center of the west shore of the Dead Sea, and also of a town situated in the same place

• Engelberg, Abbey of

  A Benedictine monastery in Switzerland, formerly in the Diocese of Constance

• Engelbert

  Abbot of the Benedictine monastery of Admont in Styria, b. of noble parents at Volkersdorf in Styria, c. 1250; d. 12 May, 1331

• Engelbert of Cologne, Saint

  Went from excommunicated worldly soldier to martyred archbishop. He was killed by his cousin in 1225

• Engelbrechtsen, Cornelis

  Dutch painter, b. at Leyden, 1468; d. there 1533; is believed to have been identical with a certain Cornelis de Hollandere who was a member of the Guild of St. Luke at Antwerp in 1492

• Engel, Ludwig

  Canonist, b. at Castle Wagrein, Austria; d. at Grillenberg, 22 April 1694

• England (1066-1558)

  This term England is here restricted to one constituent, the largest and most populous, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

• England (After 1558)

  Article on the relation of the post-Reformation Catholic church to the English state

• England, John

  First Bishop of Charleston, S.C (1786-1842)

• Englefield, Sir Henry Charles, Bart.

  Antiquary and scientist, b. 1752; d. 21 March, 1822

• English College, The, in Rome

  Information on its foundation, scholastic status, and students

• English Confessors and Martyrs (1534-1729)

  Since this article was published, some of the causes for canonization have been successful, and others have progressed from 'venerable' to 'blessed.'

• English Hierarchy, Reorganization of the

  The restoration of the English hierarchy in 1850 was a milestone for English Catholics after the Penal Times

• English Literature

  Latin, French, Italian, Greek, and Spanish literatures are a few of the influences

• English Revolution of 1688

  The history of the Revolution resolves itself into a catalogue of various ill-judged measures which alienated the support of the Established Church, the Tory party, and the nation as a whole

• Ennodius, Magnus Felix

  Rhetorician and bishop, b. probably at Arles, in Southern Gaul, in 474; d. at Pavia, Italy, 17 July, 521

• Enoch

  The name of the son of Cain, of a nephew of Abraham, of the first-born of Ruben, and of the son of Jared and the father of Mathusala

• Enoch, Book of

  Introductory article

• Ensingen, Ulrich

  Belonged to a family of architects who came from Einsingen near Ulm, Wurtemberg, and who shared as master-builders in the construction of the most important Gothic buildings of the fifteenth century in Southern Germany

• Entablature

  A superstructure which lies horizontally upon the columns in classic architecture

• Enthronization

  From Greek 'enthronizein, to place on a throne

• Envy

  Taken to be synonymous with jealousy

• Eoghan, Saints

  Some details on five Irish saints of this name

• Epact

  The surplus days of the solar over the lunar year; hence, more freely, the number of days in the age of the moon on 1 January of any given year. The whole system of epacts is based on the Metonic Lunar Cycle, and serves to indicate the days of the year on which the new moons occur

• Eparchy

  Originally the name of one of the divisions of the Roman Empire

• Epée, Charles-Michel de l'

  A philanthropic priest and inventor of the sign alphabet for the instruction of the deaf and dumb; was b. at Versailles, 25 November, 1712; d. at Paris, 23 December, 1789

• Eperies

  Diocese of the Greek Ruthenian Rite, suffragan to Gran

• Ephesians, Epistle to the

  The letter which, in the manuscripts containing the Epistles of St. Paul, bears the title 'To the Ephesians' comprises two parts distinctly separated by a doxology (Eph., iii, 20 sq.)

