Books by Church Fathers, Doctors, Saints, Notable Authors

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• Rabbi and Rabbinism

  Article covering a 1913 Catholic view of Rabbinism

• Rabbulas

  Bishop of Edessa (d. 435)

• Rabelais, François

  Sixteenth-century French writer

• Raccolta

  A book containing prayers and pious exercises to which the popes have attached indulgences

• Race, Human

  Article describing the view of the human race from a 1911 Catholic perspective

• Race, Negro

  Article describing the view of the negro race from a 1911 Catholic perspective

• Rachel

  Mother of Joseph and Benjamin, and love of Jacob

• Racine, Jean

  Brief biography of the seventeenth-century dramatist

• Rader, Matthew

  Philologist and historian (1561-1634)

• Radewyns, Florens

  Co-founder of the Brethren of the Common Life (d. 1400)

• Radowitz, Joseph Maria von

  Writer and statesman (1797-1853)

• Radulph of Rivo

  Historian and liturgist (d. 1403)

• Raffeix, Pierre

  Missionary and cartographer (1633-1724)

• Ragueneau, Paul

  Jesuit missionary (1608-1680)

• Ragusa

  Diocese in Dalmatia, suffragan of Zara

• Raich, Johann Michael

  German theologian and writer (1832-1907)

• Raimondi, Marcantonio

  Fifteenth-and-sixteenth century Italian engraver

• Rainald of Dassel

  Chancellor of the German Empire (d. 1167)

• Rajpootana

  Prefecture apostolic covering several Indian states

• Râle, Sebastian

  French Jesuit missionary to North America, and martyr (1654-1724)

• Ralph Sherwin, Blessed

  An English priest who was imprisoned and tortured. He died a martyr in 1581

• Ramatha

  Titular see in Palestine, suppressed in 1884 by the Roman Curia

• Rambler, The

  Monthly English Catholic periodical published from 1848 to 1859

• Rameau, Jean-Philippe

  Life, summaries of religious and secular works, and commentary on his advances in music theory and composition

• Ram, Pierre François Xavier de

  Belgian historian and rector of the Catholic University of Louvain (1804-1865)

• Ramsey Abbey

  English abbey founded by a Saxon noble in 969

• Ramus, Peter

  Article by William Turner on this early humanist and logician

• Rancé, Jean-Armand le Bouthillier de

  French abbot and reformer (1626-1700)

• Randall, James Ryder

  American journalist and poet (1839-1908)

• Ransom, Feast of Our Lady of

  Feast on 24 September commemorating the foundation of the Mercedarians

• Raphael

  Italian painter (1483-1520)

• Raphael, Saint

  Archangel appearing in the Book of Tobias

• Raphoe

  Diocese comprising the greater part of County Donegal in the ecclesiastical province of Armagh

• Rapin, René

  French Jesuit writer (1621-1687)

• Raskolniks

  A generic term for dissidents from the Established Church in Russia

• Räss, Andreas

  Bishop of Strasburg (1794-1887)

• Rathborne, Joseph

  Priest and controversialist (1807-1842)

• Ratherius of Verona

  Writer and troubled leader of the Diocese of Verona

• Rationale

  Collar ornamented in the front and back with appendages worn by the Bishops of Eichstaett, Paderborn, Toul, and Cracow

• Rationalism

  Term used in an exact sense, to designate a particular moment in the development of Protestant thought in Germany, or in a broader, and more usual, sense to cover the view that the human reason, or understanding, is the sole source and final test of all truth

• Ratio Studiorum

  The educational system of the Jesuits

• Ratisbon

  German diocese embracing the greater portion of the administrative district of Oberpfalz, and portions of Upper and Lower Bavaria, and Upper Franconia

• Ratisbonne, Maria Alphonse

  Converted Jew who built two convents in Jerusalem (1814-1884)

• Ratisbonne, Maria Theodor

  Preacher, writer, and director of the Archconfraternity of Christian Mothers (1802-1884)

• Ratramnus

  Ninth-century Benedictine monk and author

• Ratzeburg, Ancient See of

  Ancient German diocese that was suffragan to Hamburg and embraced the Duchy of Lauenburg (Holstein) in the Prussian Province of Schleswig- Holstein, the Principality of Ratzeburg in the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, and the western part of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, including Wismar but not Schwerin

• Ratzinger, Georg

  Political economist and social reformer (1844-1899)

• Rauscher

  Prince-Archbishop of Vienna (1797-1875)

• Ravalli, Antonio

  Italian missionary (1811-1884)

• Ravenna

  Archdiocese based in the capital of a province in Romagna, central Italy

• Ravesteyn, Josse

  French theologian (d. 1570)

• Ravignan, Gustave Xavier Lacroix de

  French Jesuit, orator, and author (1795-1858)

