Libros de los Padres de la Iglesia, Doctores, Santos, Autores notables

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• Aachen

  In French, Aix-la-Chapelle, the name by which the city is generally known; in Latin Aquae Grani, later Aquisgranum

• Aarhus, Ancient See of

  Located in Denmark

• Aaron

  Brother of Moses, and High Priest of the Old Law

• Abachum, Audifax, Martha, and Maris, Saints

  Family martyred at Rome in 270. SS. Maris and Martha were husband and wife

• Abaddon

  A Hebrew word signifying: ruin, destruction (Job 31:12); place of destruction; the Abyss, realm of the dead (Job 26:6; Proverbs 15:11)

• Abandonment

  A term used by writers of ascetical and mystical books to signify the first stage of the union of the soul with God by conforming to His Will

• Abarca, Pedro

  Theologian (1619-1693)

• Abarim

  A mountain range across Jordan

• Abba

  Aramaic word for father

• Abbadie, Antoine d'

  Astronomer, geodetist, genographer, physician, numismatist, philologian (1810-1897)

• Abban of Magheranoidhe, Saint

  Irish monastic founder, d. 620

• Abban of New Ross, Saint

  Contemporary of St. Abban of Magheranoidhe, and often confused with St. Evin of Rosglass

• Abban the Hermit, Saint

  An Irishman who lived at Abingdon, England, before St. Patrick's lifetime

• Abbé

  A French word meaning primarily and strictly an abbot or superior of a monastery of men

• Abbeloos, Jean Baptiste

  Orientalist (1836-1906)

• Abbess

  The female superior in spirituals and temporals of a community of twelve or more nuns

• Abbey

  A monastery canonically erected and autonomous, with a community of not fewer than twelve religious; monks under the government of an abbot; nuns under that of an abbess

• Abbo Cernuus

  French Benedictine monk of St-Germain-des-Pres in Paris, sometimes called Abbo Parisiensis

• Abbon, Saint

  Biographical article on this Benedictine monk, who died in 1004

• Abbot

  A title given to the superior of a community of twelve or more monks

• Abbot, Commendatory

  An ecclesiastic, or sometimes a layman, who holds an abbey in commendam

• Abbot, Henry

  A layman and convert to Catholicism, martyred at York in 1597. Explains the circumstances which led to his martyrdom

• Abbot, Lay

  A name used to designate a layman on whom a king or someone in authority bestowed an abbey as a reward for services rendered

• Abbreviation, Methods of

  Discusses forms used to get the most use from scarce and costly materials

• Abbreviations, Ecclesiastical

  Latin abbreviations commonly seen in documents of the Catholic Church, the full Latin words or phrases, and their English meaning

• Abbreviators

  Those who make an abridgment or abstract of a long writing or discourse

• Abdera

  A titular see in the province of Rhodope on the southern coast of Thrace, now called Bouloustra

• Abdias

  A minor prophet

• Abdias of Babylon

  Apocryphal writer

• Abdication

  Ecclesiastically considered, is the resignation of a benefice or clerical dignity

• Abdon and Sennen, Saints

  Persian martyrs in the Decian persecution. Died in about 250

• Abduction

  May be considered as a public crime and a matrimonial diriment impediment

• Abecedaria

  Complete or partial lists of letters of the alphabet, chiefly Greek and Latin, inscribed on ancient monuments, Pagan and Christian

• Abecedarians

  A sect of Anabaptists who disdained human knowledge, contending that God would enlighten His elect interiorly and give them knowledge of necessary truths by visions and ecstasies

• Abel

  Commentary on the first murder victim

• Abel

  Biblical place-name

• Abelard, Peter

  Dialectician, philosopher, and theologian (1079-1142)

• Abel, Blessed Thomas

  Biography of the priest and martyr, chaplain to Catherine of Aragon

• Abelly, Louis

  Associate of St. Vincent de Paul (1603-1691)

• Abenakis

  A confederation of Algonquin tribes, comprising the Penobscots, Passamaquoddies, Norridgewocks, and others, formerly occupying what is now Maine, and southern New Brunswick

• Aben-Ezra, Abraham-ben-Méir

  Spanish rabbi (1092-1167)

• Abercius, Inscription of

  A Greek hagiographical text

• Abercromby, John

  Named as having lost his life from Catholic clergy violence

• Abercromby, Robert

  Jesuit missionary in Scotland (1532-1613)

• Aberdeen, The Diocese of

  A see founded in 1063 at Mortlach by Bl. Beyn

• Aberdeen, The University of

  Founder William Elphinstone, Bishop of Aberdeen from 1483 to 1514

• Aberle, Moritz von

  Catholic theologian (1819-1875)

• Abgar, The Legend of

  Concerns a correspondence that took place between God and the local potentate at Edessa

• Abiathar

  Hebrew ebhyathar, Father of plenty, or, the great one is father

• Abila

  A titular see of Phoenicia

• Abingdon, The Abbey of

  Located in the County of Berkshire, England, founded A.D. 675

• Abington, Thomas

  English antiquarian (1560-1647)

• Abiogenesis and Biogenesis

  According to their Greek derivation these two terms refer to the origin of life

• Abipones

  Indian tribe, linguistically of Guaycuru stock

• Abisai

  Nephew of King David

• Abjuration

  A denial, disavowal, or renunciation under oath

• Abner

  A son of Ner, a cousin of Saul, and commander-in-chief of Saul's army

• Abomination of Desolation, The

  Spoken of in St. Matthew, xxiv, 15, and St. Mark, xiii, 14

• Abortion

  Briefly defined as 'the loss of a fetal life.'

• Abortion, Physical Effects of

  Covers definition, causes, and physical effects

• Abrabanel, Don Isaac

  Jewish statesman, apologist and exegete (1437-1508)

• Abra de Raconis, Charles François d'

  French bishop, born at the Chateau de Raconis in 1580 of a Calvinistic family; died 1646

• Abraham

  Outline of his life, with New and Old Testament views

• Abraham a Sancta Clara

  A Discalced Augustinian friar, preacher, and author of popular books of devotion (1644-1709)

• Abraham Ecchelensis

  A learned Maronite, born in Hekel, or Ecchel (hence his surname), a village on Mount Lebanon, in 1600; died 1664 in Rome

• Abraham (in Liturgy)

  Of all the names used, a special prominence accrues to those of Abel, Melchisedech, and Abraham

• Abrahamites

  Syrian heretics of the ninth century

• Abraham, The Bosom of

  Found only in two verses of St. Luke's Gospel (xvi, 22, 23)

• Abram, Nicholas

  Jesuit theologian (1589-1655)

• Abrasax

  A class of ancient stone articles, of small dimensions, inscribed with outlandish figures and formulas

• Absalom

  Article covers Absalom, son of David; Absalom, father of Mathathias; and Absalom, father of Jonathan

• Absalon of Lund

  A Danish prelate, also known as Axel (1128-1201)

• Absinthe

  Wormwood, known for its repulsive bitterness

• Absolute, The

  Philosophical term referring to God

• Absolution

  The remission of sin, or of the punishment due to sin, granted by the Church

• Abstemii

  One who cannot take wine without risk of vomiting

• Abstinence

  Includes information about old and new testament fasting as well as church laws

• Abstinence, Physical Effects of

  Article deals with effects due to partial or periodic abstinence, such as practiced by the Catholic Church

• Abstraction

  A process (or a faculty) by which the mind selects for consideration some one of the attributes of a thing to the exclusion of the rest

• Abthain

  An English or Lowland Scotch form of the middle-Latin word abthania (Gaelic, abdhaine), meaning abbacy

• Abucara, Theodore

  A bishop of Caria in Syria; d., probably, in 770

• Abundius

  An Italian bishop, b. at Thessalonica early in the fifth century; d. 469

• Abydus

  A titular see of Troas in Asia Minor, suffragan of Cyzicus in the Hellespontic province

• Abyss

  Primarily and classically an adjective, very deep

• Abyssinia

  Provides details on the geography, ethnology, political revolutions, as well as church information

• Acacia

  The Biblical Acacia belongs to the genus Mimosa

• Acacians, The

  Fourth-century Arian sect

• Acacius

  Bishop of Beroea (322-432)

• Acacius

  Bishop of Caesarea in Palestine, disciple and biographer of Eusebius, the historian, whose successor in the See of Caesarea he became in 340

• Acacius

  Patriarch of Constantinople (d. 489)

• Acacius, Saint

  Bishop of Melitene in the third century

• Academies, Roman

  Historical and bibliographical notes concerning the more important of these associations of learned men

• Academy, The French

  Founded by Cardinal de Richelieu in 1635

• Acadia

  Usually regarded as the small district on the south shore of the Bay of Fundy from Annapolis to the Basin of Minas

• Acanthus

  A titular see of Macedonia, on the Strymonic Gulf, now known as Erisso

• Acanthus

  An ornamental plant indigenous to middle Europe

• Acathistus

  The title of a certain hymn or, an Office in the Greek Liturgy in honour of the Mother of God

• Accaron

  The most northern of the five principal Philistine cities

• Acca, Saint

  Bishop of Hexham, companion of St. Wilfrid. Acca died in about 742

• Accentus Ecclesiasticus

  Parts of the liturgy the priest, or the deacon, or subdeacon, or the acolyte sang alone

• Acceptance

  In canon law, the act by which one receives a thing with approbation or satisfaction

• Acceptants

  Those Jansenists who accepted the Bull Unigenitus, issued in 1713 against the Jansenist doctrines

• Accession

  Method of acquiring ownership of a thing arising from the fact that it is in some way added to, or is the fruit of something already belonging to oneself

• Accessus

  A term applied to the voting in conclave for the election of a pope, by which a cardinal changes his vote and accedes to some other candidate

• Acciajuoli

  Three cardinals belonging to an illustrious Florentine family, Angelo, Niccolo, and Filippo

• Accident

  The obvious division of things into the stable and the unstable

• Acclamation

  Used in the classical Latin of Republican Rome as a general term for any manifestation of popular feeling expressed by a shout

• Acclamation (in Papal Elections)

  One of the forms of papal election. Consists of all the cardinals present unanimously proclaiming one of the candidates Supreme Pontiff, without the formality of casting votes

• Accommodation, Biblical

  Covers what is meant by biblical accommodation, its use in Sacred Scripture, and the rules which ought to regulate its use

• Accomplice

  A term generally employed to designate a partner in some form of evildoing

• Accursius, Francesco

  Covers an Italian jurisconsult of the Middle Ages, (1182-1260) and his son, also a lawyer, (1225-1293)

• Acephali

  A term applied to the Eutychians who withdrew from Peter Mongus, the Monophysite Patriarch of Alexandria, in 482

• Acerenza

  Italian archdiocese

• Achab

  Son of Amri and King of Israel

• Achaia

  The name, before the Roman conquest in 146 B.C., of a strip of land between the gulf of Corinth and Elis and Arcadia, embracing twelve cities leagued together

• Achaicus

  A Christian mentioned in St. Paul's epistles

• Achaz

  King of Judah

• Achéry, Lucas d'

  French Benedictine (1609-1685)

• Achiacharus

  Nephew of Tobias

• Achilleus and Nereus, Domitilla and Pancratius, Saints

  Roman martyrs who shared a feast day on 12 May

• Achimaas

  Son of Sadoc, the priest

• Achimelech

  Four people with this name are detailed

• Achitopel

  Counsellor of David, who joined the rebellion of Absalom

• Achonry

  Diocese in Ireland, suffragan to the Archdiocese of Tuam

• Achor Valley

  The scene of the death of the 'troubler' Achan

• Achrida

  A titular see in Upper Albania

• Achterfeldt, Johann Heinrich

  Theologian (1788-1877)

• Achtermann, Theodore William

  German sculptor (1799-1889)

• Acidalius, Valens

  Philologist, Latin poet, and convert to the Catholic Church (1567-1595)

• Aci-Reale, The Diocese of

  Located in Sicily; includes fourteen communes in the civil province of Catania, immediately subject to Rome

• Ackermann, Leopold

  Catholic professor of exegesis (1771-1831)

• Acmonia

  A titular see of Phrygia Pacatiana, in Asia Minor, now known as Ahat-Keui

• Acoemetae

  Either, an appellation common to all Eastern ascetics known by the rigour of their vigils; or, a special order of Greek or Basilian monks devoting themselves to prayer and praise without intermission

• Acolouthia

  In ecclesiastical terminology signifies the order or arrangement of the divine office and also, in a wide sense, the office itself

• Acolyte

  A cleric promoted to the fourth and highest minor order in the Latin Church, ranking next to a subdeacon

• Acosta, Joaquín

  Served in the Colombian army and in 1834 attempted a scientific survey of the country between Socorro and the Magdalena River

• Acosta, José de

  Founded a number of colleges, among them those of Arequipa, Potose, Chuquisaca, Panama, and La Paz

• Acquapendente

  A diocese in Italy under the immediate jurisdiction of the Holy See, comprising seven towns of the Province of Rome

• Acquaviva

  Name of several Italian cardinals

• Acquaviva, Claudius

  Fifth General of the Society of Jesus (1543-1615)

• Acqui

  A diocese suffragan of Turin, Italy

• Acre

  Syrian seaport on the Mediterranean

• Acre

  Also called Saint-Jean d'Acre

• Acrostic

  A poem the initial or final letters of whose verses form certain words or sentences

• Acta Pilati

  The Gospel of Nicodemus

• Acta Sanctæ Sedis

  A publication containing the principal public documents issued by the Pope, directly or through the Roman Congregations

• Acta Sanctorum Hiberniæ

  Abbreviated title of a celebrated work on the Irish saints by the Franciscan, John Colgan

• Acta Triadis Thaumaturgæ

  The lives of St. Patrick, St. Brigid, and St. Columba; published at Louvain, in 1647, by John Colgan

• Act of Settlement (Irish)

  1662 act passed by the Irish Parliament to bring in Protestant settlers in Munster, Leinster, and Ulster

• Acton, Charles Januarius

  English cardinal (1803-1847)

• Acton, John

  English canonist, born 1350

• Acton, John Emerich Edward Dalberg, Baron Acton

  Biography of the historian best-known for his view of the corruption power causes

• Acton, John Francis Edward

  Sixth Baronet of the name (1736-1811)

• Acts, Canonical

  Derive their name from connection with ecclesiastical procedure

• Acts, Human

  St. Thomas and the scholastics in general regard only the free and deliberate acts of the will as human

• Acts, Indifferent

  An act that is neither good nor bad

• Acts of Roman Congregations

  A term used to designate the documents issued by the Roman Congregations

• Acts of the Apostles

  The fifth book of the New Testament

• Acts of the Martyrs

  Records of the trials of early Christian martyrs made by the notaries of the court

• Actual Grace

  A grace that is given for the performance of salutary acts and is present and disappears with the action itself

• Actus et Potentia

  A technical expression in scholastic phraseology used to translate Aristotle's energeia or entelecheia, and dynamis

• Actus primus

  A technical expression used in scholastic philosophy

• Actus Purus

  A term employed in scholastic philosophy to express the absolute perfection of God

• Acuas

  One of the first to spread Manicheism in the Christian Orient

• Adalard, Saint

  Grandson of Charles Martel. Adalard was abbot of Corbie, and Pepin's prime minister. He died in 827

• Adalbert

  Archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen; born about 1000; died 1072

• Adalbert I

  Archbishop of Mainz (Mayence) 1111 to 1137

• Adalbert, Saint

  Apostle of the Slavs. Monk, missionary to Russia, abbot, and bishop of Magdeburg, d. 981

• Adalbert, Saint

  Apostle of Prussia. Bishop of Prague, forced to flee his see. Missionary to the Hungarians and Poles. He was murdered in 997

• Adam

  First man and father of the human race

• Adami da Bolsena, Andrea

  Italian musician (1663-1742)

• Adam in Early Christian Liturgy and Literature

  Discusses his importance to the Fathers and to the authors of the many apocryphal writings of the first five centuries of the Christian Era

• Adamites

  An obscure sect, dating perhaps from the second century, which professed to have regained Adam's primeval innocence

• Adam, John

  Preacher and opponent of Calvinists and Jansenists

• Adamnan, Saint

  Irish-born abbot of Iona, and St. Columba's biographer

• Adam, Nicholas

  French linguist and writer (1716-1792)

• Adam of Bremen

  A German historian and geographer of the eleventh century

• Adam of Fulda

  A monk of Franconia and one of the most learned musicians of his age

• Adam of Murimuth

  An English chronicler of about the middle of the fourteenth century

• Adam of Perseigne

  French Cistercian, Abbot of the monastery of Perseigne in the Diocese of Mans, born about the middle of the twelfth century

• Adam of St. Victor

  A prolific writer of Latin Hymns, born in the latter part of the twelfth century

• Adam of Usk

  An English priest, canonist, and chronicler

• Adam Scotus

  A theologian and Church historian of the latter part of the twelfth century

• Adams, James

  Jesuit professor of humanities (1737-1802)

• Adams, Ven. John

  A convert to Catholicism, he was martyred at Tyburn in 1586

• Adam, The Books of

  A romance made up of Oriental fables

• Adana

  A diocese of Armenian rite in Asia Minor

• Ad Apostolicae Dignitatis Apicem

  Apostolic letter issued against Emperor Frederick II by Pope Innocent IV

• Adar

  Four meanings detailed

• Adauctus and Felix, Saints

  Martyrs at Rome in 303. 'Adauctus' is not the second martyr's proper name--it means 'added.'