• Ephesus

  A titular archiespiscopal see in Asia Minor, said to have been founded in the eleventh century B.C. by Androcles, son of the Athenian King Codrus, with the aid of Ionian colonists

• Ephesus, Council of

  The third ecumenical council, held in 431

• Ephesus, Robber Council of

  The Acts of the first session of this synod were read at the Council of Chalcedon, 451, and have thus been preserved. The remainder of the Acts are known only through a Syriac translation by a Monophysite monk, published from the British Museum MS. Addit. 14,530, written in the year 535

• Ephesus, Seven Sleepers of

  One of the many examples of the legend about a man who falls asleep and years after wakes up to find the world changed

• Ephod

  a kind of garment, which differed according to its use by the high-priest, by other persons present at religious services, or as the object of idolatrous worship

• Ephraem, Saint

  Long article on the life and works of the hermit, deacon, poet

• Ephraim of Antioch

  One of the defenders of the Faith of Chalcedon (451) against the Monophysites, b. at Amida in Mesopotamia; d. in 545

• Epicureanism

  In its popular sense, the word stands for a refined and calculating selfishness, seeking not power or fame, but the pleasures of sense, particularly of the palate, and those in company rather than solitude

• Epiklesis

  The name of a prayer that occurs in all Eastern liturgies (and originally in Western liturgies also) after the words of Institution, in which the celebrant prays that God may send down His Holy Spirit to change this bread and wine into the Body and Blood of His Son

• Epimachus and Gordianus, Saints

  Roman martyrs under Julian the Apostate. Both died in 362. Although they did not die together, they are buried together, and the cemetery is named after them. Identifies two other martyrs named Gordianus, considers several named Epimachus

• Epiphania

  A titular see in Cilicia Secunda, in Asia Minor, suffragan of Anazarbus

• Epiphanius

  A translator of various Greek works in the middle of the sixth century of the Christian Era

• Epiphanius of Constantinople

  Succeeded John II (518-20) as Patriarch of Constantinople

• Epiphanius of Salamis

  Biographical article on the fourth-century monk and bishop

• Epiphany

  The feast was called among the Syrians denho (up-going), a name to be connected with the notion of rising light expressed in Luke. I, 78

• Episcopalians

  Protestant denomination born from Anglicanism

• Episcopal Subsidies

  Since the faithful are obliged to contribute to the support of religion, especially in their own diocese, a bishop may ask contributions for diocesan needs from his own subjects, and particularly from the clergy

• Epistemology

  That branch of philosophy which is concerned with the value of human knowledge

• Epistle (in Scripture)

  The Old Testament exhibits two periods in its idea of an epistle: first, it presents the epistle under the general concept of a book or a writing; secondly, it regards the epistle as a distinct literary form. The New Testament presents a very highly developed form of an epistle

• Epping, Joseph

  German astronomer and Assyriologist, b. at Neuenkirchen near Rhine in Westphalia, 1 Dec., 1835; d. at Exaeten, Holland, 22 Aug., 1894

• Erasmus, Desiderius

  Article by Joseph Sauer. An extensive overview of the life, works and impact of this scholar

• Erastus and Erastianism

  The name 'Erastianism' is often used in a somewhat loose sense as denoting an undue subservience of the Church to the State

• Ercilla y Zúñiga, Alonso de

  Spanish soldier and poet, born in Madrid, 7 August, 1533; died in the same city, 29 November, 1594

• Erconwald, Saint

  Monk, Bishop of London, founded two monasteries, d. about 690. Biography

• Erdeswicke, Sampson

  Antiquarian, date of birth unknown; died 1603

• Erdington Abbey

  Situated in a suburb of Birmingham, Warwickshire, England, belongs to the Benedictine congregation of St. Martin of Beuron, Germany, and is dedicated to St. Thomas of Canterbury

• Erhard of Ratisbon, Saint

  Seventh-century Irish-born missionary bishop

• Erie

  Diocese established 1853

• Eriugena, John Scotus

  Article by William Turner recounts this scholar's life and influence, and evaluates his teachings

• Ermland

  A district of East Prussia and an exempt bishopric. St. Adalbert of Prague (d. 997) and St. Bruno of Querfurt (d. 1009) converted the early inhabitants of this region, the heathen Prussians, to Christianity and two centuries later Teutonic Knights and members of the Cistercian Order introduced civilization also into the land