• Rawes, Henry Augustus

  Oblate of St. Charles, hymn-writer and preacher (1826-1885)

• Raymbault, Charles

  French missionary (b. 1602)

• Raymond IV, of Saint-Gilles

  Count of Toulouse and of Tripoli (d. 1105)

• Raymond Martini

  Dominican, theologian and Orientalist (1220-1284)

• Raymond Nonnatus, Saint

  Spanish Mercedarian (1200-1240)

• Raymond of Peñafort, Saint

  Born near Barcelona, Raymond was an able canon lawyer who joined the Dominicans. He died in 1275

• Raymond of Sabunde

  Teacher and writer (d. 1432)

• Raymond VI

  Count of Toulouse (1156-1222)

• Raymond VII

  Count of Toulouse and son of Raymond VI (1197-1249)

• Raynaldi, Odorico

  Italian oratorian (1595-1671)

• Raynaud, Théophile

  French theologian and writer (1583-1663)

• Raynouard, Françpois-Juste-Marie

  French poet, dramatist, and philologist (1761-1836)

• Reading Abbey

  Abbey founded by Henry I in 1121 and located in Surrey, England

• Reason

  Article discussing various definitions of the term

• Recanati and Loreto

  Diocese based around the province of Ancona in Central Italy

• Rechab and the Rechabites

  Rechab was the father of Jonadab who appears as a fervent supporter of Jehu's attack on the House of Achab. The Rechabites were his descendants

• Recollection

  Recollection, as understood in respect to the spiritual life, means attention to the presence of God in the soul

• Rector

  Priests who preside over missions or quasi-parishes

• Rector Potens, Verax Deus

  The daily hymn for Sext in the Roman Breviary

• Recusants, English

  People who refrained from attending Church of England services

• Redeemer, Feast of the Most Holy

  Feast that is found only in the special calendar of some dioceses and religious orders, and is celebrated with proper Mass and Office either on the third Sunday of July or on 23 October

• Redeemer, Knights of the

  A secular community founded in 1608 by the Duke of Mentone, Vincent Gonzaga, on the occasion of the marriage of his eldest son Francis II Gonzaga with Marguerite of Savoy

• Redemption

  The restoration of man from the bondage of sin to the liberty of the children of God through the satisfactions and merits of Christ

• Redemption in the Old Testament

  Strictly deliverance by payment of a price or ransom, or simply deliverance by power, as from oppression, violence, or captivity

• Redemptions, Penitential

  The substitution of exercises either easier or extending over a shorter period, for works of penance imposed according to the penitential canons

• Redemptoristines

  Community of nuns formed in Scala, Italy, by Father Thomas Falcoia

• Redemptorists

  Society of missionary priests founded by St. Alphonsus Maria Liguori in 1732 at Scala, Italy

• Redford, Sebastion

  Jesuit chaplain and writer (1701-1763)

• Redi, Francesco

  Italian poet (1626-1698)

• Reding, Augustine

  Prince-Abbot of Einsiedeln and theological writer (1625-1692)

• Red Sea

  The northwest arm of the Indian Ocean, some 1400 miles long and lying between Arabia on the east and Africa on the west

• Reductions of Paraguay

  Jesuit campaign to convert the natives of Paraguay

• Referendarii

  Officials in the Byzantine Court who reported to the emperor on the memorials of petitioners, and conveyed to the judges the orders of the emperor in connexion with such memorials

• Reformation, The

  Sixteenth century religious movement led by Martin Luther

• Reformed Churches

  Protestant bodies which adopted the tenets of Zwingli and, later, the doctrinal principles of Calvin

• Reform of a Religious Order

  Return or bringing back of an order from a mitigated or relaxed observance to the rigour of its primitive rule

• Refuge, Cities of

  Towns which according to the Jewish law enjoyed the right of asylum and to which anyone who had unintentionally slain another might flee and be protected from the 'avenger of blood'

• Refuge, Sisters of Our Lady of Charity of the

  Religious order founded in 1641 that works towards reforming women living a life of sin

• Regale, Droit de

  Document denoting those rights that belonged exclusively to the king

• Regalia

  The insignia of royalty or 'crown jewels'

• Regeneration

  Biblico-dogmatic term closely connected with the ideas of justification, Divine sonship, and the deification of the soul through grace

• Regesta, Papal

  Copies, generally entered in special registry volumes, of the papal letters and official documents that are kept in the papal archives

• Reggio dell' Emilia

  Italian diocese and suffragan of Modena

• Reggio di Calabria

  Archdiocese in Calabria, southern Italy

• Regina

  Ecclesiastical division comprising the southern part of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan

• Regina Coeli

  The opening words of the Eastertide anthem of the Blessed Virgin

• Reginald of Piperno

  Companion of St. Thomas Aquinas (1230-1290)

• Regino of Prüm

  German abbot (d. 915)

