Books by Church Fathers, Doctors, Saints, Notable Authors

No encyclopedia articles match that search.

• Caballero, Fernán de

  Nom de plume of Cecilia Böhl von Faber, a noted Spanish novelist (1796-1877)

• Caballero, Raimundo Diosdado

  Writer (1740-1830)

• Caballero y Ocio, Juan

  Priest, remarkable for lavish gifts to the Church and for charity (1644-1707)

• Cabas

  Titular see of Egypt

• Cabassut

  French theologian and priest (1604-1685)

• Cabello de Balboa, Miguel

  Sixteenth century Spanish priest

• Cabeza de Vaca, Alvar Nuñez

  Born at Jerez de la Frontera in Andalusia, Spain; dates of birth and death uncertain

• Cabot, John & Sebastian

  Navigators and explorers

• Cabral, Francisco

  Portuguese missionary in Japan (1529-1609)

• Cabral, Pedralvarez

  Portuguese navigator (b. 1460)

• Cabrillo, Estévan

  Sixteenth century sailor

• Cadalous

  Bishop and antipope (d. 1072)

• Caddo Indians

  In the earlier period they were commonly known to the Spaniards as Tejas, whence the name of the State, and to the French as Cenis or Assinais

• Cades

  The name, according to the Vulgate and the Septuagent, of three, or probably four cities mentioned in Scripture

• Cadillac, Antoine de Lamothe, Sieur de

  Founder of Detroit (1657-1730)

• Cadiz, Diocese of

  Suffragan of Seville

• Cadwallador, Venerable Roger

  Short biography of the English priest, martyred in 1610

• Cædmon, Saint

  Article on the laborer for the double monastery of Whitby, composer of hymns and other Biblical poems in Anglo-Saxon, who died between 670 and 680

• Caen, University of

  Founded in 1432 by Henry VI of England, who was then master of Paris and of a large part of France

• Cæremoniale Episcoporum

  A book containing the rites and ceremonies to be observed at Mass, Vespers, and other functions, by bishops and prelates of inferior rank, in metropolitan, cathedral, and collegiate churches

• Cærularius, Michael

  Patriarch of Constantinople (1043-58), author of the second and final schism of the Byzantine Church, date of birth unknown; d. 1058

• Cæsarea

  A Latin titular see, and the seat of a residential Armenian bishopric, in Cappadocia

• Cæsarea Mauretaniæ

  Titular see in North Africa

• Cæsarea Palestinæ

  Titular see in Palestine

• Cæsarea Philippi

  A Greek Catholic residential see, and a Latin titular see, in Syria

• Cæsarius of Arles, Saint

  Bishop, theologian, renowned as a popular preacher, wrote two monastic rules, died 543

• Cæsarius of Heisterbach

  Cistercian monk (1170-1240)

• Cæsarius of Nazianzus

  Physician, brother of St. Gregory of Nazianzus (the Theologian). Caesarius died in late 368 or early 369

• Cæsarius of Prüm

  Twelfth-century Benedictine abbot and Cistercian monk

• Cæsar of Speyer

  Friar Minor and leader of the Caesarines (d. 1239)

• Cæsaropolis

  Titular see of Macedonia

• Cagliari, Archdiocese of

  Cagliari, called by the ancient Caralis, is the principal city and capital of the Island of Sardinia, and an important port on the Gulf of Cagliari

• Cagli e Pergola, Diocese of

  Situated in Umbria (Italy), in the province of Pesaro, suffragan of Urbino

• Cahier, Charles

  French antiquarian (1807-1882)

• Cahill, Daniel William

  Lecturer and controversialist (1796-1864)

• Cahors, Diocese of

  Comprising the entire department of Lot, in France

• Caiaphas

  Jewish High Priest

• Caiazzo, Diocese of

  Situated in the province of Caserta, Italy, amid the mountains of Tifati near the river Volturno

• Caillau, Armand-Benjamin

  Priest and writer, born at Paris, 22 October, 1794, died there, 1850

• Cain

  First-born of Adam and Eve

• Cainites

  A name used for (1) the descendants of Cain, (2) a sect of Gnostics and Antinomians

• Caius

  Third-century Christian author

• Caius and Soter, Saints

  Popes, having their feast together on 22 April

• Caius, John

  Physician and scholar (1510-1573)

• Cajetan, Constantino

  Benedictine savant (1560-1650)

• Cajetan, Saint

  Also known as St. Gaetano. Biography of the founder of the Theatines

• Cajetan, Tommaso de Vio Gaetani

  Domincan cardinal, philosopher, theologian, and exegete (1469-1534)