• Ernakulam, Vicariate Apostolic of

  In May, 1887, the churches of Syrian Rite in Malabar were separated from those of the Latin Rite and formed into the Vicariates of Trichur and Kottayam under European prelates. In response, however, to the petitions of the Syrian Catholics desirous of obtaining bishops of their own race and rite, Leo XIII by his brief 'Quae Rei Sacrae' (28 July, 1896) divided the territory anew into three vicariates: Trichur, Changanacherry, and Ernakulam

• Ernan, Saints

  Some people count more than two dozen saints of this name. Article tries to distinguish four of them

• Ernst of Hesse-Rheinfels

  The sixth son of Moritz, Landgrave of Hesse-Cassel, after whose resignation of the government in 1627 to his son Wilhelm V, Ernst and his brother Hermann respectively founded the collateral lines of Hesse-Rheinfels and Hesse-Rotenburg

• Ernulf

  Architect, b. at Beauvais, France, in 1040; d. 1124

• Errington, William

  Priest, founder of Sedgley Park School, b. 17 July, 1716; d. 28 September, 1768

• Error

  Reduplicatively regarded, is in one way or another the product of ignorance. But besides the lack of information which it implies, it adds the positive element of a mental judgment, by which something false is held to be true, or something true avouched to be false

• Erskine, Charles

  Cardinal, b. at Rome, 13 Feb., 1739; d. at Paris, 20 March, 1811

• Erthal, Franz Ludwig von

  Prince-Bishop of Wuerzburg and Bamberg, b. at Lohr on the Main, 16 September, 1730; d. at Wuerzburg, 16 February, 1795

• Erthal, Friedrich Karl Joseph, Freiherr von

  Last Elector and Archbishop of Mainz, b. 3 Jan., 1719, at Mainz; d. 25 July, 1802, at Aschaffenburg

• Erwin of Steinbach

  One of the architects of the Strasburg cathedral, date of birth unknown; d. at Strasburg, 17 January, 1318

• Erythrae

  A titular see in Asia Minor. According to legend the city was founded by colonists from Crete

• Erzerum (Theodosiopolis)

  The kings of Armenia established their summer residence here. Later Garin fell into the power of the Byzantines, who named it Theodosiopolis (415), under which title it is still a Latin titular see

• Esau

  The eldest son of Isaac and Rebecca, the twin-brother of Jacob

• Eschatology

  A survey of the subject in various pre-Christian religions and cultures, an examination of the development of eschatology in the Old Testament, brief overview of Christian teaching

• Esch, Nicolaus van

  A famous mystical theologian, b. in Oisterwijk near Hertogenbosch (Boisle-Duc), Holland, in 1507; d. 19 July, 1578

• Escobar, Marina de

  Mystic and foundress of a modified branch of the Brigittine Order b. at Valladolid, Spain, 8 Feb., 1554; d. there 9 June, 1633

• Escobar y Mendoza, Antonio

  Preacher and writer, born at Valladolid in 1589; died there, 4 July, 1669

• Escorial, The

  A building in Spain situated on the south-eastern slope of the Sierra Guadarrama about twenty-seven miles northwest of Madrid. Its proper title is El Real Monasterio de San Lorenzo del Escorial, Escorial being the name of a small town in the vicinity

• Esdras

  Or Ezra. Article on the man and the books which bear his name

• Esglis, Louis-Philippe Mariauchau d'

  Eighth Bishop of Quebec, Canada; born Quebec, 24 April, 1710; died 7 June, 1788

• Eskil

  Archbishop of Lund, Skåne, Sweden; b. about 1100; d. at Clairvaux, 6 (7?) Sept., 1181

• Eskimo

  A littoral race occupying the entire Arctic coast and outlying islands of America from below Cook Inlet in Alaska to the mouth of the St. Lawrence

• Esnambuc, Pierre Belain, Sieur d'

  Captain in the French marine, b. 1565, at Allouville, near Yvetot (Seine-Inferieure); d. at St. Christopher in Dec., 1636