• Adda, Ferdinando d'

  Cardinal and Papal Legate (1649-1719)

• Addai, Doctrine of

  Syriac document which relates the conversion of Edessa

• Addas

  One of the three original disciples of Manes

• Addeus and Maris, Liturgy of

  Oriental liturgy, sometimes assigned to the Syrian group; sometimes to the Persian group

• Addresses, Ecclesiastical

  Rules as to what is fitting and customary in the matter of ecclesiastical correspondence

• Adelaide, Archdiocese of

  Centered in Adelaide, capital of South Australia

• Adelaide, Saint

  Abbess, renowned for having the gift of miracles, d. 1015

• Adelaide, Saint

  Or Adelheid. The widow of Otho, she died in 999

• Adelard of Bath

  Twelfth-century scholastic philosopher

• Adelham, John Placid

  Convert from Protestantism (d. 1681)

• Adelmann

  Eleventh-century Bishop of Brescia

• Adelophagi

  Fourth-century sect mentioned by the anonymous author known as Praedestinatus

• Aden

  It comprises all Arabia, and is known as the Vicariate Apostolic of Arabia and Aden

• Adeodatus

  Son of St. Augustine (372-388)

• Adeodatus (II), Pope Saint

  Brief article on this Roman monk, opponent of Monothelitism, d. 676. Called Adeodatus II to distinguish him from his predecessor St. Deusdedit, who is also called Adeodatus

• Adeodatus I, Pope Saint

  Also known as Pope Adeodatus I, d. 618

• Adeste Fidelis

  A hymn used at Benediction at Christmastide in France and England since the close of the eighteenth century

• Adjuration

  An urgent demand made upon another to do something, or to desist from doing something, which is rendered more solemn by coupling with it the name of God

• Ad Limina Apostolorum

  A pilgrimage to the sepulchres of St. Peter and St. Paul at Rome

• Ad Limina Visit

  The obligation incumbent on certain members of the hierarchy of visiting, the 'thresholds of the Apostles', Sts. Peter and Paul, and of presenting themselves before the pope to give an account of the state of their dioceses

• Administrator

  Includes details on administrators of dioceses, parishes, and ecclesiastical institutions

• Administrator (of Ecclesiastical Property)

  One charged with the care of church property

• Admonitions, Canonical

  A preliminary means used by the Church towards a suspected person, as a preventive of harm or a remedy of evil

• Admont

  A Benedictine abbey in Styria, Austro-Hungary

• Adonai

  Hebrew meaning 'lord, ruler', a name bestowed upon God in the Old Testament

• Adonias

  Fourth son of King David, and Adonias the Levite are discussed

• Ado of Vienne, Saint

  Benedictine monk, pilgrim, scholar, pastor, Archbishop of Vienne, d. 875

• Adoption

  Adoption, as defined in canon law, is foreign to the Bible

• Adoption, Canonical

  The Church made its own the Roman law of adoption, with its legal consequences

• Adoptionism

  The theory that the man Jesus at some point in time became the Son of God only by adoption. Strictly speaking, refers to an eighth-century Spanish heresy, but the term is also used to cover similar beliefs

• Adoption, Supernatural

  The adoption of man by God in virtue of which we become His sons and heirs

• Adoration

  In the strict sense, an act of religion offered to God in acknowledgment of His supreme perfection and dominion, and of the creature's dependence upon Him

• Adoration, Perpetual

  A term broadly used to designate the practically uninterrupted adoration of the Blessed Sacrament

• Adorno, Francis

  Italian preacher (1531-1586)

• Adoro Te Devote

  A hymn sometimes styled Rhythmus, or Oratio, S. Thomae (sc. Aquinatis) written c. 1260

• Adria

  An Italian bishopric, suffragan to Venice

• Adrian III, Pope Saint

  Short article on this pope, a Roman, who died in 885

• Adrian II, Pope

  Reigned 867-872

• Adrian I, Pope

  Reigned 772-95

• Adrian IV, Pope

  Reigned 1154-1159

• Adrian of Canterbury, Saint

  African-born Benedictine abbot, d. 710

• Adrian of Castello

  Italian prelate distinguished as a statesman and reviver of learning; born about 1460, died about 1521

• Adrianople

  According to legend, Orestes, son of Agamemnon, built this city at the confluence of the Tonsus (Toundja) and the Ardiscus (Arda) with the Hebrus (Maritza)

• Adrian VI, Pope

  Reigned 1522-1523

• Adrian V, Pope

  A Genoese, and nephew of Innocent IV. He was elected at Viterbo 12 July 1276, but died 18 August

• Adrichem, Christian Kruik van

  Catholic priest and theological writer (1533-1585)

• Ad Sanctam Beati Petri Sedem

  Summarizes this intervention in the Jansenist controversy by Pope Alexander VII

• Adso

  Abbot of the Cluniac monastery of Moutier-en-Der, d. 992, on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem

• Aduarte, Diego Francisco

  Missionary and historian (1566-1635)

• Adullam

  Details on two places with this name

• Adulteration of Food

  This act is defined as the addition of any non-condimental substance to a food

• Adultery

  The article considers adultery with reference only to morality

• Ad Universalis Ecclesiae

  A papal constitution dealing with admission to religious orders

• Advent

  According to 1907 usage, a period beginning with the Sunday nearest to the feast of St. Andrew the Apostle and embracing four Sundays

• Adventists

  A group of six American Protestant sects which hold in common a belief in the near return of Christ in person

• Advertisements, Book of

  A series of enactments concerning ecclesiastical matters, drawn up by Matthew Parker, Archbishop of Canterbury (1559-75)

• Advocates of Roman Congregations

  Persons, ecclesiastical or lay, versed in canon and civil law, who plead causes before the ecclesiastical tribunals in Rome

• Advocates of St. Peter

  A body of jurists constituting a society whose statutes were confirmed by a brief of Leo XIII, 5 July, 1878

• Advocatus Diaboli

  A title given to an officer of the Sacred Congregation of Rites, established in 1587, by Sixtus V, to deal juridically with processes of beatification and canonization

• Advocatus Ecclesiæ

  A name applied, in the Middle Ages, to certain lay persons, generally of noble birth, whose duty it was, under given conditions, to represent a particular church or monastery, and to defend its rights against force

• Advowson

  In English law the right of patronage of a church or ecclesiastical benefice, a right exercised by nomination of a clergyman to such church or other benefice

• Adytum

  A secret chamber or place of retirement in the ancient temples, and esteemed the most sacred spot; the innermost sanctuary or shrine

• Aedan of Ferns, Saint

  Bishop and patron of Ferns, Ireland (550-632)

• Aedh of Kildare

  Sixth-century King of Leinster, Ireland

• Aegidius of Assisi, Blessed

  Better known in English as Brother Giles. One of the first followers of St. Francis of Assisi, he died in 1262

• Aegidius of Viterbo

  Cardinal, theologian, orator, humanist, and poet, born at Viterbo, Italy; died at Rome, 1532

• Aelfred the Great

  King of the West Saxons (849-899)

• Aelfric, Abbot of Eynsham

  The author of the homilies in Anglo-Saxon, a translator of Holy Scripture, and a writer upon many miscellaneous subjects

• Aelnoth

  Monk and biographer, of whom nothing is known except his Life of St. Canute the Martyr, written in 1109

• Aelred, Saint

  Cistercian abbot, homilist, spiritual writer, d. 1166 or 1167

• Aengus, Saint (the Culdee)

  Irish hermit, hagiographer, poet, late eighth century

• Aenon

  Mentioned in John 3:23, as the locality where the forerunner of Christ baptized

• Aeons

  The term appropriated by Gnostic heresiarchs to designate the series of spiritual powers evolved by progressive emanation from the eternal Being

• Aër

  The largest and outer-most covering of the chalice and paten in the Greek church, corresponding to the veil in the Latin rite

• Aërius of Pontus

  A friend and fellow ascetic of Eustathius, who became Bishop of Sebaste (355), and who ordained Aërius and placed him over the hospital or asylum in that city

• Aëtius

  A Roman general, patrician, and consul, b. towards the end of the fourth century; d. 454

• Affinity (in Canon Law)

  A relationship arising from the carnal intercourse of a man and a woman, sufficient for the generation of children, whereby the man becomes related to the woman's blood-relatives and the woman to the man's

• Affinity (in the Bible)

  Scripture recognizes affinity as an impediment to wedlock

• Affirmation

  A solemn declaration accepted in legal procedure in lieu of the requisite oath

• Afflighem

  Benedictine abbey in Belgium

• Affre, Denis Auguste

  Archbishop of Paris (1793-1848)

• Afonzo de Albuquerque

  Second son of Gonzallo de Albuquerque, lord of Villaverde

• Afra, Saint

  Martyred at Augsburg in the Diocletian persecution (c. 304) for refusing to participate in pagan rites

• Africa

  This name, which is of Phoenician origin, was at first given by the Romans to the territory about the city of Carthage

• African Church, Early

  The name given to the Christian communities inhabiting the region known politically as Roman Africa

• African Liturgy

  In use not only in the old Roman province of Africa of which Carthage was the capital, but also in Numidia and Mauretania

• African Synods

  Commonly called African or Carthaginian Synods

• Agabus

  Mentioned in Acts 11:28, and 21:10, as a prophet of the New Testament

• Agape

  Under certain circumstances the agape and the Eucharist appear to form parts of a single liturgical function

• Agapetæ

  Virgins who consecrated themselves to God with a vow of chastity and associated with laymen

• Agapetus

  Fifth-century deacon of the church of Sancta Sophia at Constantinople, reputed tutor of Justinian

• Agapetus II, Pope

  Reigned 946-955

• Agapetus I, Pope Saint

  Anti-Arian, instrumental in deposing a Monophysite bishop who had moreover abandoned his see, d. 536

• Agar, William Seth

  English Canon (1815-1872)

• Agathangelus

  A supposed secretary of Tiridates II, King of Armenia, under whose name there has come down a life of the first apostle of Armenia, Gregory the Illuminator, who died about 332

• Agatha, Saint

  Virgin and martyr, died at Catania in Sicily, probably in the Decian persecution (250-253)

• Agathias

  A Byzantine historian and man of letters, born at Myrina in Asia Minor about 536

• Agatho, Pope Saint

  Short article on St. Agatho the Wonderworker, a Sicilian believed to have been over 100 years old at the time of his election. He died in 681

• Agaunum

  In the diocese of Sion, Switzerland, owes its fame to an event related by St. Eucherius, Bishop of Lyons, the martyrdom of a Roman legion, known as the 'Theban Legion', at the beginning of the fourth century

• Agazzari, Agostini

  A musical composer, born 2 December 1578, of a noble family of Sienna; died probably 10 April, 1640

• Agde, Council of

  Held in 506 at Agatha or Agde in Languedoc, under the presidency of St. Caesarius of Arles

• Age, Canonical

  Fixed by the canons, or law of the Church, at which her subjects become capable of incurring certain obligations, enjoying special privileges, embracing special states of life, holding office or dignity, or receiving the sacraments

• Agen, Diocese of

  Comprises the Department of Lot and Garonne

• Agents of Roman Congregations

  Persons whose business it is to look after the affairs of their patrons at the Roman Curia

• Age of Reason

  The name given to that period of human life at which persons are deemed to begin to be morally responsible

• Aggeus

  The tenth among the minor prophets of the Old Testament

• Aggressor, Unjust

  According to the accepted teaching of theologians, it is lawful, in the defense of life or limb, of property of some importance, and of chastity, to repel violence with violence, even to the extent of killing an unjust assailant

• Agiles, Raymond d'

  A chronicler and canon of Puy-en-Velay, France, toward the close of the eleventh century

• Agilulfus, Saint

  Biography of the abbot of Stavelot, bishop of Cologne, martyred in 750

• Agios O Theos

  The opening words in Greek of an invocation, or doxology, or hymn for it may properly receive any of these titles which in the Roman Liturgy is sung during the Improperia, or 'Reproaches' at the ceremony of the Adoration of the Cross, on Good Friday

• Agnelli, Fra. Guglielmo

  Sculptor and architect (1238-1313)

• Agnelli, Giuseppe

  Chiefly known for his catechetical and devotional works (1621-1706)

• Agnellus, Andreas, of Ravenna

  Historian of that church, b. 805; the date of his death is unknown, but was probably about 846

• Agnellus of Pisa, Blessed

  Deacon, founder of the English Franciscan Province, d. 1236

• Agnesi, Maria Gaetana

  An Italian woman of remarkable intellectual gifts and attainments. Member of the Blue Nuns in Milan (1718-1799)

• Agnes of Assisi, Saint

  Brief biography of the younger sister of St. Clare, and prioress of the Poor Clares at Monticelli

• Agnes of Bohemia, Blessed

  Also called Agnes of Prague. Poor Clare, prioress

• Agnes of Montepulciano, Saint

  Entered the convent at the age of 9, commissioned by the pope to found a monastery at the age of 13 (and 2 years later she was made its superior), also founded a Dominican convent, d. 1317

• Agnes of Rome, Saint and Martyr

  Virgin, martyred at the age of 12 or 13, revered since at least the mid-fourth century

• Agnetz

  The Slavonic word for the square portion of bread cut from the first loaf in the preparation for Mass according to the Greek rite

• Agnoetae

  The name given to those who denied the omniscience either of God or of Christ

• Agnosticism

  A philosophical theory of the limitations of knowledge, professing doubt of or disbelief in some or all of the powers of knowing possessed by the human mind

• Agnus Dei

  The name given to certain discs of wax impressed with the figure of a lamb and blessed at stated seasons by the Pope

• Agnus Dei (in Liturgy)

  A name given to the formula recited thrice by the priest at Mass in the Roman rite

• Agonistici

  One of the names given by the Donatists to those of their followers who went through cities and villages to disseminate the doctrine of Donatus

• Agony, Archconfraternity of Holy

  An association for giving special honour to the mental sufferings of Christ during His Agony in the Garden of Gethsemani

• Agony of Christ

  The word is used only once in Sacred Scripture (Luke 22:43) to designate the anguish of Our Lord in the Garden of Gethsemani

• Agostini, Paolo

  Italian composer (1593-1629)

• Agostino Novello, Blessed

  Counselor to the King of Sicily, joined the Augustinians, renowned for his knowledge of civil and ecclesiastical law, served as the pope's confessor, was General of his Order

• Agoult, Charles Consstance César Joseph Matthieu d'

  A French prelate, born at Grenoble, 1747; died at Paris, 1824

• Agra

  Archdiocese situated in British India

• Agram

  Archiepiscopal see of the ancient kingdom of Croatia, in Austria, founded towards the end of the eleventh century as a suffragan of Kalocsa in Hungary, and made an archdiocese in 1852

• Agrapha

  Term for alleged sayings of Jesus, found in ancient Christian writings, not included in the canonical Gospels

• Agrarianism

  Theories and movements intended to benefit the poorer classes of society by dealing in some way with the ownership of land or the legal obligations of the cultivators

• Agreda, Maria de

  Franciscan mystic (1602-1665)

• Agria

  An archiepiscopal see of Hungary, founded in 1009, and made an archdiocese in 1304, by Pius VII

• Agricius, Saint

  Fourth-century bishop of Trier

• Agricola, Alexander

  Biography of the composer, mentioning the possibility of unpublished manuscripts still in Spanish libraries

• Agricola, George

  Physician, mineralogist, historian, and controversialist (1494-1555)

• Agricola, Rudolph

  Humanist of the earlier period, and a promoter of the study of the classics in Germany, born in 1442, or 1443, at Bafflo, near Groningen, Holland; died at Heidelberg, 28 October, 1485

• Agrippa of Nettesheim, Heinrich Cornelius

  Described as a 'knight, doctor, and by common reputation, a magician'

• Agrippinus

  Bishop of Carthage at the close of the second and beginning of the third century

• Aguas Calientes

  A Mexican see dependent on Guadalaxara; erected by Leo XIII

• Aguirre, Joseph Saenz de

  Cardinal, and learned Spanish Benedictine; born at Logro o, in Old Castile, 24 March, 1630; died 19 August, 1699

• Ahicam

  A high court official under Josias and his two sons, who protected Jeremias from the fury of the populace

• Ahriman and Ormuzd

  The modern Persian forms of Anro-Mainyus and Ahura Mazda, the Evil Spirit and the Good Spirit

• Aiblinger, Johann Caspar

  Composer (1779-1867)

• Aichinger, Gregor

  Organist and composer of sacred music, born probably at Ratisbon in 1565; died at Augsburg, 21 January, 1628

• Aidan of Lindisfarne, Saint

  Irish monk, first bishop of Lindisfarne, d. 651

• Aiguillon, Duchess of

  Marie de Vignerot de Pontcourlay, Marquise of Combalet and Duchesse d'Aiguillon; niece of Cardinal Richelieu. Born 1604; died at Paris, 1675

• Aikenhead, Mary

  Foundress of the Irish Sisters of Charity (1787-1858)

• Ailbe, Saint

  A disciple of St. Patrick and bishop of Emly, died in the first half of the sixth century

• Aileran, Saint

  Irishman, rector of the School of Clonard, distinguished scholar and author, d. 664

• Ailleboust, Family of d'

  Details for three family members

• Ailly, Pierre d'

  French theologian and philosopher, bishop and cardinal, born 1350 at Compiegne; died probably 1420 at Avignon

• Aimerich, Mateo

  Spanish Jesuit philologist (1715-1799)

• Aire

  Diocese in France

• Airoli, Giacomo Maria

  Jesuit Orientalist and Scriptural commentator (1660-1721)

• Aisle

  In architecture, one of the lateral or longitudinal divisions of a church, separated from the nave by rows of piers, pillars, or columns

• Aistulph

  King of the Lombards (d. 756)

• Aix, Archdiocese of

  Includes the districts of Aix and Arles (Department of the Bouches-du-Rhone)

• Aix-en-Provence, Councils of

  Councils were held at Aix in 1112, 1374, 1409, 1585, 1612, 1838, and 1850

• Ajaccio, Diocese of

  Comprises the island of Corsica

• Akhmin

  A city of Upper Egypt, situated on the banks of the Nile

• Akominatos, Michael & Nicetas

  Two famous Greeks of the later Byzantine period

• Alabama

  The twenty-second state admitted into the union

• Alabanda

  A titular see of Caria in Asia Minor, supposed to be the present Arab-Hissar

• Alabaster

  The substance commonly known as alabaster is a fine-grained variety of gypsum. Oriental alabaster, the alabastrites of the classical writers, is a translucent marble obtained from stalagmitic deposits