• Calabozo, Diocese of

  A town in the State of Miranda, Venezuela, on the River Guarico, 120 miles south-southwest of Caracas

• Calahorra and La Calzada, Diocese of

  Suffragan of Burgos, comprising almost all the province of Logrono and part of the provinces of Navarre and Soria. Calahorra

• Calama

  Titular see in Africa

• Calancha, Fray Antonio de la

  Augustinian monk (1584-1654)

• Calasanctius, Saint Joseph

  Priest, founder of the Piarists, d. 1648

• Calas Case, The

  Jean Calas was a French Calvinist, born 19 March, 1698, at La Caparede near Castres, in the department of Tarn; executed 10 March, 1762, at Toulouse

• Calasio, Mario di

  Friar Minor and lexicographer (1550-1620)

• Calatayud, Pedro de

  Jesuit missionary (1689-1773)

• Calatrava, Military Order of

  Founded in Castile, in the twelfth century, as a military branch of the great Cistercian family

• Calcutta

  Extends along the sea-coast from the Khabadak to the Mahanundi River

• Caldani, Leopoldo Marco Antonio

  Italian anatomist and physiologist (1725-1813)

• Caldara, Polidoro (da Caravaggio)

  Italian painter (1492-1543)

• Caldas-Barbosa, Domingo

  Brazilian poet (1740-1800)

• Calderon de la Barca, Pedro

  Spanish dramatist (1600-1681)

• Caleb

  Six people with this name are described

• Calendar, Christian

  Includes history and Saint's days

• Calendar, Jewish

  Details include days, weeks, months, years, and eras

• Calendar, Reform of the

  Such alterations were too obvious to be ignored, and throughout the Middle Ages many observers both pointed them out and endeavoured to devise a remedy

• Calepino, Ambrogio

  Italian lexicographer (1440-1510)

• Caliari, Paolo

  Eminent painter of the Venetian school (1528-1588)

• Cali, Diocese of

  Located in Colombia

• California

  Includes history, population, education, resources, and religion

• California Missions

  Divided into Lower or Old California and Upper California

• California, Vicariate Apostolic of Lower

  Located in Mexico

• Callières, Louis-Hector de

  Thirteenth Governor of New France (1646-1705)

• Callinicus

  Titular see of Asia Minor

• Callipolis

  Titular see of Thrace

• Callistus III, Pope

  Born near Valencia in Spain, 31 December, 1378; died at Rome, 6 August, 1458

• Callistus II, Pope

  Date of birth unknown; died 13 December, 1124

• Callistus I, Pope

  Martyr, d. about 223. Also known as Callixtus or Calixtus

• Callot, Jacques

  French etcher, engraver, and painter (1592-1635)

• Cally, Pierre

  Philosopher and theologian, b. at Mesnil-Hubert, department of Orne, France, date of birth uncertain; d. 31 December, 1709

• Calmet, Dom Augustin

  Celebrated exegetist (1672-1757)

• Caloe

  A titular see of Asia Minor

• Caltagirone

  A city in the province of Catania, Sicily, built on two eminences about 2000 feet above sea-level, connected by a bridge

• Caltanisetta

  The city is situated in a fertile plain of Sicily, on the River Salso, in the vicinity of the most extensive sulphur mines in the world

• Calumny

  Etymologically any form of ruse or fraud employed to deceive another, particularly in judicial proceedings

• Calvaert, Dionysius

  Painter (1540-1619)

• Calvary, Congregation of Our Lady of

  A congregation founded at Poitiers, in 1617, by Antoinette of Orleans-Longueville

• Calvary, Mount

  The place of the Crucifixion of Jesus Christ

• Calvert, Cecilius

  Second Lord Baltimore (1606-1675)

• Calvert, Charles

  Third Baron of Baltimore, and Second Proprietary Governor of Maryland (1629-1715)

• Calvert, George

  First Lord Baltimore, statesman and colonizer (1580-1632)

• Calvert, Leonard

  Governor of Maryland (1607-1647)

• Calvert, Philip

  Proprietary Governor of Maryland in 1660-1661

• Calvi and Teano, Diocese of

  The ancient Cales or Calenum in the Campagna, not far from Capua

• Calvinism

  Calvin succeeded Luther in point of time and was committed to a struggle with Zwingli's disciples at Zurich and elsewhere, known as Sacramentarians

• Calvin, John

  Born at Noyon in Picardy, France, 10 July, 1509, and died at Geneva, 27 May, 1564

• Calvinus, Justus Baronius

  Convert and apologist (1570-1606)