• Regionarii

  The name given in later antiquity and the early Middle Ages to those clerics and officials of the Church of Rome who were attached neither to the papal palace or the titular churches of Rome, but to one of the city regions, or wards, which was assigned as their official district

• Régis, Jean-Baptiste

  French missionary (d. 1738)

• Régis, Pierre Sylvain

  French philosopher and writer (1632-1707)

• Registers, Parochial

  Five distinct parish registers that a pastor must have: one each of baptisms, confirmations, marriages, and deaths; and a fifth containing a census or general account of the state of souls in the parish

• Regnault, Henri Victor

  French chemist and physicist (1810-1878)

• Regulæ Juris

  Certain fundamental laws in the form of axioms found in the 'Corpus Juris'

• Regulars

  Monks in observance of the Rule of St. Benedict

• Reichenau

  Island upon the Gnadensee of the Lake of Constance, about one mile in breadth and about three and three-quarter miles long

• Reichensperger, August

  Prussian politician and author (1808-1895)

• Reichensperger, Peter

  German jurist and parliamentarian (1810-1892)

• Reifenstein

  Former Cistercian abbey in Eichsfeld, founded on 1 August, 1162 by Count Ernst of Tonna

• Reiffenstuel, Johann Georg

  Theologian and canonist (1641-1703)

• Reims

  Archdiocese of Reims comprising the district of Reims in the Department of Marne and the whole Department of Ardennes

• Reims, Synods of

  History of a series of synods held at the French city

• Reinmar of Hagenau

  German minnesinger of the twelfth century

• Reisach, Carl von

  Theologian and statesman (1800-1869)

• Reisch, Gregor

  Intellectual and writer (d. 1525)

• Relationship

  A certain connection of persons established either by nature or by civil or canon law

• Relatives, Duties of

  Discusses a variety of duties that relatives should apply to one another

• Relativism

  A doctrine which denies, universally or in regard to some restricted sphere of being, the existence of absolute values

• Relics

  An object, notably part of the body or clothes, remaining as a memorial of a departed saint

• Religion

  The voluntary subjection of oneself to God

• Religions, Statistics of

  Includes the definition and historical development, along with the status of religious bodies

• Religion, Virtue of

  Article discussing the moral value of religion

• Religious Life

  Overview and evangelical ideas on what makes up religious life

• Reliquaries

  Any box, casket, or shrine destined for the reception of relics

• Remesiana

  A titular see in Bulgaria, suffragan of Sardica

• Remigius of Auxerre

  Benedictine monk, teacher and theologian (d. 908)

• Remigius, Saint

  Apostle of the Franks, Archbishop of Reims, d. 553

• Remiremont

  Monastery and nunnery of the Rule of St. Benedict, founded by Sts. Romaricus and Amatus in 620 above the town of Vosges, France

• Remuzat, Ven. Anne-Madeleine

  Writer and witness to a revelation (1696-1730)

• Remy, Abbey of Saint

  Abbey located in Reims, France that acquired the relics of St. Remy in 553

• Renaissance, The

  Period of revival of classic, especially of Greek, learning and the recovery of ancient art in the departments of sculpture, painting, and architecture

• Renaudot, Eusebius

  Apologetical writer and Orientalist (1648-1720)

• Renaudot, Théophraste

  Doctor who engaged in relief work for the poor (1586-1653)

• Reni, Guido

  Italian painter (1575-1642)

• Rennes

  French diocese including the Department of Ille et Vilaine

• Renty, Gaston Jean Baptiste de

  Jesuit who devoted himself to the service of the needy and suffering (1611-1649)

• Renunciation

  A canonical term signifying the resignation of an ecclesiastical office or benefice

• Reordinations

  The history of all ordinations which were considered null for any other reason than defect of the prescribed form or intention and which were repeated

• Reparation

  Theological concept of God demanding satisfaction for the injuries which man had done Him

• Repington, Philip

  Fourteenth-and-fifteenth century cardinal-priest of the title of SS

• Reputation (as Property)

  The outcome of a person's meritorious activity

• Requiem, Masses of

  Masses that are offered for the dead

• Rerum Crerator Optime

  The hymn for Matins of Wednesday in the Divine Office

• Rerum Deus Tenax Vigor

  Brief article on a hymn for None, one of the 'little hours.' Mid-afternoon

• Rerum Novarum

  The opening words and the title of the Encyclical issued by Leo XIII, 15 May, 1891, on the 'Condition of Labour'

• Reservation

  The restriction in certain cases by a superior of the jurisdiction ordinarily exercised by an inferior

• Reserved Cases

  A term used for sins whose absolution is not within the power of every confessor

• Residence, Ecclesiastical

  A remaining or abiding where one's duties lie or where one's occupation is properly carried on

• Respighi, Lorenzo

  Italian astronomer (1824-1889)