• Alagoas

  A South American diocese, in eastern Brazil, dependent on Bahia

• Alagona, Pietro

  Theologian (1549-1624)

• Alain de l'Isle

  Monk, poet, preacher, theologian, and eclectic philosopher (1128-1203)

• Alalis

  Titular see of Phoenicia from 325 to 451

• Alaman, Lucas

  Mexican statesman and historian (1792-1853)

• Alamanni, Niccolò

  Roman antiquary (1583-1626)

• Alan of Tewkesbury

  Benedictine abbot and writer (d. 1202)

• Alan of Walsingham

  Architect (d. 1364)

• Alanus de Rupe

  Dominican promoter of the Rosary (1428-1475)

• Alarcón, Pedro Antonio de

  Spanish novelist and poet (1833-1891)

• Alaska

  The first knowledge of Alaska was acquired in 1741 through the expedition under Vitus Bering, a Dane in the Russian service, who sailed from Okhoysk

• Alatri

  An Italian bishopric under the immediate jurisdiction of the Holy See, comprising seven towns in the Province of Rome

• Alb

  A white linen vestment with close fitting sleeves, reaching nearly to the ground and secured round the waist by a girdle

• Albanenses

  Manichaean heretics who lived in Albania, probably about the eighth century

• Albani

  Italian family said to be descended from Albanian refugees of the fifteenth century. Includes information on six family members

• Albania

  The ancient Epirus and Illyria, is the most western land occupied by the Turks in Europe

• Albano

  A suburban see, comprising seven towns in the Province of Rome

• Alban, Saint

  First martyr of Britain, d. about 304. Biographical article

• Albany

  Diocese comprising the entire counties of Albany, Columbia, Delaware, Fulton, Greene, Montgomery, Otsego, Rensselaer, Saratoga, Schenectady, Schoharie, Warren, Washington, and that part of Herkimer and Hamilton counties south of the northern line of the townships of Ohio and Russia, Benson and Hope, in the State of New York

• Alba Pompeia, Diocese of

  Comprises eighty towns in the province of Cuneo and two in the province of Alexandria, in Italy

• Albenga

  Diocese comprising seventy-nine towns in the province of Port Maurice and forth-five in the province of Genoa, suffragan to the Archdiocese of Genoa, Italy

• Albergati, Niccolo

  Cardinal and Bishop of Bologna (1357-1443)

• Alberic of Monte Cassino

  Benedictine, died 1088

• Alberic of Ostia

  Benedictine monk and Cardinal-Bishop of Ostia (1080-1147)

• Albero de Montreuil

  Archbishop, of Trier born about 1080; died 1152

• Alberoni, Giulio

  Cardinal and statesman (1664-1752)

• Alberta and Saskatchewan

  The twin provinces of the Canadian West, so called because they were formed on the same day

• Albert Berdini of Sarteano, Blessed

  Short biography of the Franciscan famed as a preacher

• Albert, Bishop of Riga

  Bishop of Riga, Apostle of Livonia, d. 17 January, 1229

• Albert, Blessed (Patriarch of Jerusalem)

  Canon regular, papal legate, and Patriarch of Jerusalem. He was assassinated in 1215

• Albert II, Archbishop of Magdeburg in Saxony

  Eighteenth Archbishop of Magdeburg in Saxony, date of birth unknown; d. 1232

• Alberti, Leandro

  Historian, born at Bologna in 1479; died same place, probably in 1552

• Alberti, Leone Battista

  Florentine ecclesiastic and artist of the fifteenth century

• Albertini, Nicolò

  Medieval statesman, died 1321

• Albert of Aachen

  A chronicler of the First Crusade

• Albert of Brandenburg

  Cardinal and Elector of the Holy Roman Empire (1490-1545)

• Albert of Castile

  Historian, born about 1460; died 1522

• Albert of Saxony

  Fourteenth-century philosopher

• Albert of Stade

  Thirteenth-century chronicler

• Albertrandi, John Baptist

  A Polish Jesuit, of Italian extraction, born at Warsaw, 7 December, 1731; died August, 1808

• Albert, Saint

  Cardinal, bishop of Liege, martyred in 1192 or 1193

• Albert the Great, Saint

  Called 'the Universal Doctor.' Dominican scientist, philosopher, theologian, instructor of St. Thomas Aquinas

• Albi (Albia), Archdiocese of

  Comprises the Department of the Tarn

• Albi, Council of

  Held in 1254 by St. Louis on his return from a Crusade

• Albicus, Sigismund

  Archbishop of Prague (1347-1427)

• Albigenses

  A neo-Manichaean sect that flourished in southern France in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries

• Albi, Juan de

  A Spanish Carthusian of the Convent Val-Christ, near Segovia, date of birth uncertain; died 27 December, 1591

• Albinus

  A scholarly English monk, pupil of Archbishop Theodore, and of Abbot Adrian of St. Peter's, Canterbury, contemporary of Saint Bede (673-735)

• Albrechtsberger, Johann G.

  Master of musical theory, and teacher of Hummel and Beethoven (1736-1809)

• Albright Brethren, The

  A body of American Christians chiefly of German descent, founded, in 1800, by the Rev. Jacob Albright, a native of Pennsylvania (1759-1808)

• Alcalá, University of

  Had its inception in the thirteenth century, when Sancho IV, conceived the idea of founding a Studium Generale in Alcala de Henares

• Alcántara, Military Order of

  First committed to the care of the Castilian Knights of Calatrava

• Alcedo, Antonio de

  Soldier, born at Quito, Ecuador, 1755

• Alchemy

  The art of transmuting baser metals into gold and silver

• Alciati, Andrea

  Italian jurist (1492-1550)

• Alcimus

  High-priest, the leader of the hellenizing party in the time of Judas Machabeus

• Alcmund, Saint

  Bishop of Hexham, died 781

• Alcock, John

  Bishop of Rochester, Worcester, and Ely (1430-1500)

• Alcoholism

  The term is understood to include all the changes that may occur in the human organism after the ingestion of any form of alcohol

• Alcuin

  Lengthy article on the educator, scholar, theologian, liturgist, who died in 804

• Aldegundis, Saint

  Daughter of SS. Walbert and Bertilia. Flemish nun, founder of monastery at Maubeuge, d. about 684

• Aldersbach

  A former Cistercian Abbey in the valley of the Vils in Lower Bavaria

• Aldfrith

  A Northumbrian king, son of King Oswin; d. 14 December, 705

• Aldhelm, Saint

  Abbot of Malmesbury, bishop of Sherborne, poet, d. about 709

• Aldric, Saint

  Bishop of Le Mans, d. 856

• Aldrovandi, Ulissi

  Italian naturalist (1522-1607)

• Alea, Leonard

  A French polemical writer of the early years of the nineteenth century, b. in Paris, date unknown; d. 1812

• Alegambe, Philippe

  A Jesuit historiographer (1592-1652)

• Alegre, Francisco Xavier

  Historian, born at Vera Cruz, in Mexico, or New Spain, 12 November, 1729; died at Bologna, 16 August, 1788

• Alemany, Joseph Sadoc

  First Archbishop of San Francisco (1814-1888)

• Alenio, Guilio

  Chinese missionary and scholar, born at Brescia, in Italy, in 1582; died at Fou-Tcheou, China, in August, 1644

• Aleppo

  Armenian Rite Archdiocese in Syria

• Ales and Terralba

  Diocese made up of 42 communes in the province of Cagliari, Archbishopric of Oristano, Italy

• Alessandria della Paglia

  Diocese in Piedmont, Italy, a suffragen of Vercelli

• Alessi, Galeazzo

  Italian architect, b. 1500; d. 1572

• Alessio

  Diocese in European Turkey, since 1886 suffragan of Scutari

• Alexander Briant, Blessed

  English Jesuit priest and martyr. He was scarcely over 25 when martyred in 1581

• Alexander III, Pope

  Reigned from 1159-81

• Alexander II, Pope

  Reigned 1061-1073

• Alexander I, Pope Saint

  Article on this pope, who died in 115 or 116. According to a tradition dating to the fifth century, Alexander was martyred, but it is possible that he has been confused with another St. Alexander who was indeed a martyr

• Alexander IV, Pope

  Reigned 1254-61

• Alexander (Name of Seven Men)

  Seven men with this name are described

• Alexander (Name of Several Early Bishops)

  Profiles of six bishops of this name in the early Church

• Alexander Natalis

  A French historian and theologian, of the Order of St. Dominic (1639-1724)

• Alexander of Abonoteichos

  The most notorious imposter of the second century of the Christian era

• Alexander of Hales

  Biographical article on the first of the scholastic theologians to use Aristotelean principles in systematic theology

• Alexander of Lycopolis

  Fourth-century writer

• Alexander, Saint (Bishop of Comana)

  Called 'The Charcoal Burner.' Made bishop of Comana at the recommendation of St. Gregory Thaumaturgus. St. Alexander was martyred in the Decian persecution

• Alexander, Saint (Of Cappadocia and Jerusalem)

  Alexander, Bishop of Cappadocia, imprisoned for his faith, served as coadjutor to the Bishop of Jerusalem. Exiled and again imprisoned, Alexander was tortured and died in prison in 251

• Alexander, Saint (Patriarch of Alexandria)

  Patriarch of Alexandria. Elected instead of the heresiarch Arius, who had been scheming to be made bishop. A man of great holiness, St. Alexander died in 326

• Alexander Sauli, Blessed

  Apostle of Corsica, Barnabite, bishop of Aleria, d. 1592

• Alexander V

  Pietro Philarghi, born c. 1339, on the island of Crete (Candia), whence his appellation, Peter of Candia; elected 26 June, 1409; died at Bologna, 3 May, 1410

• Alexander VIII, Pope

  Pietro Ottoboni, born at Venice, April, 1610; elected 5 October, 1689; died at Rome, 1 February, 1691

• Alexander VII, Pope

  Biographical article on this seventeenth-century pontiff

• Alexander VI, Pope

  Rodrigo Borgia, born at Xativa, near Valencia, in Spain, 1 January, 1431; died in Rome, 18 August, 1503

• Alexandre, Dom Jacques

  Benedictine monk (1653-1734)

• Alexandria

  Seaport of Egypt, on the left bank of the Nile

• Alexandria, Councils of

  Details several councils held here

• Alexandrian Library, The

  The Great Library of Alexandria, so called to distinguish it from the smaller or 'daughter' library in the Serapeum, was a foundation of the first Ptolemies for the purpose of aiding the maintenance of Greek civilization in the midst of the conservative Egyptians

• Alexandria, The Church of

  Founded by St. Mark the Evangelist, the center from which Christianity spread throughout all Egypt, the nucleus of the powerful Patriarchate of Alexandria

• Alexandria, The Diocese of

  Suffragan of Kingston, Ontario

• Alexandrine Liturgy, The

  The parent rite of all others in Egypt

• Alexandrinus, Codex

  Greek manuscript of the Old and New Testaments, so named because it was brought to Europe from Alexandria and had been the property of the patriarch of that see

• Alexian Nuns

  Fifteenth century nuns who adopted the Rule of St. Augustine and devoted themselves to the same corporal works of mercy as those of the Brothers of St. Alexius, or Cellites

• Alexians

  A religious institute which had its origin at Mechlin, in Brabant, in the fifteenth century, during the ravages of the 'black death.'

• Alexis Falconieri, Saint

  Visionary, co-founder of the Servites, uncle of St. Juliana Falconieri. St. Alexis died in 1310, at the age of 110 years

• Alexius, Saint

  Tries to untangle the story of the Man of God. According to tradition, a fifth-century Roman who became a beggar in Edessa. He is honored as a confessor of the Faith

• Alfield, Venerable Thomas

  Priest, twice imprisoned, twice converted, died a martyr in 1585

• Alfieri, Count Vittorio

  Tragic poet of Italy (1749-1803)

• Alfieri, Pietro

  A priest and at one time a Camaldolese monk (1801-1863)

• Alfonso de Zamora

  A converted Spanish Rabbi, baptized 1506; died 1531

• Alfonso of Burgos

  Royal confessor of Ferdinand and Isabella. Died 1489

• Alford, Michael

  A Jesuit missionary in England during the persecution (1587-1652)

• Alfrida, Saint

  Daughter of King Offa of Mercia. Hermit at Crowland, fl. 795

• Alfwold, Saint

  Monk of Winchester, became the last bishop of Sherborne, d. 1058

• Alger of Liége

  French priest (1055-1132)

• Alghero

  An Italian diocese comprising twenty-two communes in the province of Sassari, and four in that of Cagliari, Archdiocese of Sassari

• Algiers

  Archdiocese comprising the province of Algeria in French Africa. Its suffragans are the Sees of Oran and Constantine

• Algonquins

  The Micmacs, Abenakis, Montagnais, Penobscots, Chippewas, Mascoutens, Nipissings, Sacs, Pottowatomies, and Illinois, the Pequods of Massachusetts, the Mohegans of New York, the Lenapes of Pennsylvania and Delaware, with many other minor tribes, may be classed among them

• Alife

  A diocese made up of twelve communes in the province of Caserta, Archbishopric of Benevento, Italy

• Alighieri, Dante

  An annotated (in linked hypertext) biography of the poet

• Alimentation

  In a broad sense, whatever is necessary to sustain human life: not merely food and drink, but lodging, clothing, care during sickness and burial

• Alimony

  In the common legal sense of the word, the allowance by order of the court a husband pays to his wife for her maintenance while she is living separately from him, or paid by her former husband to a divorced woman

• Aliturgical Days

  Those days on which the 'liturgy', i.e. the Holy Sacrifice of the Eucharist, is not allowed to be celebrated

• Allah

  The name of God in Arabic

• Allahabad

  Diocese; suffragan of the Archdiocese of Agra, India

• Allard, Paul

  Archaeologist and historian (b. 1841)

• Allatius, Leo

  A learned Greek of the seventeenth century (1586-1669)

• Allegranza, Joseph

  A Milanese Dominican who won distinction as a historian, archaeologist, and antiquary (1715-1785)

• Allegri, Antonio

  Artist known as Correggio, the place of his birth (1494-1534)

• Allegri, Gregorio

  Composer from the same family which produced the painter Correggio

• Alleluia

  A liturgical mystic expression

• Allemand, Jean

  A French priest and Orientalist (1799-1833)

• Allen, Edward Patrick

  Fifth Bishop of Mobile, Alabama, U.S.; born at Lowell, Massachusetts, 17 March, 1853

• Allen, Frances

  The first woman of New England birth to become a nun (1784-1819)

• Allen, George

  Educator, born at Milton, Vermont, 17 December, 1808; died in Worcester, Massachusetts, 28 May, 1876

• Allen, John

  Archbishop of Dublin, canonist, and Chancellor of Ireland (1476-1534)

• Allen, John

  Priest and martyr. He was executed at Tyburn in the beginning of the year 1538

• Allen, William

  Cardinal (1522-1594)

• Allerstein, August

  Jesuit missionary in China, born in Germany, died in China, probably about 1777

• All Hallows College

  An institution devoted to the preparation of priests for the missions in English-speaking countries

• Alliance, Holy

  The Emperor Francis I of Austria, King Frederick William III of Prussia, and the Tsar Alexander I of Russia, signed a treaty on 26 September, 1815, by which they united in a 'Holy Alliance.'

• Allies, Thomas William

  English writer (1813-1903)

• Allioli, Joseph Franz

  Studied theology at Landshut, was ordained at Ratisbon, 1816, studied Oriental languages (1818-20), became professor in the University at Landshut in 1824, and was transferred with the university to Munich in 1826, but owing to a weak throat he had to accept a canonry at Ratisbon. Became Dean of the chapter at Augsburg, in 1838

• Allison, William

  One of the English priests who were victims of the plots of 1679-80

• Allocution

  A solemn form of address or speech from the throne employed by the Pope on certain occasions

• Allori

  Information on three people with this name

• Allot, William

  English priest, died about 1590

• Allouez, Claude

  Jesuit missionary and explorer (1620-1689)

• All Saints' Day

  Celebrated on the first of November. Instituted to honour all the saints, known and unknown, and, according to Urban IV, to supply any deficiencies in the faithful's celebration of saints' feasts during the year

• All Souls' Day

  The commemoration of all the faithful departed is celebrated by the Church on 2 November, or, if this be a Sunday or a solemnity, on 3 November

• Alma

  A Hebrew word signifying a 'young woman', unmarried as well as married

• Almagro, Diego de

  Generally considered a foundling; came to Panama in 1514 with Pedro Arias de Avila (D'Avila), and soon distinguished himself in military expeditions

• Alma Redemptoris Mater

  The opening words of one of the four Antiphons sung at Compline and Lauds, in honour of the Blessed Virgin, at various seasons of the year

• Almedha, Saint

  British princess, virgin, and martyr, fl. c. 490. Venerated especially in Wales

• Almeida, John

  Jesuit missionary (1571-1653)

• Almeria

  A suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Granada in Spain

• Almici, Camillo

  Italian Oratorian priest (1714-1779)

• Almond, John

  English Cistercian and Confessor the Faith (d. 1585)

• Almond, John, Venerable

  Biographical sketch of the martyr

• Almond, Oliver

  Sixteenth-century English priest and writer

• Alms and Almsgiving

  Any material favour done to assist the needy, and prompted by charity

• Alnoth, Saint

  English hermit and martyr, d. about 700

• Alogi

  A party of heretics who arose after the Cataphrygians, Quartodecimans, and others, and who received neither the Gospel of St. John nor his Apocalypse

• Aloysius Gonzaga, Saint

  Short biography of this Jesuit student, who died in 1591 at the age of 23

• Alpha and Omega

  Includes Jewish and Christian meanings

• Alpha and Omega (in Scripture)

  Employed from the fourth century as a symbol expressing the confidence of orthodox Christians in the scriptural proofs of Our Lord's divinity

• Alphabet, Christian Use of the

  The Hebrew, Greek and Latin alphabets have been variously made use of in Christian liturgy

• Alphege, Saint

  Also called Alphege or Godwine. Hermit, abbot, Archbishop of Canterbury, martyred in 1012. Biographical article