• ESP

  A term introduced by F.W.H. Myers in 1882 to denote 'the ability of one mind to impress or to be impressed by another mind otherwise than through the recognized channels of sense'

• Espejo, Antonio

  A Spanish explorer, whose fame rests upon a notable expedition which he conducted into New Mexico and Arizona in 1582-3

• Espence, Claude D'

  French theologian, born in 1511 at Chalons-sur-Marne; died 5 Oct., 1571, at Paris

• Espen, Zeger Bernhard van

  Belgian canonist, born at Louvain, 9 July, 1646; died at Amersfoort, Netherlands, 2 Oct., 1728

• Espinel, Vincent

  Poet and novelist; born at Ronda (Malaga), Spain, 1544; died at Madrid, 1634

• Espinosa, Alonso De

  Spanish priest and historian of the sixteenth century

• Espousals

  A contract of future marriage between a man and a woman, who are thereby affianced

• Espousals of the Blessed Virgin Mary

  A feast of the Latin Church

• Essence and Existence

  Essence, described as that whereby a thing is what it is. Existence is that whereby the essence is an actuality in the line of being

• Essenes

  One of three leading Jewish sects mentioned by Josephus as flourishing in the second century B.C., the others being the Pharisees and the Sadducees

• Establishment, The

  The union of Church and State setting up a definite and distinctive relation between the two is frequently expressed in English by the use of the word 'establishment'

• Estaing, Comte d'

  French admiral, b. at the chateau de Ravel (Auvergne), 28 November, 1729; d. at Paris, 28 April, 1794

• Esther

  Queen of Persia and wife of Assuerus, who is identified with Xerxes (485-465 B.C.)

• Estiennot de la Serre, Claude

  Benedictine (1639-1699)

• Est, Willem Hessels van

  Famous commentator on the Pauline Epistles (1542-1613)

• Eternity

  Eternity is defined by Boetius (De Consol. Phil., V, vi) as 'possession, without succession and perfect, of interminable life'

• Ethelbert

  Archbishop of York

• Ethelbert, Saint

  Biography of the King of the East Angles, who was murdered in 794

• Ethelbert, Saint

  King of Kent, a worshipper of Odin well into his adulthood, converted to Christianity, d. 616. Biography

• Etheldreda, Saint

  Queen of Northumbria, twice married for reasons of state, d. 679. Biography

• Ethelwold, Saint

  Bishop of Winchester, called 'father of monks,' d. 984

• Etherianus, Hugh and Leo

  Brothers, Tuscans by birth, employed at the court of Constantinople under the Emperor Manuel I (Comnenus, 1143-1180)

• Ethethard

  The fourteenth Archbishop of Canterbury, England, date of birth unknown; died 12 May, 805

• Ethics

  Many writers regard ethics as any scientific treatment of the moral order and divide it into theological, or Christian, ethics (moral theology) and philosophical ethics (moral philosophy)

• Ethiopia

  Includes geography, history, and religion

• Etschmiadzin

  An Armenian monastery, since 1441 the ecclesiastical capital of the schismatic Armenians, and seat of their patriarch or catholicos, whom the greater part of the Non-Uniat Armenian Church acknowledge as their head

• Euaria

  A titular see of Phoenicia Secunda or Libanensis, in Palestine

• Eucarpia

  A titular see of Phrygia Salutaris in Asia Minor

• Eucharist, as a Sacrifice

  The word Mass (missa) first established itself as the general designation for the Eucharistic Sacrifice in the West after the time of Pope Gregory the Great, the early Church having used the expression the 'breaking of bread' (fractio panis) or 'liturgy'

• Eucharist, Early Symbols of the

  The earliest and always the favourite symbol of the Eucharist in the monuments was that inspired by the miracle of the multiplication of the loaves and fishes; the banquet of the seven Disciples appears only in one (second-century) catacomb scene; the miracle of Cana in two, one of which is of the early third, the other of the fourth, century