• Calynda

  A titular see of Asia Minor

• Camachus

  A titular see in Armenia

• Camaldolese

  A joint order of hermits and cenobites, founded by St. Romuald at the beginning of the eleventh century

• Cámara y Castro, Tomás

  Spanish bishop (1847-1904)

• Camargo, Diego Muñoz

  Born of a Spanish father and Indian mother soon after 1521; died at a very advanced age, the exact date unknown

• Cambiaso, Luca

  Genoese painter, b. at Moneglia near Genoa, in 1527; d. in the Escorial, Madrid, 1585

• Cambrai, Archdiocese of

  Comprises the entire Departement du Nord of France

• Cambridge, University of

  Includes information on history, studies, and buildings

• Cambysopolis

  Titular see of Asia Minor

• Camel, George Joseph

  Botanist, born at Brunn, in Moravia, 21 April 1661, died in Manila, 2 May, 1706

• Camerino, Diocese of

  Situated in the Italian province of Macerata in the Apennines, about 40 miles from Ancona

• Camerlengo

  The title of certain papal officials

• Cameroon

  Located in German West Africa, between British Nigeria and French Congo

• Camillus de Lellis, Saint

  Biographical article on founder of a religious order devoted to care of the sick and dying

• Camisards

  Eighteenth-century French sect

• Camões, Luis Vaz de

  Epic poet, born in 1524 or 1525; died 10 June, 1580

• Campagna, Girolamo

  Sculptor born in Verona, 1552; died about 1623 or 1625

• Campagnola, Domenico

  Painter of the Venetian school, b. at Padua in 1482; date of death unascertained

• Campaña, Pedro

  Flemish painter, known in France as Pierre de Champagne, and in Brussels as Pieter de Kempeneer (his actual name), or, as translated in Flemish, Van de Velde, b. at Brussels in 1503; d. there in 1580

• Campanella, Tommaso

  In-depth article on the strange career of the Italian anti-Aristotelian Dominican writer

• Campani, Giuseppe

  Italian optician and astronomer who lived in Rome during the latter half of the seventeenth century

• Campan, Jeanne-Louise-Henriette

  French educator, born 6 November, 1752, at Paris; died in 1822, at Mantes

• Campbell, James

  American public official (1812-1893)

• Campeche

  Diocese in the State of Campeche, Republic of Mexico, suffragan of the Archdiocese of Yucatan

• Campeggio, Lorenzo

  Cardinal, an eminent canonist, ecclesiastical diplomat, and reformer

• Campi, Bernardino

  Italian painter of the Lombard School, b. at Cremona, 1522; d. at Reggio, about 1590

• Campi, Galeazzo

  Italian painter, b. at Cremona, 1475; d. 1536

• Campi, Giulio

  Italian painter and architect, b. at Cremona about 1500; died there, 1572

• Campion, Saint Edmund

  English Jesuit, martyr, d. 1581. Biographical article

• Campo Santo de' Tedeschi

  A cemetery, church, and hospice for Germans on the south side of St. Peter's, Rome

• Camus de Pont-Carré, Jean-Pierre

  French bishop, b. 3 November, 1584, at Paris; d. there 25 April, 1652

• Cana

  A city of Galilee, Palestine

• Canaan, Canaanites

  The Hebrew word Kenaan, denoting a person

• Canada

  Comprises all that part of North America north of the United States, with the exception of Newfoundland, and Labrador

• Canada, Catholicity in

  Treated under three headings: I. Period of French domination, from the discovery of Canada to the Treaty of Paris, in 1763; II. Period of British rule, from 1763 to the present day; III. Present conditions

• Canal, José de la

  Ecclesiastical historian

• Canary Islands, The

  An archipelago in the North Atlantic Ocean facing the western coast of Africa

• Canatha

  A titular see of Arabia

• Cancer de Barbastro, Luis

  Dominican missionary to the New World (d. 1549)

• Candace

  Ethiopian queen

• Candia

  The residence of the Greek Metropolitan of Crete, who has seven suffragan sees, Khania, Kisamos, Rethymnon (Retimo), Sitia, Lampa, Arkadia, and Chersonesos

• Candidus

  The name of two scholars of the Carlovingian revival of letters in the ninth century

• Candlemas

  Also called: Purification of the Blessed Virgin, Feast of the Presentation of Christ in the Temple

• Candle, Paschal

  A large wax candle, usually fixed in a great candlestick and featured in the service on Holy Saturday

• Candles

  The word candle (candela, from candeo, to burn) was introduced into the English language as an ecclesiastical term, probably as early as the eighth century