• Alphonsus Liguori, Saint

  Long biographical article on the founder of the Redemptorists and devotional writer

• Alphonsus Rodriguez, Saint

  Spanish-born widower, Jesuit lay brother, served as porter at Majorca for 46 years, d. 1617. Also known as Alonso

• Alpini, Prospero

  Physician and botanist (1553-1617)

• Alsace-Lorraine

  The German Imperial Territory so known, and divided for State purposes into three civil districts

• Altamirano, Diego Francisco

  Jesuit (1625-1715)

• Altamura and Acquaviva

  An exempt archipresbyterate in the province of Bari, in southern Italy

• Altarage

  The fees received by a priest from the laity when discharging any function for them, e.g. marriages, baptisms, funerals

• Altar Bell

  A small bell placed on the credence or in some other convenient place on the epistle side of the altar

• Altar Breadboxes

  Made of wood, tin, britannia, silver, or other metal. A round flat weight, covered if necessary with silk or linen, and having a knob on top, so as to be easily taken hold of, is placed on the breads

• Altar Breads

  Bread is one of the two elements absolutely necessary for the sacrifice of the Eucharist

• Altar Candles

  For mystical reasons the Church prescribes that the candles used at Mass and at other liturgical functions be made of beeswax

• Altar Candlesticks

  Consists of five parts: the foot, the stem, the knob about the middle of the stem, the bowl to receive the drippings of wax, and the pricket, i.e. the sharp point that terminates the stem on which the candle is fixed

• Altar Canopy

  The 'Caeremoniale Episcoporum (I, xii, 13), treating of the ornaments of the altar, says that a canopy (baldachinum) should be suspended over the altar

• Altar Cards

  To assist the memory of the celebrant at Mass in those prayers which he should know by heart, cards on which these prayers are printed are placed on the altar in the middle, and at each end

• Altar Carpets

  The sanctuary and altar-steps of the high altar are ordinarily to be covered with carpets

• Altar Cavity

  A small square or oblong chamber in the body of the altar, in which are placed the relics of two canonized martyrs

• Altar Cloths

  The custom of using three altar-cloths began probably in the ninth century, but at present it is of strict obligation for the licit celebration of Mass

• Altar Crucifix

  The principal ornament of the altar

• Altar Curtain

  Drawn around the altar at certain parts of Mass

• Altar, Double

  An altar having a double front constructed in such a manner that Mass may be celebrated on both sides of it at the same time

• Altar Frontal

  An appendage which covers the entire front of the altar, from the lower part of the table to the predella, and from the gospel corner to that of the epistle side

• Altar, High

  The chief altar in a church, raised on an elevated plane in the sanctuary, where it may be seen simultaneously by all the faithful in the body of the church

• Altar, History of the Christian

  An elevated surface, tabular in form, on which the Sacrifice of the Mass is offered

• Altar Horns

  On the Jewish altar there were four projections, one at each corner, which were called the horns of the altar. These projections are not found on the Christian altar, but the word cornu ('horn') is still maintained to designate the sides or corners of the altar

• Altar (in Liturgy)

  In the New Law the altar is the table on which the Eucharistic Sacrifice is offered

• Altar Lamp

  In the Old Testament God commanded that a lamp filled with the purest oil of olives should always burn in the Tabernacle of the Testimony without the veil

• Altar Lanterns

  Used in churches to protect the altar candles and lamp, if the latter for any reason, such as a draught, cannot be kept lit

• Altar Ledge

  A step behind the altar, raised slightly above it, for candlesticks, flowers, reliquaries, and other ornaments

• Altar Linens

  The corporal, pall, purificator, and finger towels

• Altar of Our Lady

  In general it signifies any altar of which the Blessed Virgin is the titular

• Altar of Repose

  Sometimes called less properly sepulchre or tomb, more frequently repository

• Altarpiece

  A picture of some sacred subject painted on the wall or suspended in a frame behind the altar, or a group of statuary on the altar

• Altar, Portable

  Consists of a solid piece of natural stone which must be sufficiently hard to resist every fracture

• Altar, Privileged

  An altar is said to be privileged when, in addition to the ordinary fruits of the Eucharistic Sacrifice, a plenary indulgence is also granted whenever Mass is celebrated thereon

• Altar Protector

  A cover made of cloth, baize or velvet which is placed on the table of the altar, during the time in which the sacred functions do not take place

• Altar Rail

  The railing which guards the sanctuary and separates the latter from the body of the church. Also called the communion-rail

• Altar Screen

  A cloth, on which images of Our Lord, of the Blessed Virgin, or of saints, are represented, may be suspended above the altar, unless such images are painted on the wall

• Altar Side

  That part of the altar which faces the congregation

• Altars (in Scripture)

  Describes several biblical uses of the word

• Altars (in the Greek Churches)

  The altar of the Russian Orthodox or the Ruthenian Greek Catholic churches means the sanctuary, and not merely the altar known to Latin churches

• Altar Steps

  The number of steps leading up to the high altar is for symbolical reasons uneven; usually three, five, or seven, including the upper platform

• Altar Stole

  An altar ornament from the Middle Ages

• Altar Stone

  A solid piece of natural stone, consecrated by a bishop, large enough to hold the Sacred Host and chalice

• Altar, Stripping of an

  Removal of the altar-cloths, vases of flowers, antipendium, and other ornaments, so that nothing remains but the cross and the candlesticks with the candles extinguished

• Altar Tomb

  A tomb, or monument, over a grave, oblong in form, which is covered with a slab or table, having the appearance of an altar

• Altar Vase

  Vase to hold flowers for the decoration of the altar

• Altar Vessels

  The chalice is the cup in which the wine and water of the Eucharistic Sacrifice is contained

• Altar Wine

  Wine is one of the two elements absolutely necessary for the sacrifice of the Eucharist. For valid and licit consecration vinum de vite, i.e. the pure juice of the grape naturally and properly fermented, is to be used

• Altmann, Blessed

  Short biography of the eleventh-century bishop of Passau, driven from his see for enforcing Pope Gregory VII's call for clerical celibacy

• Alton

  Diocese in Illinois

• Altoona

  A suffragan see of the province of Philadelphia

• Alto, Saint

  Irish-born hermit and missionary in Bavaria, monastic founder, eighth century

• Altruism

  A term formed by Auguste Comte in 1851, to denote the benevolent, as contrasted with the selfish propensities

• Alumbrados

  False Spanish mystics

• Alumnus

  Signifies in ecclesiastical usage, a student preparing for the sacred ministry in a seminary

• Alunno, Niccolò

  Notable Umbrian painter (1430-1502)

• Alvarado, Alonzo de

  A Knight of Santiago, b. at Secadura de Trasmura, near Burgos, date unknown; d. 1559

• Alvarado, Fray Francisco de

  A native of Mexico, entered the Dominican order 25 July, 1574

• Alvarado, Pedro de

  Accompanied Grijalva on his exploration of Yucatan and the Mexican coast in 1518, and was the chief officer of Cortez during the conquest of Mexico

• Alvarez, Balthazar

  A Spanish mystic, who was the spiritual director of St. Teresa (1533-1580)

• Alvarez de Paz

  A famous mystic of the Society of Jesus (1560-1620)

• Alvarez, Diego

  Spanish theologian, born about 1550; died at Trani, Kingdom of Naples, 1635

• Alvarez, Manoel

  Jesuit and educator (1526-1582)

• Alvarus Pelagius

  Spanish writer (1280-1352)

• Alva, The Duke of

  Warrior and statesman (1508-1582)

• Alva y Astorga, Pedro d'

  A Friar Minor of the Strict Observance and a writer on theological subjects (d. 1667)

• Alypius, Saint

  Close friend of St. Augustine of Hippo. Like Augustine, Alypius was baptized by Ambrose. St. Alypius became bishop of Tagaste

• Alzate, José Antonio

  Seventeenth century priest born at Ozumba, Mexico

• Alzog, Johann Baptist

  Church historian (1808-1878)

• Ama

  A Semitic term meaning mother, adopted by the Copts and the Greeks as a title of honour applied to religious and ladies of high rank

• Amadeo, Giovanni Antonio

  Italian architect and sculptor (1447-1522)

• Amadia and Akra

  Designates two Catholic dioceses of the Chaldean Rite in Kurdistan, Turkey in Asia

• Amalarius of Metz

  A liturgical writer, b. at Metz, in the last quarter of the eighth century; d. about 850

• Amalberga, Saint

  Sister or niece of Pepin of Landen. Amalberga was married to Witger; they both entered monastic life. Also called St. Amelia

• Amalberga, Saint

  Virgin who rejected Charlemagne's advances

• Amalec

  A people remembered chiefly as the most hated of all the enemies of Israel

• Amalfi

  Archdiocese directly dependent on the Holy See, has its seat at Amalfi, not far from Naples

• Amalricians

  Heretical sect founded towards the end of the twelfth century

• Amalricus Augerii

  A church-historian of the fourteenth century, and member of the Augustinian Order

• Amandus, Saint

  Hermit, missionary, bishop of Maastricht, monastic founder, d. about 690

• Amasia

  A titular see and metropolis of Pontus in Asia Minor on the river Iris, now Amasiah

• Amastris

  A titular see of Paphlagonia in Asia Minor, on a peninsula jutting into the Black Sea

• Amathus

  Name of two titular sees, one in Syria, suffragan of Apameia, with an episcopal list known from 449 to 536; the other on the southern coast of Cyprus, whose episcopal list reaches from the fourth century to 787

• Amat, Thaddeus

  Second Bishop of Monterey and Los Angeles, California (1810-1878)

• Amazones, Diocese of

  A South American diocese, dependent on San Salvador of Bahia

• Ambarach, Peter

  Maronite Orientalist (1663-1742)

• Ambition

  The undue craving for honor

• Ambo

  A word of Greek origin, supposed to signify a mountain or elevation

• Ambo (in the Russian and Greek Church)

  Sometimes two ambos were used, from one of which the Epistle was read and from the other the Gospel

• Amboise, George d'

  French cardinal, archbishop, and statesman (1460-1510)

• Ambronay, Our Lady of

  A sanctuary of the Blessed Virgin at Ambronay, France, regarded as one of the two candles of devotion to Our Lady in the Diocese of Belley

• Ambros, August Wilhelm

  Historian of music and art critic (1816-1876)

• Ambrose of Camaldoli, Saint

  Born Ambrose Traversari, theologian, translator of many of the Fathers, author, d. 1439

• Ambrose of Sienna, Blessed

  Dominican teacher and missionary, diplomat, d. 1286

• Ambrose, Saint

  Article on the life and teachings of this Bishop of Milan, and Doctor of the Church, who died in 397

• Ambrosian Basilica

  Erected at Milan by fourth-century bishop, St. Ambrose, and was consecrated in the year 386

• Ambrosian Chant

  Chant composed by St. Ambrose

• Ambrosian Hymnography

  The term implies no attribution of authorship, but rather a poetical form or a liturgical use

• Ambrosian Library

  Founded between 1603 and 1609 by Cardinal Federigo Borromeo at Milan

• Ambrosian Liturgy and Rite

  The liturgy and Rite of the Church of Milan, which derives its name from St. Ambrose, Bishop of Milan (374-397)

• Ambrosians

  The Order of St. Ambrose was the name of two religious congregations, one of men and one of women, founded in the neighbourhood of Milan during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries

• Ambrosiaster

  The name given to the author of a commentary on all the Epistles of St. Paul, with the exception of that to the Hebrews

• Ambulatory

  A cloister, gallery, or alley; a sheltered place, straight or circular, for exercise in walking; the aisle that makes the circuit of the apse of a church

• Amelia

  Diocese comprising seven towns in the province of Perugia, Italy, and is under the immediate jurisdiction of the Holy See

• Amelote, Denis

  Ordained in 1631, a Doctor of the Sorbonne, and member of the French Oratory (1609-1678)

• Amen

  One of a small number of Hebrew words which have been imported unchanged into the liturgy of the Church

• Amende Honorable

  An obsolete form of honorary satisfaction, customary in the Church in France as late as the seventeenth century

• Amerbach, Veit

  Humanist and convert from Lutheranism to the Catholic Church (1503-1557)

• America

  Consists of three main divisions: North America, Central America, and South America

• American College at Louvain, The

  An institution for the education of priests founded in 1857

• American College in Rome, The

  Owes its existence chiefly to Archbishop Hughes, of New York, and Archbishop Kenrick of Baltimore

• American College in Rome, The South

  The Rev. Ignatius Victor Eyzaguirre went to Rome, in 1857, and proposed to the Pope the erection of a college for students from Latin American countries

• American Protective Association, The

  A secret society which became a disturbing factor in the northern U.S. between 1891-1897

• America, Pre-Columbian Discovery of

  Offers details of early exploration

• Amerigo Vespucci

  Biographical article on the Italian navigator (1451-1512)

• Amherst, Francis Kerril, D.D.

  English bishop (1819-1883)

• Amias, Ven. John

  Cloth merchant, widower, priest, martyred 1589

• Amiatinus, Codex

  Manuscript of the Latin Vulgate Bible, kept at Florence in the Bibliotheca Laurentiana

• Amice

  A short linen cloth, square or oblong in shape and, like the other sacerdotal vestments, needing to be blessed before use

• Amico, Antonio

  Canon of Palermo, and ecclesiastical historian of Syracuse and Messina, (d. 1641)

• Amico, Francesco

  Theologian born at Cosenza, in Naples, 2 April, 1578

• Amida

  An Armenian Rite diocese located in Mesopotamia, Asiatic Turkey

• Amiens, Diocese of

  Comprises the department of Somme

• Amiot, Joseph Maria

  Missionary to China (1718-1793)

• Amisus

  A titular see of Pontus in Asia Minor

• Ammen, Daniel

  American naval officer and author (1820-1898)

• Ammon

  The supreme divinity of the Egyptian pantheon

• Ammonian Sections

  Divisions of the four Gospels

• Ammonites

  A race closely allied to the Hebrews

• Ammon, Saint

  One of the desert fathers. Lived with his wife for 18 years as brother and sister, after which he became a hermit in Nitria and she also became a monk. Fourth-century Egypt

• Amorbach

  Former Benedictine abbey in Lower Franconia (Bavaria), founded in the early part of the eighth century by St. Pirmin

• Amorios

  A titular see of Phrygia in Asia Minor, now known as Hergen Kaleh

• Amorrhites

  A name of doubtful origin and meaning, used to designate an ancient people often mentioned in the Old Testament

• Amort, Eusebius

  Philosopher and theologian (1692-1775)

• Amos

  Old Testament prophet

• Amovibility

  A term applied to the condition of certain ecclesiastics in regard to their benefices or offices

• Amoy

  Vicariate Apostolic of Amoy, located in China, created in 1883, and entrusted to the care of the Dominicans

• Ampè, André-Marie

  Physicist and mathematician (1775-1836)

• Amphilochius of Iconium

  Fourth-century Cappadocian bishop

• Amphilochius of Sida

  Fifth-century bishop

• Amphoræ

  Vessels generally made of clay, and furnished with ears or handles

• Ampleforth, The Abbey of

  Benedictine abbey in England

• Ampullæ

  Their peculiarity consists in the sediment of dark red colour they contain, from which they derive the name, blood-ampullae, on the theory that the sediment is the remains of the blood of a martyr

• Ampurias

  An Italian diocese in Sardinia, suffragan of Sassari

• Amra

  The name of certain ancient Irish elegies or panegyrics on native saints

• Amrah

  The Syrian houses in the region of Hauran were inhabited, from the third century to the seventh, by the upper and middle classes of the population. A house of this kind in perfect preservation is still to be seen at Amrah

• Amraphel

  King of Sennaar (Shinar), or Babylonia

• Amsterdam

  The capital, and second residential city of the Kingdom of the Netherlands

• Amulet

  An object generally inscribed with mysterious formulae and used by pagans as a protection against various maladies, as well as witchcraft

• Amulets, Use and Abuse of

  Amulets have had quite a general vogue among all people of all times and have been characterized by a bewildering variety as to the material, shape, and method of employment

• Amyclae

  A titular see of Peloponnesus in Greece, in the ecclesiastical province of Hellas, a suffragan of Corinth

• Amyot, Jacques

  Bishop of Auxerre, Grand Almoner of France (1513-1593)

• Anabaptists

  A violent and extremely radical body of ecclesiastico-civil reformers which first made its appearance in 1521 at Zwickau

• Anacletus II

  The title which was taken by Cardinal Pietro Pierleone at the contested papal election of the year 1130

• Anacletus, Pope Saint

  Third pope, a martyr, d. about 91. May be the same person as Pope St. Cletus

• Anæsthesia

  A term in medicine, and the allied sciences, signifying a state of insensibility to external impressions, consequent upon disease, or induced artificially by the employment of certain substances known as anaesthetics, or by hypnotic suggestion

• Anagni

  An Italian diocese in the province of Rome under the immediate jurisdiction of the Holy See

• Analogy

  A philosophical term used to designate, first, a property of things; secondly, a process of reasoning

• Analysis

  The process by which anything complex is resolved into simple, or at least less complex parts or elements

• Anaphora

  A liturgical term in the Greek Rite

• Anarchy

  An absence of law

• Anastasia, Saint

  Article on this martyr, whose feast day is 25 December. Attracted a cultus at Rome in the late fifth century, and a sixth-century legend makes her a Roman matron, though martyred elsewhere

• Anastasiopolis

  Name of four ancient sees

• Anastasius Bibliothecarius

  Librarian of the Roman Church (810-879)

• Anastasius III, Pope

  Reigned 911-913

• Anastasius II, Pope

  Reigned 496-498

• Anastasius I, Pope Saint

  Article on the pope remembered chiefly for condemning Origenism, d. 401

• Anastasius IV, Pope

  Reigned 1153-1154

• Anastasius, Saint

  Bishop of Antioch, exiled by the emperor, restored to his see in 593 by St. Gregory the Great. Anastasius died in 598

• Anastasius, Saint

  A former magician and soldier, converted to Christianity, became a monk. He was martyred in 628