• Responsorium

  A series of verses and responses, usually taken from Holy Scripture and varying according to the feast or season

• Restitution

  An act of commutative justice by which exact reparation as far as possible is made for an injury that has been done to another

• Resurrection, General

  The rising again from the dead, the resumption of life

• Rethel, Alfred

  German painter (1816-1859)

• Retreat of the Sacred Heart, Congregation of

  Congregation founded in 1678 with large schools in various places in England, France, and Belgium

• Retreats

  A series of days passed in solitude and consecrated to practices of asceticism, in particular to prayer and penance

• Retz, Cardinal de

  Archbishop of Paris (1614-1679)

• Reuben

  Proper name meaning both a patriarch and a tribe of Israel

• Reuchlin, Johannes

  German humanist (1455-1522)

• Reumont, Alfred von

  Statesman and historian (1808-1887)

• Reusens, Edmond

  Belgian archeologist and historian (1831-1903)

• Reuss

  Name of the two smallest states of the German Confederation

• Revelation

  The communication of some truth by God to a rational creature through means which are beyond the ordinary course of nature

• Revelations, Private

  Article discussing the judging of private revelations

• Revocation

  The act of recalling or annulling

• Rex Gloriose Martyrum

  The hymn at Lauds in the Common of Martyrs in the Roman Breviary

• Rex Sempiterne Cælitum

  The Roman Breviary hymn for Matins of Sundays and weekdays during the Paschal Time

• Rey, Anthony

  Educator and Mexican War chaplain (1807-1847)

• Reynolds, William

  Writer, priest and lecturer (1544-1594)

• Rhætia

  Prefecture Apostolic in Switzerland

• Rhaphanæa

  A titular see in Syria Secunda, suffragan of Apamea

• Rheinberger, Joseph Gabriel

  Bavarian composer and organist (1839-1901)

• Rhesæna

  A titular see in Osrhoene, suffragan of Edessa

• Rhinocolura

  A titular see in Augustamnica Prima, suffragan of Pelusium

• Rhithymna

  A titular see of Crete, suffragan of Gortyna

• Rhizus

  A titular see of Pontus Polemoniacus, suffragan of Neocaesarea

• Rhode Island

  American state and one of the thirteen original colonies

• Rhodes

  A titular metropolitan of the Cyclades

• Rhodes, Alexandre De

  French missionary (1591-1660)

• Rhodesia

  British possession in South Africa (present-day Zimbabwe)

• Rhodiopolis

  A titular see of Lycia, suffragan of Myra

• Rhodo

  Second-century Christian writer

• Rho, Giacomo

  Italian missionary to China (1593-1638)

• Rhosus

  A titular see in Cilicia Secunda, suffragan to Anazarba

• Rhythmical Office

  A liturgical horary prayer, the canonical hours of the priest, or an office of the Breviary, in which not only the hymns are regulated by a certain rhythm, but where, with the exception of the psalms and lessons, practically all the other parts show metre, rhythm, or rhyme

• Ribadeneira, Pedro de

  Writer and member of the Society of Jesus (1526-1611)

• Ribas, Andrés Pérez De

  Missionary and historian (1576-1655)

• Ribe, Ancient See of, in Denmark (Jutland)

  Diocese that once consisted of the modern Danish Provinces of Ribe, Vejle, and Ringkjoebing, and of part of North Schleswig

• Ribeirao Preto

  A suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Sao Paulo, Brazil

• Ribera, Jusepe de

  Spanish artist (1588-1656)

• Ricardus Anglicus

  Pioneer of scientific judicial procedure in the twelfth century

• Riccardi, Nicholas

  Italian theologian, writer and preacher (1585-1639)

• Ricci, Lorenzo

  General of the Society of Jesus (1703-1775)

• Ricci, Matteo

  Founder of the Catholic missions of China (1552-1610)

• Riccioli, Giovanni Battista

  Italian astronomer (1598-1671)

• Rice, Edmund Ignatius

  Biographical article on the founder of the Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools (better known as the Irish Christian Brothers)

• Richard

  A Friar minor and preacher, appearing in history between 1428 and 1431, whose origin and nationality are unknown

• Richard, Charles-Louis

  Theologian and publicist (1711-1794)

• Richard de Bury

  English bishop and bibliophile (1286-1345)

• Richard de la Vergne, François-Marie-Benjamin

  Archbishop of Paris (1819-1908)

• Richard de Wyche, Saint

  The devoted companion of St. Edmund Rich, was bishop of Chichester. Richard died in 1253, and was canonized less than 10 years later

• Richard I

  King of England who embarked on the Crusades (1157-1199)

• Richard of Cirencester

  Chronicler and monk at Westminster Abbey

• Richard of Cornwall

  Thirteenth century writer and lecturer

• Richard of Middletown

  Thirteenth-century writer and Franciscan

• Richard of St. Victor

  Biographical article on the 12th-century Scottish theologian, exegete, and mystic