• Candlesticks

  Provides the history of their use in Christian churches

• Candlestick, Seven-Branch

  One of the three chief furnishings of the Holy of the Tabernacle and the Temple. In reality it was an elaborate lampstand, set on the south side of the Holy Place

• Candlestick, Triple

  A name given along with several others to a church ornament used only in the office of Holy Saturday

• Canea

  Formerly a titular see of Crete, suppressed by a decree of 1894

• Canelos and Macas

  Vicariate Apostolic in Ecuador, South America

• Canes, Vincent

  Friar Minor and controversialist, born on the borders of Nottingham and Leicestershire, date uncertain; died in London, June, 1672

• Canice, Saint

  Irish priest, monastic founder, missionary to Scotland, d. 600

• Canisius, Henricus

  Canonist and historian, born at Nymwegen in Geldern

• Canisius, Peter, Blessed

  Long essay on the Dutch Jesuit priest, who died in 1597

• Canisius, Theodorich

  Born at Nimwegen, Holland, 1532; died 27 September, 1606, at Ingolstadt

• Cano, Alonso

  Spanish painter, architect, and sculptor (1601-1667)

• Cano, Melchior

  Article by John R. Volz on the character, teachings, and life of this Dominican bishop and theologian

• Canon

  Ecclesiastical person

• Canon

  Musical term, the strictest of all contrapuntal forms

• Canoness

  The assistance of women in the work of the Church goes back to the earliest time, and their uniting together for community exercises was a natural development of religious worship

• Canonical Hours

  Essay on the practice of reciting the Divine Office according to set hours

• Canon Law

  Canon law is the body of laws and regulations made by or adopted by ecclesiastical authority, for the government of the Christian organization and its members

• Canon of the Mass

  Article divided into four sections: (I) Name and place of the Canon; (II) History of the Canon; (III) The text and rubrics of the Canon; (IV) Mystical interpretations

• Canon of the New Testament

  The idea of a complete and clear-cut canon of the New Testament existing from the beginning, that is from Apostolic times, has no foundation in history

• Canon of the Old Testament

  Signifies the authoritative list or closed number of the writings composed under Divine inspiration, and destined for the well-being of the Church

• Canons, Apostolic

  A collection of ancient ecclesiastical decrees concerning the government and discipline of the Christian Church, incorporated with the Apostolic Constitutions

• Canons, Collections of Ancient

  Includes authority and methods

• Canons, Ecclesiastical

  Certain rules or norms of conduct or belief prescribed by the Church

• Canons, Penitential

  Rules laid down by councils or bishops concerning the penances to be done for various sins.

• Canons Regular of the Immaculate Conception

  A congregation founded in the department of Isere, at Saint-Antoine, France, by the Abbe Dom Adrien Grea

• Canopus

  A titular see of Egypt

• Canopy

  An ornamental covering of cloth, stone, wood, or metal, used to crown an altar, throne, pulpit, or statue

• Canossa

  A former castle of Matilda, Countess of Tuscany, in the foothills of the Apennines

• Canova, Antonio

  Italian sculptor (1757-1822)

• Cantate Sunday

  A name given to the fourth Sunday after Easter

• Canterbury

  The Ancient Diocese of Canterbury was the Mother-Church and Primatial See of All England, from 597 till the death of the last Catholic Archbishop, Cardinal Pole, in 1558

• Canticle

  Used in the English Catholic translation of the Bible as the equivalent of the Vulgate canticum in most, but not all, of the uses of that word; for where canticum is used for a sacred song

• Canticle of Canticles

  One of three books of Solomon, contained in the Hebrew, the Greek, and the Christian Canon of the Scriptures

• Canticle of Simeon

  The Canticle of Simeon found in Luke 2:29-32

• Cantius, Saint John

  Polish priest, professor of Sacred Scripture, d. 1473

• Cantor

  The chief singer (and sometimes instructor) of the ecclesiastical choir, called also precentor

• Cantù, Cesare

  Italian historian and poet, b. at Brivio, 8 December, 1807; d. at Milan, 11 March, 1895

• Canute

  King of the English, Danes, and Norwegians, b. about 994; d. at Shaftesbury, 12 November 1035

• Canute IV, Saint

  King of Denmark, martyr, d. 1086

• Capaccio and Vallo

  Suffragan diocese of Salerno

• Capecelatro, Alfonso

  Archbishop of Capua (1824-1912)

• Capefigue, Baptiste-Honoré-Raymond

  Historian, b. at Marseilles, 1802; d. at Paris, 22 December, 1872

• Caperolo, Pietro

  Friar Minor, date of birth unknown; d. at Velletri in 1480

• Capgrave, John

  Augustinian friar, historian, and theologian, b. at Lynn in Norfolk, 21 April, 1393

• Cap Haïtien

  Erected by Pius IX, 3 October, 1861, in the ecclesiastical Province of Port au Prince

• Capharnaum

  A titular see of Palestine

• Capital Punishment

  The infliction by due legal process of the penalty of death as a punishment for crime.