• Anastasius Sinaita, Saint

  Profile of the seventh-century abbot of the monastery of Mt. Sinai, vociferous opponent of the Monophysites and Monothelites, writer

• Anathema

  Placed on high, suspended, set aside

• Anathoth

  Includes several mentioned by this name

• Anatolia, Saint

  Virgin and martyr, was denounced as a Christian and put to death by the sword in the Decian persecution

• Anatolius, Saint

  Third-century bishop of Laodicea, mathematician, scientist, philosopher

• Anatolius, Saint

  Patriarch of Constantinople, anti-Nestorian, anti-Eutychian. Some say he was killed by heretics in 458

• Anatomy

  The science of the form and structure of living beings

• Anazarbus

  A titular metropolitan see of Cilicia (Lesser Armenia), suffragan of Antioch

• Añazco, Pedro de

  A missionary and student of Indian languages (1550-1605)

• Anchieta, Joseph

  Short biography of this famous Jesuit missionary to Brazil

• Anchor (as Symbol), The

  Regarded in ancient times as a symbol of safety

• Anchorites

  In Christian terminology, men who have sought to triumph over the two unavoidable enemies of human salvation, the flesh and the devil, by depriving them of the assistance of their ally, the world

• Ancient of Days

  A name given to God by the Prophet Daniel

• Ancilla Dei

  A title often given to a deceased woman in early Christian inscriptions

• Ancona and Umana

  An Italian diocese in the Archdiocese of Ancona

• Ancona, Ciriaco d'

  An Italian antiquary whose family name was Pizzicolli, born at Ancona about 1391; died about 1455 at Cremona

• Ancren Riwle

  The name given to a thirteenth-century code of rules for the life of anchoresses, which is sometimes called 'The Nuns' Rule'

• Ancyra

  A titular see of Galatia in Asia Minor, suffragan of Laodicea

• Ancyra, Councils of

  Three councils were held in the former capital of Galatia (now Angora) in Asia Minor, during the fourth century

• Andalusia

  The name given by the Arabs to the portion of Spain subject to their dominion

• Andechs

  Benedictine monastery in Bavaria

• Anderdon, William Henry

  English Jesuit and writer, born in London, 26 December, 1816; died 28 July, 1890

• Anderledy, Anthony Maria

  General of the Society of Jesus (1819-1892)

• Anderson, Henry James

  Scientist and educator (1799-1875)

• Anderson, Lionel Albert

  An English Dominican, b. about 1620; d. 21 October, 1710

• Anderson, Patrick

  A Scottish Jesuit (1575-1624)

• Anderton, James

  An English Catholic, b. 1557; d. 1618

• Anderton, Roger

  English Catholic layman (d. 1640)

• Anderton, Thomas

  English Benedictine (1611-1671)

• Anderton, Venerable Robert

  English priest and friend of William Marsden. The two were shipwrecked, whereupon they were arrested for being priests coming into England from abroad, and tried on the 'bloody question.' They were hanged, drawn, and quartered in 1586

• Andlaw, Heinrich Bernhard, Freiherr von

  Catholic statesman (1802-1871)

• Andlaw, Venerable William

  An English convert to Catholicism, he became a priest. He was martyred in 1597

• Andrada, Alonso

  Biographer and ascetic writer.1590-1672)

• Andrada, Antonio de

  Missionary and explorer of Tibet in the seventeenth century

• Andrada de Payva, Diego

  Portuguese theologian (1528-1575)

• Andrea Dotti, Blessed

  Servite priest, miracle worker, d. 1315

• Andrea, Giovanni d'

  Canonist (1275-1348)

• Andrea Pisano

  An Italian sculptor and architect, b. 1270; d. 1349

• Andreas of Caesarea

  Cappadocian bishop

• Andreas of Ratisbon

  Fourteenth-century historian

• Andreas, Saint

  Also known as Andreas, monk, bishop of Gortyna, best known for his hymnody, d. 740 or 720

• André, Bernard

  Fifteenth-century friar, poet, chronographer

• Andreis, Felix de

  Lazarist superior (1778-1820)

• Andres, Juan

  Sixteenth-century Spanish canonist

• Andrés, Juan

  Litterateur and historian (1740-1817)

• Andrew Avellino, Saint

  Canon lawyer, priest, reformer, Theatine, d. 1608

• Andrew Bobola, Saint

  Polish Jesuit priest and missionary, martyred in 1657

• Andrew Corsini, Saint

  Article on this Carmelite, called 'the Apostle of Florence,' regarded as a prophet and thaumaturgus, who became bishop of Fiesole, and died in 1373

• Andrew of Lonjumeau

  Dominican missionary and papal ambassador (d. 1253)

• Andrew of Rhodes

  Theologian, d. 1440

• Andrew, Saint (Apostle and Martyr)

  The Apostle in Scripture and tradition

• Andrew, Saint (Martyr of Lampsacus)

  Was stoned to death at Lampsacus, during the Decian persecution, along with his companion Paul

• Andrews, William Eusebius

  Editor and author (1773-1837)

• Andrew the Scot, Saint

  Brother of St. Bridget the Younger and archdeacon of Fiesole, d. about 877

• André, Yves Marie

  Mathematician (1675-1764)

• Andria, Diocese

  Comprises three towns in the Province of Bari and one in the Province of Potenza, Archdiocese of Trani, Italy

• Andronicus, Probus, and Tarachus, Saints

  Martyrs of the Diocletian persecution (c. 304)

• Anemurium

  Titular see of Cilicia

• Anerio, Felice

  Roman composer, b. c. 1560; d. c. 1630

• Anerio, Giovanni Francesco

  Born in Rome c. 1567; died. c. 1620

• Anfossi, Filippo

  Italian Dominican, b. at Taggia, in the province of Genoa; d. in Rome, 14 May, 1825

• Ange de Sainte Rosalie

  French genealogist and friar of the house of the Petits-Peres of the Discalced Augustinians (1655-1726)

• Ange de Saint Joseph

  French missionary friar of the Order of Discalced Carmelites (1636-1697)

• Angel

  The word is used in Hebrew to denote indifferently either a divine or human messenger

• Angela Merici, Saint

  Biography of the founder of the Ursulines, who died in 1540

• Angela of Foligno, Blessed

  Short biography of the penitent, mystic, writer, Third Order Franciscan, who died in 1309

• Angel, Guardian

  The lowest orders of angels are sent to men

• Angelicals, The

  A congregation of women founded at Milan about 1530 by Countess Luigia Torelli of Guastalla for the protection and reclamation of girls

• Angelico, Fra

  Biography of this Dominican, a famous painter, who died in 1455

• Angeli, Francesco degli

  Missionary to Ethiopia (1567-1628)

• Angeli, Girolamo degli

  Missionary to Japan (1567-1623)

• Angelo Carletti di Chivasso, Blessed

  Fifteenth-century Franciscan, a moral theologian

• Angelo Clareno da Cingoli

  One of the leaders of the Spiritual Franciscans

• Angels, Early Christian Representations of

  The oldest fresco in which an angel appears is the Annunciation scene (second century) of the cemetery of St. Priscilla

• Angels of the Churches

  St. John in the Apocalypse is shown seven candlesticks and in their midst, the Son of Man holding seven stars. The candlesticks represent the seven Churches of Asia; the stars, the angels of those Churches

• Angelus

  A short practice of devotion in honour of the Incarnation repeated three times each day, morning, noon, and evening, at the sound of the bell

• Angelus Bell

  The triple Hail Mary recited in the evening, which is the origin of our modern Angelus, was closely associated with the ringing of a bell

• Angelus, Silesius

  Convert, poet, controversialist, the son of a Lutheran Polish Nobleman (1624-1677)

• Anger

  The desire of vengeance

• Angers

  Comprises the territory embraced in the department of Maine and Loire

• Angers, University of

  Early in the eleventh century this school became famous under the direction of Marbodus

• Anges, Notre Dame de

  A miraculous shrine near Lur, France, containing a crypt (Sainte Chapelle) which tradition dates back to an early period

• Angilbert, Saint

  Abbot of Centula, fathered two children by Charlemagne's unmarried daughter Bertha. He died in 814

• Angiolini, Francesco

  A noted scholar, b. at Piscenza, Italy, 1750; d. at Polotsk, 21 February, 1788

• Anglesea, The Priory of

  Founded in honour of the Blessed Virgin Mary and St. Nicholas for a community of Austin Canons, by Henry I. Dugdale

• Anglicanism

  A term used to denote the religious belief and position of members of the established Church of England

• Anglican Orders

  In the creed of the Catholic Church, Holy Order is one of the Seven Sacraments instituted by Our Lord Jesus Christ

• Anglin, Timothy Warren

  Canadian journalist and member of Parliament, born in the town of Cloankilty, County Cork, Ireland, 1822; died 3 May, 1896, in Canada

• Anglona-Tursi

  An Italian diocese comprising twenty-seven towns and three villages in the province of Potenza and nine towns and one village in the province of Cosenza, Archdiocese of Acerenza

• Anglo-Saxon Church, The

  History of the occupation, conversion, and development

• Angola and Congo

  Diocese of Portuguese West Africa, suffragan of Lisbon

• Angora

  Armenian rite diocese in Asia Minor

• Angoulême

  Diocese; comprises the Department of the Charente in France, and has always been suffragan to the Archbishopric of Bordeaux, under the old regime as well as under the Concordat

• Angra

  The episcopal see of the Azores, suffragan of Lisbon

• Angulo, Pedro

  Native of Burgos in Spain, came to America in 1524 as a soldier, but joined the Dominican order in 1529

• Anhalt

  Vicariate Apostolic comprising the territory of the German Duchy of Anhalt

• Anicetus, Pope Saint

  Biography of this martyr, a contemporary of St. Polycarp and of the heretic Marcion

• Anima Christi

  Well known prayer dating from the first half of the fourteenth century and enriched with indulgences by Pope John XXII in the year 1330

• Anima, College and Church of the, in Rome

  S. Maria dell' Anima, the German national church and hospice in Rome, received its name, according to tradition, from the picture of Our Lady which forms its coat of arms

• Animals, Cruelty to

  Includes sections on pagan, Old and New Testament, scholastic, and Catholic perspectives

• Animals in Christian Art

  Animal forms have always occupied a place of far greater importance than was ever accorded to them in the art of the pagan world

• Animals in the Bible

  The sacred books were composed by and for a people almost exclusively given to husbandry and pastoral life, hence in constant communication with nature

• Animism

  The doctrine or theory of the soul

• Animuccia, Giovanni

  An Italian composer, born at Florence about 1500; died 1571

• Anise

  Anise has been, since Wyclif, the rendering of anethon in the English Versions, But this is not accurate. The exact equivalent of the plant anethon is dill, while anise corresponds to the pimpinella anisum

• Anna

  Details of four women by this name in Sacred Scripture

• Anna Comnena

  Byzantine historian, eldest daughter of Alexius Comnenus, Emperor of Constantinople (1081-1118)

• Annals, Ecclesiastical

  The historical literature of the Middle Ages may be classed under three general heads: chronicles, annals, and lives of the saints

• Annas

  Son of Seth, succeeded (A.D. 6 or 7) Joazar in the high-priesthood by appointment of Quirinius who had come to Judea to attend to the incorporation of Archelaus's territory into the Roman province of Syria

• Annates

  The first fruits, or first year's revenue of an ecclesiastical benefice paid to the Papal Curia (in medieval times to bishops also)

• Annat, François

  French Jesuit, theologian, writer, and opponent of Jansenism (1590-1670)

• Annecy

  Diocese comprising the Department of Haute-Savoie in France

• Anne d'Auray, Sainte

  A little village three miles from the town of Auray, in the Diocese of Vannes, famous for its sanctuary and for its pilgrimages, or pardons, in honour of St. Anne

• Anne de Beaupré, Sainte

  Devotion to Saint Anne, in Canada

• Anne de Xainctonge, Venerable

  Foundress of the Society of the Sisters of St. Ursula of the Blessed Virgin

• Annegarn, Joseph

  Catholic theologian and popular writer (1794-1843)

• Anne Line, Saint

  A convert to Catholicism, hanged in 1601 for the (unproven) crime of harboring a priest. She is one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales

• Anne-Marie Javouhey, Venerable

  Founder of the Sisters of St. Joseph of Cluny, missionary to Africa and South America, d. 1851

• Anne, Saint

  According to apocryphal literature, the mother of Mary

• Annibaldi, Annibale d'

  Theologian, b. of a Roman senatorial family early in the thirteenth century; d. at Rome, 1 September, 1271

• Annibale, Giuseppe d'

  Cardinal and theologian (1815-1892)

• Annius of Viterbo

  Archeologist and historian, born at Viterbo about 1432; died 13 November, 1502

• Anno, Saint

  Former soldier, Archbishop of Cologne, d. 1075

• Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, The Fact of the

  In the sixth month after the conception of St. John the Baptist by Elizabeth, the angel Gabriel was sent from God to the Virgin Mary

• Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, The Feast of the

  In the Latin Church this feast is first mentioned in the Sacramentarium of Pope Gelasius

• Annunciation, The Orders of the

  A penitential order founded by St. Jeanne de Valois

• Anointing of the Sick

  A sacrament to give spiritual aid and comfort and perfect spiritual health, including, if need be, the remission of sins, and also, conditionally, to restore bodily health, to Christians who are seriously ill

• Anquetil, Louis-Pierre

  A French historian (1723-1806)

• Ansaldi, Casto Innocenzio

  Theologian and archaeologist (1710-1780)

• Ansaloni, Giordano

  Dominican missionary to Asia (d. 1634)

• Anschar, Saint

  Benedictine monk, missionary to Scandinavia, bishop of Hamburg, d. 865

• Anse, Councils of

  A series of medieval councils

• Ansegisus

  Archbishop of Sens; d. 25 November 879, or 883

• Ansegisus, Saint

  Benedictine monk, abbot, reformer, d. 833 or 834

• Anselme, Antoine

  French preacher (1652-1737)

• Anselm of Laon

  Medieval theologian (d. 1117)

• Anselm of Liège

  Belgian chronicler (1008-1056)

• Anselm of Lucca (the Younger), Saint

  Appointed bishop of Lucca by his uncle Anselm of Lucca the Elder (Pope Alexander II), then became a Benedictine monk, served as papal legate, and died in 1086

• Anselm, Saint

  Long biographical article on St. Anselm, monk, abbot, philosopher, theologian, Archbishop of Canterbury, Doctor of the Church

• Anselm, Saint

  Duke of Forum Julii, Benedictine monk, monastic founder, Abbot of Nonantula, d. 805

• Anslo, Reyer

  Dutch poet and convert (1622-1669)

• Anstey, Thomas Chisholm

  Lawyer and politician (1816-1873)

• Antediluvians

  People who lived before the flood

• Anterus, Pope Saint

  Also known as Anteros, pope for less than 2 months, d. in 236. Short biographical article

• Anthelmi, Joseph

  French ecclesiastical historian (1648-1697)

• Anthemius

  Fourth-century Byzantine official

• Anthony of Padua, Saint

  Long article on the Augustinian canon turned Franciscan, priest, preacher, miracle worker, d. 1231. Known as 'the Hammer of the Heretics.'

• Anthony of Sienna

  A Dominican theologian, so called because of his great veneration for St. Catharine of Sienna

• Anthony of the Desert, Saint

  Article on the founder of Christian monasticism

• Anthony of the Mother of God

  A Spanish Carmelite, b. at Leon in Old-Castile; d. 1641

• Anthony, Orders of Saint

  Religious communities or orders under the patronage of St. Anthony the Hermit, father of monasticism, or professing to follow his rule

• Anthropomorphism, Anthropomorphites

  A term used in its widest sense to signify the tendency of man to conceive the activities of the external world as the counterpart of his own

• Antichrist

  Defines the word according to its biblical and ecclesiastical usage

• Antidicomarianites

  An Eastern sect which flourished about A.D. 200 to 400, and which was so designated as being the 'opponents of Mary'

• Antidoron

  The remains of the loaves or cakes from which the various portions are cut for consecration in the Mass, according to the Greek Rite, are gathered up on a plate, in the sanctuary and kept upon the prothesis, during the celebration of the Mass

• Antigonish

  The shiretown of the county of the same name in Nova Scotia

• Antimensium

  Consecrated corporal of a kind used only in the Greek Rite

• Antinoe

  A titular see of the Thebaid, now Esneh or Esench, a city in Egypt

• Antinomianism

  The heretical doctrine that Christians are exempt from the obligations of moral law

• Antioch

  Provides information on two places by this name

• Antiochene Liturgy

  The family of liturgies originally used in the Patriarchate of Antioch begins with that of the Apostolic Constitutions; then follow that of St. James in Greek, the Syrian Liturgy of St. James, and the other Syrian Anaphorus

• Antioch, The Church of

  A city on the banks of the lower Orontes

• Antiochus of Palestine

  Seventh century monk

• Antipater of Bostra

  Fifth century Greek prelate

• Antipatris

  Titular see of Palestine

• Antiphellos

  Titular see of Lycia

• Antiphon

  One or more psalm verses or sentences from Holy Scripture which are sung or recited before and after each psalm and the Magnificat during Matins and Vespers

• Antiphonary

  One of the present liturgical books intended for use in the liturgical choir, and originally characterized, by the assignment to it principally of the antiphons used in various parts of the Roman liturgy

• Antiphonary, Gregorian

  Discovered in a Montpellier manuscript of the tenth or eleventh century

• Antiphon, Communion

  The term Communion is used, not only for the reception of the Holy Eucharist, but also as a shortened form for the antiphon that was originally sung while the people were receiving the Blessed Sacrament

• Antiphon (in Greek Liturgy)

  The Greek Liturgy uses antiphons, not only in the Office, but also in the Mass, at Vespers, and at all the canonical Hours

• Antiphon (in the Greek Church)

  Socrates, the church historian, says that St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, the third in succession from St. Peter in that see, once had a vision of angels singing the praises of the Trinity in alternating hymns, and remembering the vision, gave this form of singing to the Church of Antioch