• Richardson, Ven. William

  Last martyr under Queen Elizabeth (d. 1603)

• Richard Thirkeld, Blessed

  English priest, missionary, arrested while visiting a Catholic in prison, and martyred in 1583

• Richard Whiting, Blessed

  Last abbot of Glastonbury, martyr, executed in 1539

• Richelieu, Armand-Jean du Plessis, Duke de

  Cardinal and French statesman (1585-1642)

• Richmond, Diocese of

  Suffragan of Baltimore consisting of parts of the states of Virginia and West Virginia

• Ricoldo da Monte di Croce

  Italian professor, scholar and writer (d. 1320)

• Riemenschneider, Tillmann

  Frankish sculptor (1460-1531)

• Rienzi, Cola di

  Italian revolutionary and notary of the Camera Capitolina (d. 1354)

• Rieti

  Diocese in Central Italy, immediately subject to the Holy See

• Rievaulx, Abbey of

  English monastery founded in 1131

• Riffel, Caspar

  German historian and writer (1807-1856)

• Rigby, Nicholas

  English priest (1800-1886)

• Right

  Substantive designating the object of justice

• Rimbert, Saint

  Monk and archbishop of Bremen-Hamburg (d. 888)

• Rimini

  Diocese, suffragan of Ravenna

• Rimini, Council of

  Opened early in July, 359, with over four hundred bishops

• Rimouski

  Canadian diocese, suffragan of Quebec

• Rings

  Article discussing religious uses and values concerning the wearing of rings

• Rinuccini, Giovanni Battista

  Papal nuncio to Ireland during the uprising of 1645-49 (1592-1653)

• Rio, Alexis-François

  French writer on art (1797-1874)

• Riobamba

  City forming the base for the diocese of Bolivarensis, suffragan of Quito, Ecuador

• Rioja, Francisco de

  Spanish poet (1583-1659)

• Rio Negro

  Prefecture Apostolic in Brazil

• Ripalda, Juan Martínez de

  Spanish theologian (1594-1648)

• Ripatransone

  Diocese in Ascoli Piceno, Central Italy

• Ripon, Marquess of

  English politician, Governor-General and Viceroy of India (1827-1909)

• Risby, Richard

  Warden of the Observant friary at Canterbury who was condemned to death by Henry VIII (1489-1534)

• Rishanger, William

  Thirteenth-century English chronicler

• Rishton, Edward

  Priest and writer that fell victim to the plague (1550-1585)

• Rita of Cascia, Saint

  Rita married an abusive man, became a mother, was widowed, joined the Augustinians. She died in 1456

• Rites

  The ceremonies, prayers, and functions of any religious body

• Rites in the United States

  Article discussing various rites used within the United States

• Ritschlianism

  Conception of the nature and scope of Christianity, widely held in modern Protestantism, especially in Germany

• Ritter, Joseph Ignatius

  German historian and writer (1787-1857)

• Ritual

  One of the official books of the Roman Rite. It contains all the services performed by a priest that are not in the Missal and Breviary and has also, for convenience, some that are in those books

• Ritualists

  The advanced section of the High Church party in the Anglican Establishment, which since about 1860 has adhered to and developed further the principles of the earlier Tractarian Movement

• Rivington, Luke

  English priest and writer (1838-1899)

• Rizal, José Mercado

  Filipino hero, physician, poet, novelist, and sculptor (1861-1896)

• Robbers, Seven

  Martyrs on the Island of Corcyra (Corfu) in the second century. Their names are Saturninus, Insischolus, Faustianus, Januarius, Marsalius, Euphrasius, and Mammius

• Robbia, Andrea della

  Nephew, pupil and assistant to painter Luca (1431-1528)

• Robbia, Lucia di Simone

  Italian sculptor (1400-1481)

• Robert of Arbrissel

  Itinerant preacher and founder of Fontevrault (b. 1047)

• Robert of Courçon

  English Cardinal (d. 1218)

• Robert of Geneva

  Antipope under the name of Clement VII (1342-1394)

• Robert of Jumièges

  Eleventh-century Archbishop of Canterbury

• Robert of Luzarches

  Thirteenth century French architect

• Robert of Melun

  English philosopher and theologian (d. 1167)

• Robert of Molesme, Saint

  Founder of the Abbey of Citeaux and the monastery at Molesme (d. 1111)

• Robert of Newminster, Saint

  English abbot (d. 1159)

• Robert, Saint

  French Benedictine, founder of the Abbey of Chaise-Dieu, d. 1067

• Robertson, James Burton

  Historian and professor (1800-1877)

• Robinson, Venerable Christopher

  Wrote an account of the martyrdom of St. John Boste. Was himself martyred for being a priest, in 1598