• Capitolias

  A titular see of Palestine, suffragan to Scythopolis in Palestina Secunda

• Capitulations, Episcopal and Pontifical

  Agreements, by which those taking part in the election of a bishop or pope imposed special conditions upon the candidate to be fulfilled by him after his election

• Capocci, Gaetano

  Italian composer (1811-1898)

• Capponi, Gino, Count

  Historian and litterateur; born at Florence, Italy, 13 September, 1792; died 3 February, 1876

• Capranica, Domenico

  Cardinal, theologian, canonist, and statesman, b. at Capranica near Palestrina, Italy, in 1400; d. at Rome, 14 July, 1458

• Caprara, Giovanni Battista

  Statesman and cardinal, born at Bologna, 29 May, 1733; died at Paris, 27 July, 1810

• Capreolus, John

  A theologian, born towards the end of the fourteenth century, (about 1380), in the diocese of Rodez, France; died in that city 6 April, 1444

• Capsa

  Titular see of North Africa

• Captain (in the Bible)

  In the Douay version captain represents several different Hebrew and Latin words, and designates both civil and military officers

• Captivities of the Israelites

  Includes the Assyrian, Babylonian, and Roman captivities

• Capua

  Situated in the province of Caserta, Southern Italy

• Capuchinesses

  A branch of the Poor Clares of the Primitive Observance, instituted at Naples, in 1538, by the Venerable Maria Longo

• Capuchin Friars Minor

  An autonomous branch of the first Franciscan Order

• Capuciati

  From caputium, hood - So named from the headgear which was one of their distinctive marks

• Caquetá

  Apostolic prefecture situated in South America on the southern border of the Republic of Colombia

• Carabantes, José de

  Friar Minor Capuchin and theologian, born in Aragon, in 1628; died in 1694

• Caracalla

  Roman Emperor, son of Septimius Severus and Julia Domna, b. 188; d. 217

• Caracas

  Located in the Republic of Venezuela, a metropolitan see with the Barquisimeto, Calabozo, Guayana, Merida, and Zulia as suffragans

• Caraffa, Vincent

  Seventh General of the Society of Jesus (1585-1649)

• Caraites

  A Jewish sect professing to follow the text of the Bible (Miqra) to the exclusion of Rabbinical traditions, and hence opposed to the Talmud

• Caramuel y Lobkowitz, Juan

  Spanish ecclesiastic and writer (1606-1682)

• Caravaggio (Michaelangelo Morigi)

  Milanese painter, b. at Caravaggio in 1569, d. at Porto d' Ercole in 1609

• Carayon, Auguste

  French author and bibliographer (1813-1874)

• Carbery, James Joseph

  Third Bishop of Hamilton, Ontario (1823-1887)

• Carbonari

  The name of a secret political society, which played an important part, chiefly in France and Italy, during the first decades of the nineteenth century

• Carbonnelle, Ignatius

  Professor of mathematics and science (1829-1889)

• Carcassonne

  Diocese comprising the entire department of Aude, and suffragan to Toulouse

• Cardan, Girolamo

  Italian physician and mathematician (1501-1576)

• Cardenas, Juan

  Moral theologian and author (1613-1684)

• Cardica

  A titular see of Thessaly

• Cardinal

  A dignitary of the Roman Church and counsellor of the pope

• Cardinal Protector

  Since the thirteenth century it has been customary at Rome to confide to some particular cardinal a special solicitude in the Roman Curia for the interests of a given religious order or institute, confraternity, church, college, city, or nation

• Cardinals (1913 List)

  Members of the College of Cardinals, 1913

• Cardinal Vicar

  The vicar-general of the pope, as Bishop of Rome, for the spiritual administration of the city, and its surrounding district, properly known as Vicarius Urbis

• Cardinal Virtues

  The four principal virtues upon which the rest of the moral virtues turn or are hinged

• Carducci, Bartolommeo and Vincenzo

  Florentine painters, brothers, usually grouped under the Spanish School

• Carem

  Name of a town in the Tribe of Juda

• Carey, Mathew

  Author and publisher, b. in Dublin, Ireland, 28 January, 1760; d. in Philadelphia, U.S.A., 15 September, 1839

• Carheil, Etienne de

  French missionary among the Indians of Canada, born at Carentoir, France, November 1633; died at Quebec, 27 July, 1726