• Antipodes

  Speculations concerning the rotundity of the earth and the possible existence of human beings 'with their feet turned towards ours' were of interest to the Fathers of the Early Church only in so far as they seemed to encroach upon the fundamental Christian dogma of the unity of the human race, and the consequent universality of original sin and redemption

• Antipope

  A false claimant of the Holy See in opposition to a pontiff canonically elected

• Antiquities, Biblical

  Details domestic, political, and sacred antiquities

• Antivari

  So called from its position opposite to Bari in Italy; the Catholic archiepiscopal see of Montenegro

• Antofogaste

  Vicariate Apostolic in Chile, dependent on the Sacred Congregation of Ecclesiastical Affairs

• Antoine, Paul Gabriel

  French theologian (1678-1743)

• Antonelli, Giacomo

  Cardinal; Secretary of State to Pius IX (1806-1876)

• Antonelli, Leonardo

  Cardinal (1730-1811)

• Antonelli, Nicolò Maria

  Cardinal, learned canonist, ecclesiastical historian, and Orientalist (1698-1767)

• Antoniano, Giovanni

  Patrologist, b. at Nimeguen, in Holland, early in the sixteenth century; d. same place, in 1588

• Antoniano, Silvio

  Cardinal, writer on education (1540-1603)

• Antoniewicz, Charles

  Polish Jesuit and missionary (1807-1852)

• Antoninus Pius

  Roman Emperor (138-161)

• Antoninus, Saint

  Archbishop of Florence, Dominican reformer, moral theologian, d. 1459

• Antonio Maria Zaccaria, Saint

  A Doctor of Medicine, founder of the Barnabites, d. 1539

• Antonio of Vicenza, Maria

  A Reformed Minorite (1834-1884)

• Antonius

  A supposed Latin Christian poet of the third century

• Anton Ulrich

  A convert to the Catholic faith (1633-1714)

• Antony, Franz Joseph

  Received Holy Orders, and in 1819 became choirmaster at the cathedral, succeeding his father as organist, in 1832

• Antwerp

  A city of Belgium, in the archdiocese of Mechlin

• Anunciación, Fray Domingo de la

  Dominican missionary (1510-1591)

• Anunciación, Fray Juan de la

  Born at Granada in Spain, probably 1514; died 1594

• Aosta

  An Italian diocese, suffragan of Turin

• Apaches

  A tribe of North American Indians belonging linguistically to the Athapascan stock whose original habitat is believed to have been Northwestern Canada

• Apameia

  A titular metropolitan see of Syria, in the valley of the Orontes, whose episcopal list dates from the first century

• Aparisi y Guijarro, Antonio

  Parliamentary orator, jurisconsult, Catholic controversialist, and Spanish litterateur (1815-1872)

• Apelles

  Founder of a Gnostic sect; died at an advanced age late in the second century

• Aphian, Saint

  Martyred in about 306 at the age of 18

• Aphraates

  Wrter born of pagan parents during the last half of the third century

• Apiarius of Sicca

  A priest of the diocese of Sicca, in proconsular Africa

• Apocalypse, Book of

  The name given to the last book in the Bible, also called the Book of Revelation

• Apocatastasis

  A name given in the history of theology to the doctrine which teaches that a time will come when all free creatures will share in the grace of salvation; in a special way, the devils and lost souls

• Apocrisiarius

  Indicates in general the ecclesiastical envoys of Christian antiquity, whether permanent or sent temporarily on missions to high ecclesiastical authorities or royal courts

• Apocrypha

  A long article with a comments on each Apocryphal book. Classified according to origin

• Apodosis

  For several days after a great feast the celebrant turns back to certain prayers of the feast and repeats them in commemoration of it. The last day of such repetition of the prayers of the previous feast is called the apodosis

• Apollinarianism

  Fourth-century Christological heresy propounded by Apollinaris of Laodicea. The theory that Jesus had a human body and soul, but that the Logos took the place of the human spirit or mind in Jesus. Solemnly condemned at the Council of Constantinople in 381

• Apollinaris

  A first-century martyr, the bishop of Ravenna

• Apollinaris Claudius, Saint

  Second-century bishop of Hierapolis, apologist

• Apollinaris, Saint

  Born in Vienne, became bishop of Valence, was exiled to Sardinia, d. 520

• Apollinaris (the Elder)

  A Christian grammarian of the fourth century, first at Berytus in Phoenicia, then at Laodicea in Syria

• Apollonia, Saint

  A virgin, possibly ordained, martyr at Alexandria in late 248 or early 249

• Apollonius of Ephesus

  Anti-Montanist Greek ecclesiastical writer, between 180 and 210

• Apologetics

  A theological science which has for its purpose the explanation and defence of the Christian religion

• Apolysis

  The dismissal blessing said by the Greek priest at the end of the Mass, Matins, or Vespers

• Apolytikion

  A dismissal prayer or hymn said or sung at the end of the Greek Mass and at other times during Matins and Vespers

• Apophthegmata Patrum

  Sayings of the Fathers of the Desert

• Aporti, Ferrante

  An educator and theologian, born at San Martino dell'Argine, province of Mantua, Italy, 20 Nov., 1791; died 14 Nov., 1858, at Turin

• Apostasy

  The word itself in its etymological sense, signifies the desertion of a post, the giving up of a state of life; he who voluntarily embraces a definite state of life cannot leave it, therefore, without becoming an apostate

• Apostle (in Liturgy)

  The name given by the Greek Church to the Epistle of the Divine Liturgy, which is invariably of Apostolic origin and never taken, as sometimes happens in the Roman Rite, from the Old Testament

• Apostles' Creed

  A formula containing in brief statements, or 'articles,' the fundamental tenets of Christian belief, and having for its authors, according to tradition, the Twelve Apostles

• Apostleship of Prayer, The

  A pious association otherwise known as a league of prayer in union with the Heart of Jesus

• Apostles of Erin, The Twelve

  Twelve holy Irishmen of the sixth century who went to study at the School of Clonard in Meath

• Apostle Spoons

  A set of thirteen spoons, usually silver, the handles of which are adorned with representations of Our Lord (the Master spoon) and the twelve Apostles

• Apostles, Portraits of the

  The earliest fresco representing Christ surrounded by the Apostles dates from the beginning of the fourth century...

• Apostles, The

  Apostolos (Apostle) means one who is sent forth, who is entrusted with a mission

• Apostolicae Curae

  A Bull of Leo XIII issued 15 September, 1896, and containing the latest papal decision with regard to the validity of Anglican orders

• Apostolicæ Sedis Moderationi

  A Bull of Pius IX (1846-78) which regulates anew the system of censures and reservations in the Catholic church

• Apostolicæ Servitutis

  A Bull issued by Benedict XIV, 23 February, 1741, against secular pursuits on the part of the clergy

• Apostolic Blessing

  The popes very often delegated to others the power to give this blessing in answer to petitions from princes, at the close of missions, and on such occasions

• Apostolic Camera

  The former central board of finance in the papal administrative system, which at one time was of great importance in the government of the States of the Church, and in the administration of justice

• Apostolic Churches

  All the individual orthodox churches could, in a sense, be called Apostolic Churches, because they were in some more or less mediate connection with the Apostles

• Apostolic Church-Ordinance

  A third-century pseudo-Apostolic collection of moral and hierarchical rules and instructions, compiled in the main from ancient Christian sources

• Apostolic College

  This term designates The Twelve Apostles as the body of men commissioned by Christ to spread the kingdom of God over the whole world and to give it the stability of a well-ordered society

• Apostolic Constitutions

  A fourth-century pseudo-Apostolic collection, in eight books, of independent, though closely related, treatises on Christian discipline, worship, and doctrine, intended to serve as a manual of guidance for the clergy, and to some extent for the laity

• Apostolic Executor

  A cleric who puts into execution a papal rescript, completing what is necessary in order that it be effective

• Apostolic Expeditors

  Officials who attend to the sending of Bulls, Briefs, and Rescripts, that emanate from the Apostolic Chancery, the Dataria, the Sacred Paenitentiaria, and the Secretariate of Briefs

• Apostolic Fathers, The

  Christian writers of the first and second centuries who are known, or are considered, to have had personal relations with some of the Apostles, or to have been so influenced by them that their writings may be held as echoes of genuine Apostolic teaching

• Apostolici

  The name of four different heretical bodies

• Apostolici Ministerii

  A Bull issued 23 May, 1724, by Innocent XIII, for the revival of ecclesiastical discipline in Spain

• Apostolici Regiminis

  A Bull issued 19 December, 1513, by Leo X, in defence of the Catholic doctrine concerning the immortality of the soul

• Apostolicity

  The mark by which the Church of today is recognized as identical with the Church founded by Jesus Christ upon the Apostles

• Apostolic Letters

  The letters of the Apostles to Christian communities or those in authority

• Apostolic Majesty

  A title given to the Kings of Hungary

• Apostolic See, The

  A metaphorical term, used, as happens in all languages, to express the abstract notion of authority by the concrete name of the place in which it is exercised

• Apostolic Succession

  Article claims that Apostolic succession is found in the Catholic Church and not in others

• Apostolicum Pascendi Munus

  A Bull issued by Clement XIII, 12 January, 1765, in defense of the Society of Jesus against the attacks made upon it

• Apostolic Union of Secular Priests, The

  An association of secular priests who observe a simple rule embodying the common duties of their state, afford mutual assistance in the functions of the ministry, and keep themselves in the spirit of their holy vocation by spiritual conferences

• Apotactics

  The adherents of a heresy which sprang up in the third century and spread through the western and southern parts of Asia Minor

• Apotheosis

  Deification, the exaltation of men to the rank of gods

• Apparitions

  The article deals not with natural but with supernatural visions, that is, visions due to the direct intervention of a power superior to man

• Apparitor

  The official name given to an officer in ecclesiastical courts designated to serve the summons, to arrest a person accused, and, in ecclesiastico-civil procedure, to take possession, physically or formally, of the property in dispute

• Appeal as from an abuse

  The object was to safeguard equally the rights both of the State and of the Church

• Appeals

  The purpose of this article is to give a comprehensive view of the positive legislation of the Church on appeals belonging to the ecclesiastical forum; but it does not treat of the nature of the ecclesiastical forum itself nor of the rights of the Church and its supreme head, the pope, to receive appeals in ecclesiastical matters

• Appetite

  A tendency, an inclination, or direction

• Approbation

  An act by which a bishop or other superior grants to an ecclesiastic the actual exercise of his ministry

• Appropriation

  In theology, appropriation is used in speaking of the different Persons of the Trinity

• Apse

  The semicircular or polygonal termination to the choir or aisles of a church

• Apse Chapel

  A chapel radiating tangentially from one of the bays or divisions of the apse, and reached generally by a semicircular passageway, or ambulatory, exteriorly to the walls or piers of the apse

• Apsidiole

  A small or secondary apse, one of the apses on either side of the main apse in a triapsidal church, or one of the apse-chapels when they project on the exterior of the church

• Apt, Council of

  Held 14 May, 1365, in the cathedral of that city by the archbishops and bishops of the provinces of Arles, Embrun, and Aix, in the south of France

• Aquarians

  A name given to several sects in the early Church

• Aquila

  An Italian archdiocese in the Abruzzi, directly dependent on the Holy See

• Aquila and Priscilla

  Jewish tentmakers, who left Rome in the Jewish persecution under Claudius, 49 or 50, and settled in Corinth

• Aquileia

  A former city of the Roman Empire, situated at the head of the Adriatic

• Aquileia, Councils of

  A council held in 381, presided over by St. Valerian of Aquileia

• Aquileian Rite

  Aquileia and certain of its suffragan sees had a special rite but they do not give any clear indication as to what this rite was

• Aquinas, St. Thomas

  Lengthy article on the life, writings, and influence of this philosopher, theologian, and Doctor of the Church. Called the Angelic Doctor. Died in 1274

• Aquino, Sora, and Pontecorvo

  An Italian diocese immediately subject to the Holy See

• Arabia

  The cradle of Islam and, in all probability, the primitive home of the Semitic race

• Arabia, Councils of

  In 246 and 247 two councils were held at Bostra in Arabia against Beryllus, Bishop of the see, and others who maintained with him that the soul perished and arose again with the body

• Arabian School of Philosophy

  A circumstance which favoured the study of letters and philosophy was the accession to the throne about A.D. 750 of the Abassides, an enlightened line of Caliphs who encouraged learning, and patronized the representatives, chiefly Syrian and Persian, of foreign culture

• Arabia, Vicariate Apostolic of

  Arabia formerly belonged to the mission of Galla (Africa), but was made a separate prefecture Apostolic by Pius IX, 21 Jan., 1875

• Arabici

  A small sect of the third century, whose founder is unknown, and which is commonly named from Arabia, where it flourished, but sometimes also Thanatopsychitae

• Arabissus

  A titular see of Armenia, suffragan of Melitene

• Arad

  A titular see of Palestine

• Aragon and Castile

  The united kingdom which came into existence by the marriage (1469) of Isabella, heiress of Castile, with Ferdinand the Catholic, King of Aragon

• Aranda, Council of

  Spanish Council held in 1473

• Aranda, Philip

  Jesuit theologian (1642-1695)

• Aran, The Monastic School of

  During three hundred years from about 500 to 800, Aran Mor and its sister islands were a famous centre of sanctity and learning, which attracted holy men from all parts of Ireland to study the science of the saints in this remote school of the West

• Arason Jón

  The last Catholic bishop of Iceland before the introduction of Protestantism (1484-1550)

• Arator

  A Christian poet of the sixth century, probably of Ligurian origin

• Araucania

  Prefecture Apostolic in Chile

• Araucanians

  Indian tribe in Chile

• Araujo, Antonio de

  Brazilian missionary (d. 1632)

• Araujo, Francisco de

  Spanish theologian (1580-1664)

• Arawaks

  The first American aborigines met by Columbus

• Arbieto, Ignacio de

  Jesuit (1585-1676)

• Arbitration

  A method of arranging differences between two parties by referring them to the judgment of a disinterested outsider whose decision the parties to a dispute agree in advance to accept as in some way binding

• Arbogast, Saint

  Irish, traveled to the Continent and became a hermit, bishop of Strasburg, famous for miracles. He died in 678

• Arbroath, Abbey of

  Founded on the east coast of Scotland (1178) by William the Lion, for Benedictines, and was colonized by monks from Kelso

• Arbuthnott, Missal of

  A manuscript Scottish missal or mass-book, written in 1491 by James Sibbald, priest of Arbuthnott, in Scotland, for use in that church

• Arca

  A box in which the Eucharist was kept by the primitive Christians in their homes

• Arcachon, Our Lady of

  A miraculous image venerated at Arcachon, France, and to all appearances the work of the thirteenth century

• Arcadelt, Jacob

  A distinguished musician, born in Holland at the close of the fifteenth, or at the beginning of the sixteenth century. Article with details of secular and religious compositions, especially madrigals and masses

• Arcadiopolis

  A titular see of Asia Minor

• Arcae

  A titular see on the coast of Phoenicia, between Tripolis and Antaradus, suffragan of Tyre

• Arcanum

  An Encyclical Letter on Christian marriage, issued 10 February, 1880, by Leo XIII

• Arch

  A structure composed of separate pieces, such as stone or bricks, having the shape of truncated wedges, arranged on a curved line so as to retain their position by mutual pressure

• Archæology, Christian

  That branch of the science which is the study of ancient Christian monuments

• Archæology, The Commission of Sacred

  Founded in the middle of the nineteenth century for the purpose of promoting and directing excavations in the Roman Catacombs and on other sites of Christian antiquarian interest

• Archange de Lyon

  A preacher of the Capuchin order whose name was Michael Desgranges (1736-1822)

• Archbishop

  An archbishop or metropolitan, in the present sense of the term, is a bishop who governs a diocese strictly his own, while he presides at the same time over the bishops of a well-defined district composed of simple dioceses but not of provinces

• Archconfraternity

  A confraternity empowered to aggregate or affiliate other confraternities of the same nature, and to impart to them its indulgences and privileges

• Archdeacon

  The incumbent of an ecclesiastical office dating back to antiquity and up to the fifteenth century of great importance in diocesan administration, particularly in the West

• Archdeacon, Richard

  An Irish Jesuit, whose name is sometimes given as Archdekin or Arsdekin (1620-1693)

• Archdiocese

  Not an ecclesiastical province, but only that diocese of the province which is the archbishop's own

• Archelais

  A titular see of Palestine

• Archer, James

  An English missionary priest (1751-1832)

• Arches, The Court of

  Was held in the Church of St. Mary le Bow (Sancta Maria de Arcubus), in Cheapside, the chief and most ancient court and consistory of the jurisdiction of the Archbishop of Canterbury

• Archiereus

  A Greek word for bishop, when considered as the culmination of the priesthood

• Archimandrite

  In the Greek Rite the superior of a monastery or of several monasteries

• Archinto, Filipo

  An Italian theologian and diplomatist (1500-1558)

• Architecture, Ecclesiastical

  All ecclesiastical architecture may be said to have been evolved from two distinct germ-cells, the oblong and the circular chamber

• Architecture, Gothic

  History of the style

• Archives, Ecclesiastical

  A collection of documents, records, and memorials, pertaining to the origin, foundation, growth, history, and constitutions of a diocese, parish, monastery, or religious community under the jurisdiction of the Church

• Archontics

  A Gnostic sect which existed in Palestine and Armenia about the middle of the fourth century

• Archpriest

  Since the fourth century numerous dioceses had an archpriest, or head of the college of presbyters, who aided and represented the bishop in the discharge of his liturgical and religious duties

• Archpriest Controversy

  Arose in England on the appointment of George Blackwell as archpriest with jurisdiction over the secular clergy of England and Scotland, by the Holy See on 7 March, 1598

• Arcosolium

  Term applied by the primitive Christians to one form of the tombs that exist in the Roman catacombs

• Arculf

  A Frankish Bishop of the latter part of the seventh century

• Ardagh

  An Irish diocese in the ecclesiastical province of Armagh, takes its name from a town in the parish and barony of same name in county Longford, province of Leinster