• Robinson, William Callyhan

  Jurist and educator (1834-1911)

• Rocaberti, Juan Tomás de

  Spanish theologian (1624-1699)

• Rocamadour

  Communal chief town of the canton of Gramat, district of Gourdon, Department of Lot, in the Diocese of Cahors and the ancient province of Quercy

• Rocca, Angelo

  Founder of the Angelica Library at Rome (1545-1620)

• Rochambeau, Jean-Baptiste-Donatien

  French marshal (1725-1807)

• Rochester, Ancient See of

  The oldest and smallest of all the suffragan sees of Canterbury, was founded by St. Augustine, Apostle of England, who in 604 consecrated St. Justus as its first bishop

• Rochester, Diocese of

  Located in New York

• Rochet

  An over-tunic usually made of fine white linen (cambric; fine cotton material is also allowed), and reaching to the knees

• Rochette, Désiré Raoul

  French archaeologist (1789-1854)

• Roch, Saint

  Early 14th century. While on pilgrimage, Roch acquired renown for healing plague victims. He himself was stricken with the plague. Upon returning to his hometown, he was cast into prison as an accused spy, where he died

• Rock, Daniel

  English antiquarian and ecclesiologist (1799-1871)

• Rockford, Diocese of

  Created 23 September, 1908, in the northwestern part of the State of Illinois

• Rockhampton

  Diocese in Australia.

• Rococo Style

  A discussion of this whimsical style, its origins and uses

• Rodez

  The Diocese of Rodez was united to the Diocese of Cahors by the Concordat of 1802, and again became an episcopal see by the Concordat of 1817 and Bull of 1822

• Rodrigues Ferreira, Alexandre

  Brazilian scientist and explorer (1756-1815)

• Rodriguez, Alonso

  Spanish writer and teacher (1526-1616)

• Rodriguez, Joao

  Missionary and author (1558-1633)

• Roe, Bartholomew

  English Benedictine martyr (1583-1641)

• Roermond

  Diocese in Holland; suffragan of Utrecht

• Rogation Days

  Days of prayer, and formerly also of fasting, instituted by the Church to appease God's anger at man's transgressions, to ask protection in calamities, and to obtain a good and bountiful harvest

• Roger, Bishop of Worcester

  Bishop of Worcester (d. 1179)

• Roger of Wendover

  Benedictine monk and chronicler (d. 1236)

• Rohault de Fleury

  Family of French architects and archaeologists of the nineteenth century

• Roh, Peter

  German-speaking Jesuit preacher (1811-1872)

• Rohrbacher, Réné François

  French ecclesiastical historian (1789-1856)

• Rojas y Zorrilla, Francisco de

  Spanish dramatic poet (1607-1680)

• Rokewode, John Gage

  Director of the Society of Antiquaries (1786-1842)

• Rolduc

  Located in S. E. Limburg, Netherlands

• Rolfus, Hermann

  Catholic educationist and writer (1821-1896)

• Rolle de Hampole, Richard

  English solitary and writer. Article on his life and writings

• Rollin, Charles

  French writer and professor (1661-1741)

• Rolls Series

  A collection of historical materials of which the general scope is indicated by its official title, 'The Chronicles and Memorials of Great Britain and Ireland during the Middle Ages'

• Rolph, Thomas

  Surgeon and writer of several works on emigration (1800-1858)

• Roman Catholic

  A qualification of the name Catholic commonly used in English-speaking countries by those unwilling to recognize the claim of being the One True Church

• Roman Catholic Relief Bill

  Sections on England and Ireland

• Romanos Pontifices, Constitutio

  The constitution makes clear the following: though regulars according to canon law are subject immediately to the Holy See, bishops are given jurisdiction over small communities

• Romanos, Saint

  Sixth-century poet

• Roman Rite, The

  The manner of celebrating the Holy Sacrifice, administering Sacraments, reciting the Divine Office, and performing other ecclesiastical functions as used in the city and Diocese of Rome

• Romans, Epistle to the

  The subject is treated under the following heads: I. The Roman Church and St. Paul; II. Character, Contents, and Arrangement of the Epistle; III. Authenticity; IV. Integrity; V. Date and Circumstances of Composition; VI. Historical Importance; VII, Theological Contents: Faith and Works (Paul and James)

• Romanus, Pope

  Ninth-century Pope who reigned for four months in 897

• Romanus, Saints

  Mentions and gives brief profiles of several saints of this name

• Rome

  The significance of Rome lies primarily in the fact that it is the city of the pope

• Romero, Juan

  Missionary and Indian linguist (1559-1630)

• Rome, University of

  The university is now under the control of the Italian Government and is called the Royal University