• Cariati

  Suffragan of Santa Severina

• Caribs

  Next to the Arawaks, probably the most numerous Indian stock, of more or less nomadic habits, in South America

• Carissimi, Giacomo

  Detailing his work in and composition for the Roman Catholic Church

• Carli, Dionigi da Piacenza

  Seventeenth century Capuchin missionary

• Carlisle

  The Catholic was smaller in extent than the present Anglican diocese, which was enlarged in 1856

• Carlovingian Schools

  Established under the Merovingian Kings, a school, scola palatina, the chroniclers of the eighth century styled it for the training of the young Frankish nobles in the art of war and in the ceremonies of the court

• Carmel

  Designates in the Old Testament a certain city and its adjacent territory in the tribe of Juda

• Carmel, Feast of Our Lady of Mount

  This feast was instituted by the Carmelites between 1376 and 1386

• Carmelite Order, The

  One of the mendicant orders

• Carmel, Mount

  A well-known mountain ridge in Palestine, usually called in the Hebrew Bible Hakkarmel

• Carneiro, Melchior

  Missionary bishop (d. 1583)

• Carnoy, Jean-Baptiste

  Belgian biologist (1836-1899)

• Carochi, Horacio

  Jesuit missionary to Mexico (1586-1666)

• Caroline Books

  A work in four books (120 or 121 chapters), purporting to be the composition of Charlemagne, and written about 790-92

• Caroline Islands

  A group of about 500 small coral islands, east of the Philippines, in the Pacific Ocean

• Caron, Raymond

  Franciscan friar and author, b. at Athlone, Ireland, in 1605; d. at Dublin, 1666

• Caron, Reneé-Edouard

  French Canadian statesman and magistrate (1800-1876)

• Carpaccio, Vittore

  Venetian painter whose real name was Scarpazza, b. at Venice about 1455; d. in the same city between 1523 and 1526

• Carpasia

  A titular see of Cyprus. Carpasia, Karpasia, also Karpasion is said to have been founded by King Pygmalion near Cape Sarpedon

• Carpi

  Situated in the province of Modena, Central Italy

• Carracci

  Italian painter, engraver, and etcher, b. at Bologna, 16 August, 1557; d. at Parma, 22 March, 1602

• Carranza, Bartolomé

  Archbishop of Toledo; b. at Miranda de Arga, Spain, 1503; d. at Rome, 2 May, 1576

• Carranza, Diego

  Missionary among the Chontal Indians

• Carreno de Miranda, Juan

  Spanish painter, b. at Aviles in Asturia, 1614; d. at Madrid, 1685

• Carrera, Rafael

  In 1847 Carrera was, by a kind of election, made President of Guatemala, and seven years later he became dictator, that is, president for life with the right to designate his successor

• Carrhae

  A titular see of Mesopotamia

• Carrière, Joseph

  Moral theologian, thirteenth superior of the seminary and Society of Saint-Sulpice (1795-1864)

• Carrières, Louis de

  Born in the chateau de la Plesse in Avrille, Angers, France, 1 September, 1662; d. at Paris, 11 June 1717

• Carroll, Charles, of Carrollton

  American statesman (1737-1832)

• Carroll, Daniel

  Brother of Archbishop Carroll, b. at upper Marlboro, Maryland, U. S. A., 1733; d. at Washington, 1829

• Carroll, John

  First American bishop (1735-1815)

• Cartagena

  The city of the same name, residence of the archbishop, is situated on an island to the north of Tierra Bomba, Colombia

• Cartagena

  Suffragan of Granada in Spain since the concordat of 1851, previously of Toledo

• Carter, Venerable William

  English printer, martyred in 1584

• Carthage

  Founded by Phoenician colonists, and long the great opponent of Rome in the duel for supremacy, was destroyed by a Roman army, 146 B.C. A little more than a century later (44 B.C.), a new city composed of Roman colonists was founded on the site

• Carthage, Saint

  Also known as Mochuda. Irish monk, priest, hermit, founder. He composed a monastic rule in Irish verse. Died in 637

• Carthusian Order, The

  The name is derived from the French chartreuse through the Latin cartusia, of which the English 'charterhouse' is a corruption

• Cartier, Georges-Etienne

  French Canadian statesman, son of Jacques Cartier and Marguerite Paradis, b. at St. Antoine, on the Richelieu, 16 Sept., 1814; d. in London 20 May, 1873

• Cartier, Jacques

  The discoverer of Canada, b. at Saint-Malo, Brittany, in 1491; d. 1 September, 1557