• Ardbraccan

  Site of an ancient abbey, now a parish and village in the county Meath, Ireland

• Ardchatten, The Priory of

  An Argyllshire house belonging to the Order of Vallis Caulium, or Val des Choux (the Valley of Cabbages), founded by Duncan Mackoul about A.D. 1230 and dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary and St. John Baptist

• Arden, Edward

  An English Catholic, executed during the reign of Queen Elizabeth

• Ardilliers, Notre Dame des

  A statue, fountain, and Church of Our Lady at Saumur, France

• Aremberg, Prince Charles d'

  Definitor-general and Commissary of the Capuchins (d. 1669)

• Areopolis

  Titular See of Palestine

• Arequipa, Diocese of

  Suffragan of the Archdiocese of Lima, Peru

• Arethas of Caesarea

  Born at Patrae, Greece, about 860

• Arethusa

  A titular see of Syria near Apameia

• Arévalo, Faustino

  Jesuit hymnographer and patrologist (1747-1824)

• Arévalo, Rodríguez Sanchez de

  A learned Spanish bishop (1404-1470)

• Arezzo

  A diocese of Tuscany, in Italy, which is directly dependent on the Holy See. It

• Argenson, Pierre de Voyer d'

  Called the vicomte d'Argenson, chevalier, vicomte de Mouze, seigneur de Chastres, was the fifth Governor-General of Canada (1657-61), b. 1626; d. 1710

• Argentina

  A South American confederation of fourteen provinces, or States, united by a federal Constitution framed on the same lines as the Constitution of the United States of America

• Argos

  A titular see of Peloponnesian Greece, from the fifth to the twelfth century

• Argüello, Luis Antonio

  Governor of California, born at San Francisco, 1784; died there in 1830

• Argyll and the Isles, Diocese of

  The Diocese of Argyll, founded about 1200, was separated from the Diocese of Dunkeld; it included the western part of Dunkeld, beyond the Drumalban mountain range, together with the Isle of Lismore, in which the cathedral was erected

• Argyropulos, John

  Humanist, and translator of Aristotle, born at Constantinople, 1416; died at Rome about 1486

• Arialdo, Saint

  A canon of Milan, reformer, martyr, murdered by agents of the bishop of Milan in 1065

• Arianism

  Founded by Arius, belief asserting that Christ was not God like the Father, but a creature made in time. Rejected by the Council of Constantinople (381)

• Ariano

  Diocese in the Archdiocese of Beneventum

• Arias de Avila, Pedro

  A Spanish knight from Segovia, b. about the middle of the fifteenth century; d. at Leon, 1530

• Arias, Francis

  Writer of ascetical treatises, born at Seville in Spain, 1533, died in that place, 15 May, 1605

• Arias Montanus, Benedictus

  Orientalist, exegete, and editor of the 'Antwerp Polyglot', born at Frejenal de la Sierra in Estremadura, Spain, 1527; died at Seville, 1598

• Ariassus

  A titular see of Pamphylia in Asia Minor

• Aribo

  Archbishop of Mainz; date of birth unknown; d. 6 April, 1032

• Arindela

  A titular see of Palestine

• Ariosto, Ludovico

  Son of Nicolo Ariosto, Governor of Reggio, and Daria Malaguzzi, born at Reggio in Emilia, 8 September, 1474; died at Ferrara, 6 June, 1533

• Aristeas

  A name given in Josephus to the author of a letter ascribing the Greek translation of the Old Testament to six interpreters sent into Egypt from Jerusalem

• Aristides

  A Christian apologist living at Athens in the second century

• Aristotle

  Philosopher, born at Stagira, a Grecian colony in the Thracian peninsula Chalcidice, 384 B.C.; died at Chalcis, in Euboea, 322 B.C

• Arius

  An heresiarch, born about A.D. 250; died 336

• Arizona

  Includes history, population, and government details from early in the twentieth century

• Arkansas

  Includes history, climate, government, education, and Catholic information

• Ark, Noah's

  The form, very likely foursquare, was not convenient for navigation, but, as has been proven by the experiments of Peter Jansen and M. Vogt, it made the Ark a very suitable device for shipping heavy cargoes and floating upon the waves without rolling or pitching

• Ark of the Covenant

  A kind of chest, measuring two cubits and a half in length, a cubit and a half in breadth, and a cubit and a half in height

• Arlegui, Fray José

  A Spaniard from Biscay, first attached to the Franciscan province of Cantabria, then transferred to Zacatecas in Mexico

• Arles, The Synods of

  The first Council of Arles was held in 314, for the purpose of putting an end to the Donatist controversy

• Armada, The Spanish

  A fleet intended to invade England and to put an end to the long series of English aggressions against the colonies and possessions of the Spanish Crown

• Armagh

  Archdiocese founded by St. Patrick about 445, as the primatial and metropolitan see of Ireland

• Armagh, The Book of

  A famous Irish-Latin manuscript preserved in the Library of Trinity College in Dublin

• Armagh, The School of

  The School of Armagh seems to have been the oldest, and down to the time of the Anglo-Norman invasion continued to be one of the most celebrated, of the ancient schools of Ireland

• Armagnac, Georges d'

  French cardinal and diplomatist, b. c. 1501; d. 2 June, 1585

• Armellino, Mariano

  Benedictine historian (1657-1737)

• Armenia

  A mountainous region of Western Asia occupying a somewhat indefinite area to the southeast of the Black Sea

• Armenierstadt

  A city in the Transylvanian county of Szolnok-Doboka

• Armentia, Fray Nicolás

  Bishop of La Paz, appointed 22 October, 1901; b. at Bemedo, diocese of Vittoria, Spain, 5 December, 1845

• Armidale

  A diocese situated in New South Wales

• Arminianism

  The popular designation of the doctrines held by a party formed in the early days of the seventeenth century among the Calvinists of the Netherlands

• Arnauld

  Celebrated French family, the history of which is connected with that of Jansenism and of Port-Royal

• Arne, Thomas Augustine

  Brief biography of the eighteenth-century English composer

• Arni Thorlaksson

  An Icelandic bishop, b. in Iceland, 1237; d. at Bergen, 1297

• Arnobius

  A Christian apologist, flourished during the reign of Diocletian (284-305)

• Arnold

  Name of several medieval figures

• Arnoldi, Alberto

  Italian sculptor and architect, b. at Florence, fourteenth century

• Arnoldi, Bartholomaeus

  Usually called Usingen, after his birthplace, an Augustinian friar, teacher of Luther, and with him inmate of the Augustinian monastery at Erfurt (1463-1532)

• Arnold of Brescia

  Born at Brescia towards the end of the eleventh century, date of death uncertain

• Arnolfo di Cambio

  Sometimes called di Lapo, the principal master of Italian Gothic, b. at Florence, about 1232

• Arnoudt, Peter Joseph

  Jesuit spiritual writer (1811-1865)

• Arnpeck, Veit

  Bavarian historian, b. at Landshut in 1440; d. at the same place about the year 1505

• Arnulf of Bavaria

  Son of Luitpold of the Agilulfing family and of Kunigunde, and Duke of Bavaria from 907 to 937

• Arnulf of Lisieux

  Studied canon law at Rome, and wrote in defence of Pope Innocent II a violent letter against Gerard, Bishop of Angouleme

• Arnulf of Metz, Saint

  Frankish civil servant at the court of Austrasia, bishop of Metz, hermit, d. about 640

• Arras

  Diocese comprising the Department of Pas-de-Calais in France

• Arras, Councils of

  In 1025 a council was held at Arras against certain (Manichaean) heretics who rejected the sacraments of the Church

• Arriaga, Pablo José

  Jesuit missionary to Peru (1564-1621)

• Arricivita, Juan

  A native of Mexico in the eighteenth century

• Arrighetti, Nicola

  Mathematician, b. at Florence and died there in 1639

• Arrighetti, Nicolò

  A professor of natural philosophy at Spoleto, Prato, and Sienna, b. at Florence, 17 March, 1709; d. 31 January, 1767

• Arrowsmith, Venerable Edmund

  English Jesuit and martyr, d. 1628. Short biography

• Arsacidæ

  It was under the Dynasty of the Arsacids, who ruled the Persian empire from the year 256 B.C. to A.D. 224, that Christianity found its way into the countries watered by the Euphrates and the Tigris

• Arsenius Autorianos

  Patriarch of Constantinople (d. 1273)

• Arsenius, Saint

  A Roman, was tutor to the emperor's children before fleeing to the monastery of St. John the Dwarf. Arsenius died in 450

• Arsinoe

  A titular see of Egypt, now Medinet el Fayum

• Art, Christian

  Also called ecclesiastical art

• Art, Ecclesiastical

  Article explores the origin, history, and types

• Artemon

  Mentioned as the leader of an Antitrinitarian sect at Rome, in the third century

• Arthur, James

  A Dominican friar, and a theologian of note, b. at Limerick, Ireland, early in the seventeenth century; d (probably) 1670

• Arthur, Thomas

  A celebrated Catholic physician of the seventeenth century, born at Limerick, 1593, died c. 1666

• Articles of Faith

  Certain revealed supernatural truths such as those contained in the symbol of the Apostles

• Articles, The Organic

  A name given to a law regulating public worship, comprising 77 articles relative to Catholicism, and 44 relative to Protestantism, presented by order of Napoleon to the Tribunate and the legislative body at the same time that he made these two bodies vote on the Concordat itself

• Artoklasia

  A peculiar service in the Greek Church performed as the concluding part of Vespers

• Arts, Bachelor of

  A degree marking the completion of the traditional curriculum of the college

• Arts, Master of

  An academic degree higher than that of Bachelor

• Arts, The Faculty of

  One of the four traditional divisions of the teaching body of the university

• Arts, The Seven Liberal

  Chiefly used during the Middle Ages. Doesn't mean arts as the word is understood today, but those branches of knowledge which were taught in the schools of that time

• Artvin

  A Russian city in the trans-Caucasian province of Kutais

• Arundell

  Thomas, first Lord Arundell of Wardour

• Arundel, Thomas

  Sixtieth Archbishop of Canterbury, second son of Robert, Earl of Arundel and Warren, b. 1353; d. 19 February, 1414

• Asaph, Saint

  First bishop of the Welsh town named after him. Second half of sixth century

• Ascalon

  A titular see of Palestine

• Ascelin

  Ambassador of Innocent IV (1243-54) to the Tartars

• Ascendente Domino

  A Bull issued by Gregory XIII, 24 May, 1584, in favor of the Society of Jesus, to confirm the constitution of the Society, and the privileges already granted to it by Paul III, Julius III, Paul IV, and Pius V

• Ascension

  The elevation of Christ into heaven by His own power in presence of His disciples the fortieth day after His Resurrection

• Ascension, Feast of the

  The fortieth day after Easter Sunday, commemorating the Ascension of Christ into heaven, according to Mark 16:19, Luke 24:51, and Acts 1:2

• Ascetical Theology

  Briefly defined as the scientific exposition of Christian asceticism

• Asceticism

  The word asceticism comes from the Greek askesis which means practice, bodily exercise, and more especially, atheletic training

• Aschbach, Joseph, Ritter von

  German historian (1801-1882)

• Ascoli-Piceno

  Diocese comprising sixteen towns in the Province of Ascoli-Piceno, two in that of Aquila, and two in that of Teramo, Italy

• Ascoli, Satriano, and Cirignola

  An Italian diocese, suffragan to the Archdiocese of Beneventum

• Aseity

  The property by which a being exists of and from itself

• Aseneth

  The daughter of Putiphare (Poti-phera), priest of On

• Aser

  Details four uses of this name

• Asgaard

  Enclosure, garden; the Garden of the Gods

• Ashby, George

  Martyred English monk (d. 1537)

• Ashby, Thomas

  Suffered at Tyburn, 29 March, 1544

• Ashes

  A number of passages in the Old Testament connect ashes with mourning

• Ashley, Venerable Ralph

  English Jesuit lay-brother, cook and domestic servant, was tortured and martyred in 1606

• Ashton, John

  An early Jesuit missionary in Maryland; born in Ireland, 1742; died in Maryland, 1814, or 1815

• Ashton, Venerable Roger

  Martyr, third son of Richard Ashton of Croston, in Lancashire. Hanged, drawn, and quartered at Tyburn, 23 June, 1592

• Ash Wednesday

  The Wednesday after Quinquagesima Sunday, which is the first day of the Lenten fast

• Asia

  Article intended to give a rapid survey of the geography, ethnography, political and religious history of Asia, and especially of the rise, progress, and actual condition of Asiatic Christianity and Catholicism

• Asia Minor

  The peninsular mass that the Asiatic continent projects westward of an imaginary line running from the Gulf of Alexandretta (Issus) on the Mediterranean to the vicinity of Trebizond (Trapezus) on the Black Sea

• Asiongaber

  More properly Ezion-geber, a city of Idumea, situated on the northern extremity of the Aelanitic Gulf, now called the Gulf of Akabah

• Aske, Robert

  English insurgent (d. 1537)

• Asmodeus

  Demon mentioned in the Book of Tobias

• Aspendus

  A titular see of Pamphylia in Asia Minor

• Asperges

  The rite of sprinkling the congregation with holy water before the principal Mass on Sunday

• Aspilcueta, Martin

  Spanish canonist and moral theologian (1491-1586)

• Assam

  A Prefecture Apostolic in the ecclesiastical province of Calcutta, India, established in 1889

• Assemani

  An illustrious Maronite family of Mount Lebanon, Syria, four members of which, all ecclesiastics, distinguished themselves during the eighteenth century in the East and in Europe

• Assemblies of the French Clergy

  Meetings of the Clergy of France for the purpose of apportioning the financial burdens laid upon the Church by the kings of France, and incidentally for other ecclesiastical purposes

• Asser, John

  A learned monk of St David's, Menevia, b. in Pembrokeshire; d. probably, 910

• Asses, Feast of

  The feast dates from the eleventh century, though the source which suggested it is much older

• Assessor of the Holy Office

  An official of the Congregation of the Inquisition

• Assessors

  In ecclesiastical law, learned persons who function is to counsel a judge with whom they are associated in the trial of causes

• Assicus, Saint

  St. Patrick's coppersmith, also a renowned bellfounder, Bishop of Elphin

• Assideans

  The maintainers of the Mosaic Law against the invasion of Greek customs

• Assimilation, Physiological

  The vital function by which an organism changes nutrient material into living protoplasm

• Assimilation, Psychological

  As applied to a mental process, assimilation derives all its force and meaning from the analogy which many educationists have found to exist between the way in which food is incorporated into the living tissue and the manner in which truth is acquired by the growing mind

• Assisi

  Diocese in Umbria

• Assistant at the Pontifical Throne

  Those prelates who belong to the Papal Chapel and hold toward the Pope much the same relation as cathedral canons do to the bishop

• Assizes of Jerusalem

  The code of laws enacted by the Crusaders for the government of the Kingdom of Jerusalem

• Assmayer, Ignaz

  An Austrian musician, born at Salzburg, 11 February, 1790; died in Vienna, 31 August, 1862

• Association of Ideas

  A principle in psychology to account for the succession of mental states

• Association of Priestly Perseverance

  A sacerdotal association founded in 1868 at Vienna, and at first confined to that Archdiocese

• Association, Right of Voluntary

  Any group of individuals freely united for the pursuit of a common end

• Associations, Pious

  Under this term are comprehended all those organizations, approved and indulgenced by Church authority, which have been instituted especially in recent times, for the advancement of various works of piety and charity

• Ass, The, in Caricature of Christians

  The calumny of onolatry, or ass-worship, attributed by Tacitus and other writers to the Jews, was afterwards, by the hatred of the latter, transferred to the Christians

• Assuerus

  The name of two different persons in the Bible

• Assumption, Augustinians of the

  Had its origin in the College of the Assumption, established in Nimes France, in 1843

• Assumption, Little Sisters of the

  A congregation whose work is the nursing of the sick poor in their own homes

• Assumption of Mary

  The principal feast of the Blessed Virgin

• Assumption, Sisters of the

  A congregation of French nuns devoted to the teaching of young girls

• Assur (multiple definitions)

  Three definitions

• Assur (titular see)

  A titular see of Proconsular Africa, now Henchir-Zenfour

• Assyria

  Includes geographical and historical information

• Assyrian Rite

  This rite is used by the Nestorians and also by Eastern Catholic bodies — in Syria, Mesopotamia, Persia, and Malabar — who have separated from them

• Asterisk

  This is a utensil for the Liturgy according to the Greek Rite, which is not used in Roman Rite

• Asterius

  Name of several prominent persons in early Christian history

• Asti

  One of the divisions of the province of Alexandria, and suffragan of Turin

• Aston

  The name of several English Catholics of prominence

• Astorga

  Diocese in Spain, suffragan of Valladolid

• Astrology

  The supposed science which determines the influence of the stars, especially of the five older planets, on the fate of man

• Astronomy

  Divided into two main branches, astrometry and astrophysics; the former concerned with determining the places of the investigation of the heavenly bodies, the latter, with the investigation of their chemical and physical nature

• Astronomy in the Bible

  Includes examples of Old and New Testament references

• Astros, Paul-Thérèse-David d'

  French cardinal (1772-1851)

• Astruc, Jean

  Son of a converted Protestant minister (1684-1766)

• Atahuallpa

  Son of the Inca war chief Huayna Capac and an Indian woman from Quito

• Atahualpa, Jean Santos

  Claimed to have been sent by God to drive the Spaniards from western South America

• Atavism

  Duchesne introduced the word to designate those cases in which species revert spontaneously to what are presumably long-lost characters

• Athabasca

  Suffragan of Saint Boniface; erected 8 April, 1862, by Pius IX

• Athanasian Creed, The

  One of the symbols of the Faith approved by the Church and given a place in her liturgy