• Eucharistic Congresses

  Gatherings of ecclesiastics and laymen for the purpose of celebrating and glorifying the Holy Eucharist and of seeking the best means to spread its knowledge and love throughout the world

• Eucharist, Introduction to the

  The name given to the Blessed Sacrament of the Altar its twofold aspect of sacrament and Sacrifice of Mass, and in which Jesus Christ is truly present under the bread and wine

• Eucharist, Real Presence of Christ in

  Article considers: the fact of the Real Presence; the several allied dogmas grouped about it; and the speculations of reason, so far as speculative investigation regarding the august mystery under its various aspects is permissible, and so far as it is desirable to illumine it by the light of philosophy

• Eucharius, Saint

  First bishop of Trier (Treves). Second half of third century

• Eucherius, Saint

  Bishop of Lyons, theologian, d. about 449

• Euchologion

  The name of one of the chief Service books of the Byzantine Church. It corresponds more or less to the Missal and Ritual

• Eudes, Blessed Jean

  French missionary, religious founder, writer, d. 1680

• Eudists

  An ecclesiastical society instituted at Caen, France, 25 March, 1643, by Jean Eudes

• Eudocia

  Aelia Eudocia, sometimes wrongly called Eudoxia, was the wife of Theodosius II; died c. 460. Her original name was Athenais, and she was the daughter of Leontius, one of the last pagans who taught rhetoric at Athens

• Eudoxias

  A titular see of Galatia Secunda in Asia Minor, suffragan of Pessinus

• Eugendus, Saint

  Fourth abbot of Condat, d. 510. Also called St. Augendus, Oyand, or Oyan

• Eugene III, Pope

  Cistercian monk and abbot chosen by unanimous vote of the College of Cardinals to succeed Lucius II. Blessed Eugene died in 1151

• Eugene II, Pope

  Elected 6 June, 824; died 27 Aug., 827

• Eugene I, Saint, Pope

  Made bishop of Rome after Pope St. Martin I had been in exile for 14 months. Eugene died in 657

• Eugene IV, Pope

  Gabriello Condulmaro, or Condulmerio, b. at Venice, 1388; elected 4 March, 1431; d. at Rome, 23 Feb., 1447

• Eugenics

  Eugenics literally means 'good breeding'. It is defined as the study of agencies under social control that may improve or impair the racial qualities of future generations either physically or mentally

• Eugenius I

  Archbishop of Toledo, successor in 636 of Justus in that see; d. 647

• Eugenius II (the Younger)

  Archbishop of Toledo from 647 to 13 Nov., 657, the date of his death

• Eugenius of Carthage, Saint

  Unanimously elected bishop of Carthage, exiled for a time for speaking out against the Arians, died 505

• Eulalia of Barcelona, Saint

  Martyred 12 February, 304, patron saint of sailors

• Eulogia

  The term has been applied in ecclesiastical usage to the object blessed. It was occasionally used in early times to signify the Holy Eucharist, and in this sense is especially frequent in the writings of St. Cyril of Alexandria

• Eulogius of Alexandria, Saint

  Patriarch of Alexandria. Argued against Novatians, and against Nestorius and Eutyches. Eulogius died in 607

• Eulogius of Cordova, Saint

  Writer, martyr, elected Archbishop of Toledo shortly before he was beheaded (11 March, 859)

• Eumenia

  A titular see of Phrygia Pacatiana in Asia Minor, and suffragan to Hierapolis

• Eunomianism

  A phase of extreme Arianism prevalent amongst a section of Eastern churchmen from about 350 until 381; as a sect it is not heard of after the middle of the fifth century

• Euphemius of Constantinople

  Succeeded as patriarch Flavitas (or Fravitas, 489-490), who succeeded Acacius (471-489)

• Euphrasia, Saint

  A desert mother, died after 410

• Euphrosyne, Saint

  According to the Vitae Patrum, passed as a man and lived in a men's monastery for 38 years. She died in about 470

• Euroea

  A titular see of Epirus Vetus in Greece, suffragan of Nicopolis

• Europe

  The conception of Europe as a distinct division of the earth, separate from Asia and Africa, had its origin in ancient times

• Europus

  A titular see in Provincis Euphratensis, suffragan of Hierapolis

• Eusebius Bruno

  Bishop of Angers, b. in the early part of the eleventh century; d. at Angers, 29 August, 1081

• Eusebius of Alexandria

  Ecclesiastical writer and author of a number of homilies well known in the sixth and seventh centuries

• Eusebius of Cæsarea

  Biographical article on the 'Father of Church History.'