• Carvajal, Bernardino Lopez de

  Cardinal, b. 1455, at Plasencia in Estremadura, Spain; d. at Rome 16 Dec., 1523

• Carvajal, Gaspar de

  Dominican missionary, b. in Estremadura, Spain, c. 1500; d. at Lima, Peru, 1584

• Carvajal, Juan

  Cardinal; b. about 1400 at Truxillo in Estremadura, Spain; d. at Rome, 6 December, 1469

• Carvajal, Luisa de

  Born 2 Jan., 1568, at Jaraizejo, Spain; died 2 Jan., 1614, at London, a lady of high birth, who received from God what appears to have been a special vocation to go to England and minister to those who were suffering for the Faith

• Carvajal, Luis de

  Friar Minor and Tridentine theologian, b. about 1500; the time of his death is uncertain

• Carve, Thomas

  Historian, b. in Co. Tipperary, Ireland, 1590; d. probably in 1672

• Caryll, John

  Poet, dramatist, and diplomatist, b. at West Harting, England, 1625; d. 1711

• Carystus

  A titular see of Greece

• Casale Monferatto

  A suffragan of Vercelli. Casale Monferrato

• Casali, Giovanni Battista

  Musician, b. at Rome in 1715; d. there 1792. From 1759 until his death he held the position of choir-master in the church of St. John Lateran

• Casanare

  Vicariate Apostolic in the Republic of Colombia, South America, administered by the Augustinians, subject to the Congregation of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs

• Casanata, Girolamo

  Cardinal, b. at Naples, 13 July, 1620; d. at Rome, 3 March, 1700

• Casas, Bartolomé de las

  Born at Seville, probably in 1474; d. at Madrid, 1566

• Caserta

  The capital of the province of that name in Southern Italy

• Casey, John

  Mathematician, b. at Kilkenny, Ireland, 12 May, 1820; d. at Dublin, 3 Jan, 1891

• Casgrain, Henri Raymond

  Author of French Canadian literature (1831-1904)

• Cashel

  A town in the County Tipperary, Ireland, which is also a Catholic archbishopric and the see of a Protestant bishop

• Casimir, Saint

  Prince of Poland, remained unmarried by choice, d. in 1484 at the age of 25

• Casium

  A titular see of Lower Egypt

• Casot, Jean-Jacques

  The last surviving Jesuit of the old Canada mission, born in Liege, Belgium, 4 October, 1728; died at Quebec, 16 March, 1800

• Cassander, George

  Flemish Humanist and theologian (1513-1566)

• Cassani, Joseph

  Spanish Jesuit (1673-1686)

• Cassano all' Ionio

  Suffragan of Reggio

• Casserly, Patrick S.

  Educator, b. in Ireland; d. in New York, where for many years he conducted a classical school

• Cassian, John

  Article on the monk and ascetic writer, who attempted to convey the teaching and way of life of the desert fathers and mothers to the fledgling monastic movement in Gaul

• Cassidy, William

  Journalist, essayist, critic, b. at Albany, New York, U.S.A., 12 Aug., 1815; d. there 23 Jan., 1873

• Cassini, Giovanni Domenico

  Italian astronomer (1625-1712)

• Cassiodorus

  Roman writer, statesman, and monk, b. about 490; d. about 583

• Casson, François Dollier de

  Fourth superior of Saint-Sulpice, Montreal, Canada, b. near Nantes, France, 1636; d. in 1701

• Cassovia

  Diocese in Hungary, founded in 1804 by the division of the Diocese of Agria, in the archdiocese of the same name, and the Dioceses of Cassovia and Szatmar

• Castabala

  A titular see of Asia Minor, Latin title suppressed, 1894

• Castagno, Andrea

  Florentine painter, b. near Florence, 1390; d. at Florence, 9 August, 1457

• Castellammare di Stabia

  The seat of the diocese is an industrial city, situated on the Bay of Naples, on a slope of Monte Gauro, and famous for its health-giving mineral springs

• Castellaneta (Castania)

  Suffragan of Taranto

• Castellanos, Juan de

  Soldier, priest, and epic poet, born in Spain in the first half of the sixteenth century; date of death unknown

• Castelli, Benedetto

  Mathematician and physicist; b. at Perugia, Italy, 1577; d. at Rome, 1644

• Castelli, Pietro

  Italian physician and botanist, b. at Rome in 1574; d. at Messina in 1662

• Castello, Giovanni Battista

  Italian painter, sculptor, and architect; b. at Gandino, in the Valle Seriana, in the territory of Bergamo, in 1509 (some writers state 1500 or 1506); d. at Madrid in 1579