• Romuald, Saint

  Italian-born founder of the Camaldolese, d. 1027

• Romulus Augustulus

  Deposed in the year 476, the last emperor of the Western Roman Empire

• Ronan, Saint

  Article describing the most celebrated of the twelve Irish saints known as Ronan

• Ronsard, Pierre de

  French poet (1524-1585)

• Rood

  A term, often used to signify the True Cross itself, which, with the prefix Holy, occurs as the dedication of some churches

• Roothaan, Johann Philipp

  Twenty-first General of the Society of Jesus (1785-1853)

• Roper, William

  English politician and biographer of St. Thomas More (1496-1578)

• Rorate Coeli

  Vulgate, text, the opening words of Isaiah 45:8

• Rosalia, Saint

  Hermitess, greatly venerated at Palermo and in the whole of Sicily of which she is patroness

• Rosary, Breviary Hymns of the

  Their author was a pious client of Mary, Eustace Sirena

• Rosary, Confraternity of the

  The Perpetual Rosary is an organization for securing the continuous recitation of the Rosary by day and night among a number of associates who perform their allotted share at stated times

• Rosary, Feast of the Holy

  At the request of the Dominican Order Gregory XIII in 1573 allowed this feast to be kept in all churches which possessed an altar dedicated to the Holy Rosary

• Rosary, The

  History of this devotion. Also considers the Orthodox and Eastern-Rite Catholic practice

• Rosa, Salvatore

  Neapolitan artist (1615-1673)

• Rosate, Alberico de

  Italian jurist (d. 1354)

• Roscelin

  A monk of Compiegne, was teaching as early as 1087

• Roscommon

  Capital of County Roscommon, Ireland; owes origin and name to a monastery founded by St. Coman in the first half of the eighth century on a 'ros' or wooded point amidst marshes

• Rosea

  The official catalogue of the Roman Curia mentioned formerly a titular see of Rosea in Syria

• Roseau

  Diocese; suffragan of Port of Spain, Trinidad, B.W.I

• Rosecrans, William Starke

  American soldier and politician

• Roseline, Saint

  A Carthusian prioress. She died in 1329

• Rosenau

  Diocese in Hungary, suffragan of Eger, established by Maria Theresa, in 1775-76

• Rose of Lima, Saint

  Biographical article on the first American to be named a saint

• Rose of Viterbo, Saint

  Third order Franciscan, preached repentance. She died at the age of 17, in 1252

• Rose Window

  A circular window, with mullions and traceries generally radiating from the centre, and filled with stained glasses

• Rosh Hashanah

  The first day of Tishri (October), the seventh month of the Hebrew year

• Rosicrucians

  The original appelation of the alleged members of the occult-cabalistic-theosophic 'Rosicrucian Brotherhood', described in the pamphlet 'Fama Fraternitatis R.C.'

• Roskilde, Ancient See of, in Denmark

  Suffragan to Hamburg, about 991-1104, to Lund, 1104-1536

• Roskoványi, August

  Bishop of Neutra in Hungary, doctor of philosophy and theology (1807-1892)

• Rosmini and Rosminianism

  Antonio Rosmini Serbati, philosopher, and founder of the Institute of Charity, born 24 March, 1797, at Rovereto, Austrian Tyrol; died 1 July, 1855, at Stresa, Italy

• Rosminians

  The Institute of Charity, or, officially, Societas a charitate nuncupata, is a religious congregation founded by Antonio Rosmini, first organized in 1828

• Ross

  Diocese in Ireland

• Rossano

  Archdiocese in Calabria, province of Cosenza, Southern Italy

• Rosselino, Antonio di Matteo di Domenico

  Italian sculptor (1427-1478)

• Rosselino, Bernardo

  Italian sculptor (1409-1464)

• Rosselli, Cosimo

  Italian fresco painter (1439-1507)

• Rossi, Bernardo de

  Italian theologian and historian (1687-1775)

• Rossini, Gioacchino Antonio

  Article focusing on his musical innovations and his church music

• Rossi, Pellegrino

  Diplomat, economist and statesman (1787-1848)

• Ross, School of

  Ross-Carbery, formerly Ross-Ailithir

• Rostock, Sebastian von

  Bishop of Breslau (1607-1671)

• Rostock, University of

  Located in Mecklenburg-Schwerin, founded in the year 1419

• Rota, Sacra Romana

  One of three tribunals instituted by the 'Sapienti Consilio' constitution of 1908

• Rothe, David

  Bishop of Ossory in Ireland (1573-1650)

• Roth, Heinrich

  Missionary in India and Sanskrit scholar (1620-1668)

• Rottenburg

  Diocese; suffragan of the ecclesiastical Province of the Upper Rhine

• Rotuli

  Rolls in which a long narrow strip of papyrus or parchment, written on one side, was wound like a blind about its staff

• Rouen, Archdiocese of

  Revived by the Concordat of 1802 with the Sees of Bayeux, Evreux, and Seez as suffragans: it also includes the Department of the Seine Inferieure