• Eusebius of Dorylæum

  Bishop of Dorylaeum in Asia Minor, was the prime mover on behalf of Catholic orthodoxy against the heresies of Nestorius and Eutyches

• Eusebius of Laodicea

  An Alexandrian deacon who had some fame as a confessor and became bishop of Laodicea in Syria, date of birth uncertain: d. about 268

• Eusebius of Nicomedia

  Bishop, place and date of birth unknown; d. 341. He was a pupil at Antioch of Lucian the Martyr, in whose famous school he learned his Arian doctrines

• Eusebius, Saint

  Bishop of Vercelli, exiled for defending St. Athanasius, anti-Arian, martyr, d. 371

• Eusebius, Saint

  Anti-Arian bishop of Samosata, martyr, d. 379 or 380

• Eusebius, Saint

  A Roman presbyter, confessor, d. possibly in 357

• Eusebius, Saint, Pope

  Reigned for only four months, in 309 or 310, was deported, died in exile, is counted as a martyr

• Eustace, John Chetwode

  Antiquary, b. in Ireland, c. 1762; d. at Naples, Italy, 1 Aug., 1815

• Eustace, Maurice

  His own father had him arrested for secretly taking Holy Orders, and Maurice's brother accused him of treason. Martyred at Dublin in 1581

• Eustace, Saint

  Companion of St. Columbanus and second abbot of Luxeuil, d. 625

• Eustachius and Companions, Saints

  Second-century Roman martyrs

• Eustachius, Bartolomeo

  A distinguished anatomist of the Renaissance period

• Eustathius of Sebaste

  Born about 300; died about 377. He was one of the chief founders of monasticism in Asia Minor, and for a long time was an intimate friend of St. Basil

• Eustathius, Saint

  Anti-Arian bishop of Antioch, died in exile, probably in 360

• Eustochium Julia, Saint

  Daughter of St. Paula. Monastic, spoke Latin and Greek, read Hebrew, the recipient of a famous letter from St. Jerome. She died in 419 or 420

• Euthalius

  A deacon of Alexandria and later Bishop of Sulca

• Euthanasia

  From Greek eu, well, and thanatos, death, easy, painless death

• Euthymius, Saint

  Called 'the Great,' abbot in Palestine, d. 473

• Eutropius of Valencia

  Spanish bishop; d. about 610

• Eutyches

  An heresiarch of the fifth century

• Eutychianism

  Eutychianism and Monophysitism are usually identified as a single heresy. But as some Monophysites condemned Eutyches, the name Eutychians is given by some writers only to those in Armenia

• Eutychianus, Saint, Pope

  The successor of Pope Felix I. Eutychianus died in 283

• Eutychius

  Melchite Patriarch of Alexandria, author of a history of the world, b. 876, at Fustat (Cairo); d. 11 May, 940

• Eutychius I

  Patriarch of Constantinople, b. about 512, in Phrygia; d. Easter Day, 5 April, 582

• Evagrius

  Church historian (536-594)

• Evagrius

  Short article on this important fourth-century author of ascetical writings

• Evangeliaria

  Liturgical books containing those portions of the Gospels which are read during Mass or in the public offices of the Church

• Evangelical Alliance, The

  An association of Protestants belonging to various denominations founded in 1846

• Evangelical Church

  Almost from the beginning the new Evangelical Church was split, first into two communions, the Lutheran and the Reformed, then into a multitude of sects