• Athanasius, Saint

  Long article on the Bishop of Alexandria, confessor and Doctor of the Church

• Atheism

  That system of thought which is formally opposed to theism

• Athelney, The Abbey of

  Established in the County of Somerset, England. Founded by King Alfred, A.D. 888, as a religious house for monks of the Order of St. Benedict

• Athenagoras

  A Christian apologist of the second half of the second century of whom no more is known than that he was an Athenian philosopher and a convert to Christianity

• Athenry

  A small inland town in the county Galway, Ireland, anciently called Athnere, from Ath-na-Riagh, the king's ford, or the abode of the king

• Athens, Christian

  History of the Church in Athens

• Athens, Modern Diocese of

  The majority of Catholics who live within the Diocese of Athens are foreigners, or of foreign descent

• Athias, Joseph

  Issued two editions of the Hebrew Bible

• Athos, Mount

  The mountain that the architect Dinocrates offered to turn into a statue of Alexander the Great with a city in one hand and in the other a perennially flowing spring

• Atienza, Juan de

  Jointly with Father Jose de Acosta, directed the publication of catechisms and textbooks of Christian doctrine for the use of the Indians

• Atkinson, James

  English Catholic confessor (d. 1595)

• Atkinson, Nicholas

  English priest and martyr (d. 1610)

• Atkinson, Paul, of St. Francis

  One of the notable confessors of the English Church during the age which succeeded the persecution of blood

• Atkinson, Sarah

  Irish philanthropist and biographer (1823-1893)

• Atkinson, Ven. Thomas

  Priest martyred at York in 1616

• Atom

  Primarily, the smallest particle of matter which can exist

• Atomism

  The system of those who hold that all bodies are composed of minute, indivisible particles of matter called atoms

• Atonement, Day of

  A most solemn fast, on which no food could be taken throughout the day, and servile works were forbidden

• Atonement, Doctrine of the

  In Catholic theology, the Atonement is the Satisfaction of Christ, whereby God and the world are reconciled or made to be at one

• Atrib

  A titular see of Lower Egypt

• Atrium

  An open place or court before a church

• Attainder

  An Act of Parliament for putting a man to death or for otherwise punishing him without trial in the usual form

• Attala, Saint

  Burgundian monk, companion of St. Columban in exile, co-founder and abbot of Bobbio, d. 627

• Attalia

  A titular metropolitan see of Pamphylia in Asia Minor

• Attaliates, Michael

  Byzantine stateman and historian, probably a native of Attalia in Pamphylia

• Atticus

  Patriarch of Constantinople (406-425), born at Sebaste in Armenia; died 425

• Attigny, Councils of

  Several councils held here are detailed

• Attila the Hun

  Life and times of the legendary king

• Attiret, Jean Denis

  Painter, born at Dole, France, 31 July, 1702; died at Pekin, 8 December, 1768

• Atto

  A faithful follower of Gregory VII in his conflict with the simoniac clergy

• Atto of Pistoia

  Bishop of Pistoia (1070-1155)

• Atto of Vercelli

  A learned theologian and canonist of the tenth century

• Attracta, Saint

  Contemporary of St. Patrick, founder of a hospice and several churches

• Attributes, Divine

  In order to form a more systematic idea of God, and as far as possible, to unfold the implications of the truth, God is All-Perfect, this infinite Perfection is viewed, successively, under various aspects, each of which is treated as a separate perfection and characteristic inherent to the Divine Substance, or Essence. A certain group of these, of paramount import, is called the Divine Attributes

• Attrition

  Also called 'imperfect contrition.' Definition, its relation to sacramental penance, and moral considerations

• Attuda

  A titular see of Phrygia in Asia Minor

• Aubarède, Jean-Michel-d'Astorg

  Canon regular, and Vicar Capitular of Pamiers, born 1639; died 4 August, 1692

• Aubermont, Jean-Aontoine d'

  Theologian of Bois-le-Duc; died 22 November, 1686

• Aubery, Joseph

  Jesuit missionary in Canada, born at Gisors in Normandy.(1673-1755)

• Aubignac, François Hédelin, Abbé d'

  Grammarian, poet, preacher, archeologist, philologist (1604-1676)

• Aubusson, Pierre d'

  Grand Master of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, born 1423; died 1503

• Auch

  Archdiocese; comprises the Department of Gers in France

• Auckland

  Diocese comprising the Provincial District of Auckland (New Zealand), with its islets, and the Kermadec Group

• Auctorem Fidei

  A Bull issued by Pius VI, 28 August, 1794, in condemnation of the Gallican and Jansenist acts and tendencies of the Synod of Pistoia (1786)

• Audiences, Pontifical

  The receptions given by the pope to cardinals, sovereigns, princes, ambassadors, and other persons, ecclesiastical or lay, having business with or interest in the Holy See

• Audiffredi

  Born at Saorgio, near Nice, in 1734; died at Rome, July, 1794

• Audin, J.-M.-Vincent

  Writer, born at Lyons in 1793; died in Paris, 21 February, 1851

• Audisio, Guglielmo

  Devoted himself to historical studies, especially in illustration of the papacy (1801-1882)

• Auditor

  The designation of certain officials of the Roman Curia, whose duty it is to hear and examine the causes submitted to the pope

• Audran

  The family name of four generations of distinguished French artists, natives of Paris and Lyons, which included eight prominent engravers and two painters

• Auenbrugger, Leopold

  An Austrian physician, born 19 November, 1722; died 17 May, 1807

• Aufsees, Jobst Bernhard von

  Canon of Bamberg and Wuerzburg, born 28 March, 1671, on the family estate of Mengersdorf; died 2 April, 1738

• Auger, Edmond

  Entered the Society of Jesus while St. Ignatius was still living, and was regarded as one of the most eloquent men of his time (1530-1591)

• Augilæ

  A titular see of Cyrenaica in Northern Africa

• Augsburg

  Diocese in the Kingdom of Bavaria, Germany, suffragan of the Archdiocese of Munich-Freising

• Augsburg, Synods of

  Two general imperial synods were held in Augsburg. The first, convened in August, 952, through the efforts of Emperor Otto the Great, provided for the reform of abuses in civil and ecclesiastical life. A similar synod, convened by Anno, Archbishop of Cologne (27 October, 1062), was occupied with the internal conditions of the empire and the attitude of the Church of Germany towards the schism of Cadalus, antipope during the reign of Alexander II

• Augusta

  A titular see of Cilicia in Asia Minor

• Augustine of Canterbury, Saint

  Biographical article on the monk who was the first Archbishop of Canterbury, called 'Apostle of the English.'

• Augustine of Hippo, Saint

  Biography, with extensive hyperlinks to related articles

• Augustine of Hippo, Teaching of Saint

  Article on Augustine as a Doctor of the Church, and his influence in the history of philosophy and theology. Particular interest in his teaching on grace

• Augustine of Hippo, Works of Saint

  Annotated bibliography of Augustine's principal writings

• Augustine, Rule of Saint

  Names the five documents sometimes identified as the Rule of Augustine, quickly narrows the field to two contenders, settles on Letter 211. Also deals with Augustine's relation to monasticism

• Augustinian Canons

  According to St. Thomas Aquinas, a canon regular is essentially a religious cleric

• Augustinians

  A religious order which in the thirteenth century combined several monastic societies into one, under this name

• Augustinus, Antonius

  Historian of canon law and Archbishop of Tarragona in Spain, born at Saragossa 26 February, 1517, of a distinguished family; died at Tarragona, 31 May, 1586

• Augustinus-Verein, The

  An association organized in 1878 to promote the interests of the Catholic press, particularly the daily press, of Germany

• Augustin von Alfeld

  One of the earliest and most aggressive opponents of Luther, born in the village of Alfeld, near Hildesheim, from which he took his surname; died probably in 1532

• Augustopolis

  A titular see of Palestine, suffragan of Petra

• Augustus

  The name by which Caius Julius Caesar Octavianus, the first Roman emperor, in whose reign Jesus Christ was born, is usually known; born at Rome, 62 B.C.; died A.D. 14

• Augustus Abbey, Fort

  A Benedictine monastery in Inverness-shire, Scotland

• Aulne Abbey

  A former Cistercian monastery near Landelies on the Sambre in the Diocese of Liege

• Aumbry

  Its original meaning was a cupboard and it has never lost this more general sense, but even in classical Latin it had of it acquired in addition the special signification of a cupboard of holding books

• Aunarius, Saint

  Bishop of Auxerre, d. 603

• Aurea

  A title given to certain works and documents

• Aurelian

  Roman Emperor, 270-275, born near Sirmium in Pannonia, 9 September, 214; died 275

• Aureliopolis

  A titular see of Lydia in Asia Minor

• Aurelius

  Archbishop of Carthage from 388 to 423

• Aurelius Antoninus, Marcus

  Second-century Roman emperor and philosopher

• Aureoli, Petrus

  Brief article by E.A. Pace notes the highlights of Aureol's intellectual career

• Auriesville

  The site of the Mohawk village, Montgomery County, New York, U.S.A., in which Father Issac Jogues, and his companions, Goupil and Lalande, were put to death for the Faith by the Indians

• Aurispa, Giovanni

  A famous ltalian humanist and collector of Greek manuscripts, born about 1369 at Noto, in Sicily; died at Ferrara in 1459

• Aurora Lucis Rutilat

  One of the Ambrosian hymns

• Ausculta Fili

  A letter addressed 5 December 1301, by Pope Boniface VIII to Philip the Fair, King of France

• Ausonius, Decimus Magnus

  Professor and poet (310-394)

• Austin, John

  An English lawyer and writer, born 1613 at Walpole, in Norfolk; died London, 1669

• Australia

  Includes history, education, and religious statistics

• Austremonius, Saint

  Apostle of Auverne, said to have been the first bishop of Clermont. Probably early fourth century

• Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, The

  The European monarchy whose dominions have for their main life-distributing artery the River Danube, in its course from Engelhartszell, near Passau, to Orsova. South of the Danube lie the Austrian Alpine provinces and the provinces of Carinthia and Carnola; north of the Danube are the Carpathian and Sudetic provinces

• Authentic

  The term is used in two senses. It is applied first to a book or document whose contents are invested with a special authority, in virtue of which the work is called authentic. In its second sense it is used as a synonym for 'genuine', and therefore means that a work really emanates from the author to whom it is ascribed

• Authenticity of the Bible

  The authority of Holy Writ is twofold on account of its twofold authorship: human authors and divine inspiration

• Authority, Civil

  The moral power of command, supported by physical coercion, which the State exercises over its members

• Authorized Version, The

  Historical background on the AV, also called the King James Bible

• Autocephali

  A designation in early Christian times of certain bishops who were subject to no patriarch or metropolitan, but depended directly on the triennial provincial synod or on the Apostolic See

• Autos Sacramentales

  A form of dramatic literature which is peculiar to Spain, though in some respects similar in character to the old Morality plays of England

• Autpert, Ambrose

  An early medieval writer and abbot of the Benedictine Order, born in France, early in the eighth century

• Autran, Joseph

  French poet, born at Marseilles 20 June, 1813; died in the same city, 6 March, 1877

• Autun

  Comprises the entire Department of Saone et Loire in France. It was suffragan to the Archdiocese of Lyons under the old regime

• Auxentius, Junior

  Originally Mercurinus, a Scythian, and a disciple of Ulfilas, or Wulfila, of whose life and death he wrote an account

• Auxentius of Milan

  Ordained (343) to the priesthood by Gregory, the intruded Bishop of Alexandria

• Auxentius of Mopsuestia

  Although he is identified in the Roman Martyrology, at least one scholar thinks that this bishop was an Arian

• Auxerre, Councils of

  In 585 (or 578) a Council of Auxerre held under St. Annacharius formulated forty-five canons, closely related in context to canons of the contemporary Councils of Lyons and Macon

• Auxiliary Bishop

  A bishop deputed to a diocesan who, capable of governing and administering his diocese, is unable to perform the pontifical functions; or whose diocese is so extensive that it requires the labors of more than one; or whose episcopal see has attached to it a royal or imperial office requiring protracted presence at court

• Auxilius of Naples

  The name (probably fictitious, according to Hefele) of an ecclesiastic to whom we owe a series of remarkable writings (P.L., CXXIX, 1054 sqq.) that deal with the controversies concerning the succession and fate of Pope Formosus (891-896), and especially the validity of the orders conferred by him

• Ava

  A German poetess, the first woman known to have written in German and probably identical with a recluse of that name who died in Austria in the vicinity of Melk, A.D. 1127

• Avancini, Nicola

  Chiefly known as an ascetical writer, born in the Tyrol, 1612; died 6 December, 1686

• Avarice

  The inordinate love for riches

• Avatar

  The word is used, in a technical sense, in the Hindu religion to denote the descent upon earth of a portion of the essence of a god, which then assumes some coarser material form, be it animal, monster, or man

• Avaugour, Pierre du Bois, Baron d'

  Sixth Governor General of Canada

• Avellino

  An Italian diocese in the Province of Naples, suffragan to Benevento

• Ave Maria

  Analysis of the prayer Ave Maria: origins and development

• Ave Maris Stella

  The first verse of an unrhymed, accentual hymn, of seven strophes of four lines each, assigned in Roman Breviary to Vespers in the Common office, the Office of Saturdays, and the Little Office (as well as for Feasts) of the Blessed Virgin

• Avempace

  Arabian philosopher, physician, astronomer, mathematician, and poet, b. at Saragossa towards the end of the eleventh century; d. at Fez, 1138

• Avendano, Fernando

  Priest, native of Lima, spoke Quichua. Died 1665, shortly after being named bishop of Santiago de Chile

• Averbode

  A Premonstratensian abbey belonging to the circary of Brabant and situated near Diest in the Archdiocese of Malines

• Ave Regina

  An antiphon so called from its first line, Ave regina caelorum (Hail, Queen of Heaven)

• Averroes

  Arabian philosopher, astronomer, and writer on jurisprudence; born at Cordova, 1126; died at Morocco, 1198

• Aversa, Diocese of

  Comprising twenty-one towns in the Province of Caserta and twelve in the Province of Naples, it is under the immediate jurisdiction of the Holy See

• Avesta, The

  The sacred books of Parsees, or Zoroastrians, and the main source of our knowledge concerning the religious and spiritual life the ancient Persians

• Avesta, Theological Aspects of the

  Explores the subjects of God, dualism, angelology, and man

• Avicebron

  Jewish religious poet, moralist, and philosopher. He was born at Malaga in 1020 or 1021, and died at Saragossa in 1070

• Avicenna

  Arabian physician and philosopher, born at Kharmaithen, in the province of Bokhara, 980; died at Hamadan, in Northern Persia, 1037

• Avignon

  Written in the form of Avennio in the ancient texts and inscriptions, takes its name from the House, or Clan, Avennius

• Avignon, Councils of

  Details of several councils held here

• Avignon, University of

  Developed from the already existing schools of the city, was formally constituted in 1303, by a Bull of Boniface VIII

• Avila

  Diocese; suffragan of Valladolid in Spain

• Avila, Francisco de

  Curate or vicar in the province of Huarochiri of Peru, later curate at Huanaco, finally Canon of the Church of La Plata, in Bolivia

• Avila, Sancho de

  Born at Avila of the Kings, in Old Castile, 1546, and named after the place of his birth; died at Plasencia, in the same province, 6 or 7 December, 1625

• Avitus, Saint

  Anti-Arian Bishop of Vienne, converted King Sigismund, was a renowned poet, d. about 518

• Aviz, Order of

  Military body of Portuguese knights

• Avranches, Council of

  In 1172 (September 27-28) a Council was held at Avranches in France, apropos of the troubles caused in the English Church by the murder of St. Thomas Becket

• Avril, Philippe

  Jesuit, born at Angouleme, France, 16 September, 1654; died in a shipwreck in 1698

• Axum

  A titular metropolitan see of ancient Christian Ethiopia

• Ayacucho, Diocese of

  A Peruvian diocese, suffragan to Lima

• Ayeta, Fray Francisco de

  A Spanish Franciscan of the seventeenth century

• Ayllón, Lucas Vésquez de

  This Spanish discoverer of Chesapeake Bay, and the first who tried to find a northwest passage from Europe to Asia, date of birth uncertain; died 18 October, 1526

• Aylward, James Ambrose Dominic

  Theologian and poet, born at Leeds, 4 April, 1813; died at Hinckley (England), 5 October, 1872

• Aymará

  Tribe of sedentary Indians inhabiting the northern sections of Bolivia

• Aymeric of Piacenza

  A learned Dominican, b. at Piacenza, Italy; d. at Bologna, 19 August, 1327

• Azara, Féliz de

  Spanish naturalist, b. at Barbunales in Aragon, 18 May, 1746; d. 1811

• Azaria, Aristaces

  A Catholic Armenian abbot and archbishop, b. at Constantinople, 18 July, 1782; d. at Vienna, 6 May, 1854

• Azarias, Brother

  Educator, essayist, litterateur, and philosopher, b. near Killenaule, County Tipperary, Ireland, 29 June, 1847

• Azevedo, Luiz de

  An Ethiopic missionary and scholar, born, probably at Carrezedo Montenegro, in the Diocese of Braga, in Portugal, in 1573; died in Ethiopia in 1634

• Azores

  An archipelago situated in that tract of the Atlantic Ocean which is known to mariners as the Sargasso Sea

• Azor, Juan

  Professor of philosophy and later of theology, both dogmatic and moral, at Piacenza, Alcala, and Rome (1559-1603)

• Azotus

  Three uses, one of the five great cities of the Philistines, the mountain to which Bacchides pursued the Jews in battle, and a titular see of Palestine situated near the seacoast, between Jaffa and Ascalon

• Aztecs

  A surname applied to the tribe of the Mexica, or Chichimeca Mexitin, which occupied aboriginal Mexico, in more or less contiguous groups, at the beginning of the sixteenth century, when the Spaniards first came into contact with them

• Azymes

  Unfermented cakes used by the Jews in their various sacrifices and religious rites

• Azymites

  A term of reproach used by the schismatic Greeks since the eleventh century against the Latins, who, together with the Armenians and the Maronites, celebrate the Holy Eucharist with unleavened bread