• Rouen, Synods of

  The first synod is generally believed to have been held by Archbishop Saint-Ouen about 650

• Rouquette, Adrien

  Scholar and missionary to the Choctaw Indians (1813-1887)

• Rousseau, Jean-Baptiste

  French poet (1670-1741)

• Rovezzano, Benedetto da

  Sculptor and architect (1490-1530)

• Rowsham, Stephen

  Sixteenth-century English priest and martyr

• Royer-Collard, Pierre-Paul

  Philosopher and French politician (1763-1845)

• Ruadhan, Saint

  Irish founder of the monastery of Lorrha, one of the 'twelve apostles of Erin,' d. 584

• Rubens, Peter Paul

  Flemish painter (1577-1640)

• Rubrics

  Among the ancients, according to Columella, Vitruvius, and Pliny, the word rubrica, rubric, signified the red earth used by carpenters to mark on wood the line to follow in cutting it; according to Juvenal the same name was applied to the red titles under which the jurisconsults arranged the announcements of laws

• Rubruck, William

  Thirteenth-century Franciscan missionary and writer of travels

• Rudolf of Fulda

  French chronicler (d. 862)

• Rudolf of Habsburg

  German king (1218-1291)

• Rudolf of Rüdesheim

  Bishop of Breslau (1402-1482)

• Rudolf von Ems

  Middle High German epic poet of the thirteenth century

• Rueckers, Family of

  Famous organ and piano-forte builders of Antwerp

• Ruffini, Paolo

  Physician and mathematician (1765-1822)

• Rufford Abbey

  A monastery of the Cistercian Order, situated on the left bank of the Rainworth Water, about two miles south of Ollerton in Nottinghamshire

• Rufina, Saints

  Brief notices on four saints of this name

• Rufinus, Saint

  Record of the eleven saints named Rufinus in the Roman Martyrology

• Rufus, Saint

  Record of the ten saints named Rufus in the Roman Martyrology

• Ruiz de Alarcón y Mendoza, Juan de

  Spanish dramatic poet (1580-1639)

• Ruiz de Montoya, Antonio

  Linguist and pioneer of the original Jesuit mission in Paraguay (1585-1652)

• Ruiz de Montoya, Diego

  Spanish theologian (1562-1632)

• Rumania

  A kingdom in the Balkan Peninsula, situated between the Black Sea, the Danube, the Carpathian Mountains, and the Pruth

• Rumohr, Karl Friedrich

  German art historian (1785-1843)

• Rupert, Saint

  First Bishop of Salzburg (d. 718)

• Rusaddir

  A titular see of Mauritania Tingitana

• Rusicade

  A titular see of Numidia

• Ruspe

  Titular see of Byzacena in Africa, mentioned only by Ptolemy (IV, 3) and the 'Tabula' Peutinger

• Russell, Charles

  English lawyer, journalist and politician (1832-1900)

• Russell, Charles William

  Irish professor and writer (1812-1880)

• Russell, Richard

  Bishop of Vizeu in Portugal (1630-1693)

• Russia

  Geography and history

• Russian Language and Literature

  Russian is a Slav language belonging to the Indo-European family

• Russia, The Religion of

  There are two theories in regard to the early Christianity of Russia; according to one of them, Russia was Catholic from the times when she embraced Christianity until the twelfth century; the other holds that Russia was always Orthodox

• Rusticus of Narbonne, Saint

  Monk from Gaul, became bishop of Narbonne. Zealous opponent of the Arians and Nestorians

• Ruth, Book of

  One of the proto-canonical writings of the Old Testament

• Ruthenian Rite

  There is no separate and distinct rite for the Ruthenians, but the name is often used for the modifications which the Ruthenians have introduced in the Byzantine or Greek Rite

• Ruthenians

  A Slavic people from Southern Russia, Galicia and Bukowina in Austria, and North-eastern Hungary

• Rutter, Henry

  English priest and writer (1755-1838)

• Ruvo and Bitonto

  Diocese in the Province of Bari, Aquileia, Southern Italy. Ruvo, the ancient Rubi, situated on a calcareous hill, contains a fine Norman cathedral of the eleventh century

• Ruysbroeck, Blessed John

  Article on the Admirable Doctor, 'undoubtedly the foremost of the Flemish mystics,' author, who died in 1381

• Ruysch, John

  Astronomer, cartographer, and painter (d. 1533)

• Ryan, Father Abram J.

  Poet, newspaper editor and Confederate chaplain (1839-1886)

• Ryan, Patrick John

  Sixth Bishop and second Archbishop of Philadelphia (1831-1911)

• Ryder, Henry Ignatius Dudley

  English Oratorian priest and controversialist (1837-1907)

• Ryken, Theodore James

  Founder of the Xaverian Brothers (1797-1871)