• Evangelist

  In the New Testament this word, in its substantive form, occurs only three times: Acts, xxi, 8; Eph., iv, 11; II Tim., iv, 5. It seems to indicate not so much an order in the early ecclesiastical hierarchy as a function

• Evaristus, Pope Saint

  Sometimes called Aristus. Martyr, died about 107

• Eve

  First woman; wife of Adam

• Eve of a Feast

  In the first ages, during the night before every feast, a vigil was kept. In the evening the faithful assembled in the place or church where the feast was to be celebrated and prepared themselves by prayers, readings from Holy Writ (now the Offices of Vespers and Matins), and sometimes also by hearing a sermon

• Evesham Abbey

  Founded by St. Egwin, third Bishop of Worcester, about 701, in Worcestershire, England, and dedicated to the Blessed Virgin

• Evil

  In a large sense, described as the sum of the opposition, which experience shows to exist in the universe, to the desires and needs of individuals; whence arises, among human beings at least, the sufferings in which life abounds

• Evodius

  The first Bishop of Antioch after St. Peter

• Evolution, Catholics and

  Discussed under the headings: (1) Scientific Hypothesis vs. Philosophical Speculation; (2) Theistic vs. Atheistic Theories of Evolution; (3) The Theory of Evolution vs. Darwinism; and (4) Human Evolution vs. Plant and Animal Evolution

• Evolution, History and Scientific Foundation of

  History, definition, and various arguments

• Evora

  Located in Portugal, raised to archiepiscopal rank in 1544, at which time it was given as suffragans Leiria and Portalegre; in 1570 and later were added Sylves, Ceuta, Congo, Santo Thome, Funchal, Cabo Verde, and Angra

• Evreux

  Diocese in the Department of Eure, France; suffragan of the Archbishopric of Rouen

• Ewald, Saints

  Both saints named Ewald (or Hewald)--Ewald the Black and Ewald the Fair--were Northumbrian priests, martyred in Old Saxony about 695

• Ewing, Thomas

  Jurist and statesman, b. in West Liberty, Virginia (now West Virginia), U.S.A., 28 December, 1789; d. at Lancaster, Ohio, 26 October, 1871

• Examination

  A process prescribed or assigned for testing qualification; an investigation, inquiry

• Examiners, Apostolic

  So called because appointed by the Apostolic See for service in Rome. In 1570 Pius V instituted the Apostolic examiners to conduct examinations of candidates for orders and of confessors

• Examiners, Synodal

  The chief purpose of synodal examiners is to conduct competitive examinations or concursus though they may be designated to hold of other examinations

• Exarch

  A title used in various senses both civilly and ecclesiastically

• Excardination and Incardination

  In the ecclesiastical sense the words are used to denote that a given person is freed from the jurisdiction of one bishop and is transferred to that of another

• Ex Cathedra

  Literally 'from the chair', a theological term which signifies authoritative teaching and is more particularly applied to the definitions given by the Roman pontiff

• Exclusion, Right of

  The alleged competence of the more important Catholic countries, Austria, France, and Spain, to indicate to their respective cardinal protector, or cardinal procurator, those members of the Sacred College who were personae minus gratae, so that, if there was a possibility of one of these becoming pope, the authorized cardinal might, before the decisive ballot, give his veto, in the name of his government, against such election

• Excommunication

  Exclusion from the communion, the principal and severest censure, is a medicinal, spiritual penalty that deprives the guilty Christian of all participation in the common blessings of ecclesiastical society

• Exedra

  A semicircular stone or marble seat; a rectangular or semicircular recess; the portico of the Grecian palaestra, or gymnasium, in which disputations of the learned were held among the ancients; also, in private houses, the parastas, or vestibule, used for conversation

• Exegesis, Biblical

  The branch of theology which investigates and expresses the true sense of Sacred Scripture

• Exemption

  The whole or partial release of an ecclesiastical person, corporation, or institution from the authority of the ecclesiastical superior next higher in rank, and the placing of the person or body thus released under the control of the authority next above the former superior, or under a still higher one, or under the highest authority of all, the pope

• Exequatur

  A faculty which civil rulers impart to a Bull, papal Brief, or other ecclesiastical enactment in order to give it binding force in their respective territories

• Exeter, Ancient Diocese of

  English see, chosen by Leofric, Bishop of Crediton, as his cathedral city in 1050

• Exmew, Blessed William

  Carthusian monk and martyr (d. 1535)

• Exodus ( See Pentateuch)

  The name of the first five books of the Old Testament.

• Exorcism

  Exorcism is (1) the act of driving out, or warding off, demons, or evil spirits, from persons, places, or things, which are believed to be possessed or infested by them, or are liable to become victims or instruments of their malice; (2) the means employed for this purpose, especially the solemn and authoritative adjuration of the demon, in the name of God, or any of the higher power in which he is subject

• Exorcist

  (1) In general, any one who exorcises or professes to exorcise demons (cf. Acts 19:13); (2) in particular, one ordained by a bishop for this office, ordination to which is the second of the four minor orders of the Western Church

• Expectation of the Blessed Virgin Mary

  Celebrated on 18 December by nearly the entire Latin Church. Owing to the ancient law of the Church prohibiting the celebration of feasts during Lent (a law still in vigour at Milan), the Spanish Church transferred the feast of the Annunciation from 25 March to the season of Advent, the Tenth Council of Toledo (656) assigning it definitely to 18 December

• Expectative

  An expectative, or an expectative grace, is the anticipatory grant of an ecclesiastical benefice, not vacant at the moment but which will become so, regularly, on the death of its present incumbent

• Extension

  Philosophical term. From Lat. ex-tendere, to spread out

• Extension Society, The Catholic Church

  The first active agitation for a church extension or home mission society for the Catholic Church in North America was begun in 1904 by an article of the present writer, published in the 'American Ecclesiastical Review' (Philadelphia)

• Extravagantes

  This word is employed to designate some papal decretals not contained in certain canonical collections which possess a special authority, i.e. they are not found in the Decree of Gratian or the three official collections of the 'Corpus Juris'

• Exul Hibernicus

  The name given to an Irish stranger on the Continent of Europe in the time of Charles the Great, who wrote poems in Latin, several of which are addressed to the emperor

• Exultet

  The hymn in praise of the paschal candle sung by the deacon, in the liturgy of Holy Saturday

• Exuperius, Saint

  Or Exsuperius. Early fifth-century bishop of Toulouse

• Eyb, Albrecht von

  One of the earliest German humanists, born in 1420 near Ansbach in Franconia; died in 1475

• Eycken, Jean Baptiste van

  Painter, born at Brussels, Belgium, 16 September, 1809; died at Schaerbeek, 19 December, 1853

• Eyck, Hubert and Jan van

  Brothers, Flemish illuminators and painters, founders of the school of Bruges and consequently of all the schools of painting in the North of Europe

• Eymard, Venerable Pierre-Julien

  Biographical article on the French priest and founder

• Eymeric, Nicolas

  Theologian and inquisitor, born at Gerona, in Catalonia, Spain, c. 1320; died there 4 January, 1399

• Eyre, Thomas

  First president of Ushaw College; born at Glossop, Derbyshire; in 1748; died at Ushaw, 8 May, 1810

• Eyston, Charles

  Antiquary, born 1667; died 5 November, 1721; he was a member of the ancient family of Eyston

• Ezechias

  King of Juda, son and successor of Achaz

• Ezekiel

  Son of Buzi, and was one of the priests who, in the year 598 B.C., had been deported together with Joachim as prisoners from Jerusalem

• Eznik

  A writer of the fifth century, born at Golp, in the province of Taikh, a tributary valley of the Chorokh, in Northern Armenia

• Ezzo

  A priest of Bamberg in the eleventh century, author of a famous poem known as the 'Song of the Miracles of Christ'