• Castiglione, Baldassare

  Italian prose-writer, b. at Casatico, near Mantua, 6 December, 1478; died at Toledo, Spain, 7 February, 1529

• Castiglione, Carlo Ottavio

  Philologist and numismatist, b. of an ancient family at Milan, Italy, 1784; d. at Genoa, 10 April, 1849

• Castiglione, Giovanni Benedetto

  Painter and etcher, b. at Genoa, Italy, 1616; d. at Mantua, 1670

• Castillejo, Cristóbal de

  Spanish poet, b. in Ciudad Rodrigo (Salamanca), 1491; d. in Vienna, 12 June, 1556

• Castner, Caspar

  Jesuit missionary to China (1655-1709)

• Castoria

  A titular see of Macedonia

• Castracane degli Antelminelli, Francesco

  Naturalist, b. at Fano, Italy, 19 July, 1817; d. at Rome 27 March, 1899

• Castro, Alphonsus de

  Friar Minor and theologian, b. in 1495 at Zamora, Leon, Spain; d. 11 February 1558, at Brussels

• Castro, Guigo de

  Medieval Carthusian (1083-1137)

• Castro Palao, Fernando

  Spanish theologian (1581-1633)

• Castro y Bellvis, Guillen de

  Spanish dramatic poet, b. of a noble family at Valencia in 1569; d. at Madrid in 1631

• Casuistry

  The application of general principles of morality to definite and concrete cases of human activity, for the purpose, primarily, of determining what one ought to do, or ought not to do, or what one may do or leave undone as one pleases; and for the purpose, secondarily, of deciding whether and to what extent guilt or immunity from guilt follows on an action already posited

• Caswall, Edward

  Oratorian and poet, b. 15 July 1814, at Yately, Hampshire, of which place his father, the Rev. R. C. Caswall, was vicar; d. at the Oratory, Birmingham, 2 January, 1878

• Catacombs, Roman

  The subject is covered under the headings: I. Position; II. History; III. Inscriptions; IV. Paintings; V. Sarcophagi; VI. Small Objects Found in the Catacombs; and VII. Catacombs outside Rome

• Catafalque

  Derived from the Italian word catafalco, literally means a scaffold or elevation, but in its strictly liturgical sense the word is employed to designate the cenotaph-like erection which is used at the exequial offices of the Church, and takes the place of the bier whenever the remains are not present

• Catalani, Giuseppe

  A Roman liturgist of the eighteenth century, member of the Oratory of San Girolamo della Carita (Hieronymite), famous for his correct editions of the chief liturgical books of the Roman Church, which are still in habitual use, and which he enriched with scholarly commentaries illustrative of the history, rubrics, and canon law of the Roman Liturgy

• Catalonia

  A principality within the Spanish Monarchy

• Catania

  A seaport and capital of the province of the same name in Sicily, situated on the eastern side of Mount Etna

• Catanzaro

  Suffragan of Reggio

• Catechesis

  The word katechesis means instruction by word of mouth, especially by questioning and answering. The Apostle insists upon 'doctrine' as one of the most important duties of a bishop

• Catechism, Roman

  This catechism differs from other summaries of Christian doctrine for the instruction of the people in two points: it is primarily intended for priests having care of souls (ad parochos), and it enjoys an authority equalled by no other catechism

• Catechumen

  In the early Church, was the name applied to one who had not yet been initiated into the sacred mysteries, but was undergoing a course of preparation for that purpose

• Categorical Imperative

  A term which originated in Immanuel Kant's ethics

• Category

  The term was transferred by Aristotle from its forensic meaning (procedure in legal accusation) to its logical use as attribution of a subject

• Catenæ

  Collections of excerpts from the writings of Biblical commentators, especially the Fathers and early ecclesiastical writers, strung together like the links of a chain, and in this way exhibiting a continuous and connected interpretation of a given text of Scripture

• Cathari

  From the Greek katharos, pure, literally 'puritans', a name specifically applied to, or used by, several sects at various periods

• Cathedra

  Three uses of the word are detailed

• Cathedral

  The chief church of a diocese

• Cathedraticum

  A certain sum of money to be contributed annually for the support of the bishop, as a mark of honour and in sign of subjection to the cathedral church, hence its name

• Catherick, Venerable Edmund

  Priest and martyr, born probably in Lancashire about 1605; executed at York, 13 April, 1642

• Catherine de' Medici

  Born 13 April, 1519; died 5 January, 1589; she was the daughter of Lorenzo de' Medici (II), Duke of Urbino, and Madeleine de la Tour d' Auvergne who, by her mother, Catherine of Bourbon, was related to the royal house of France

• Catherine de' Ricci, Saint

  Biography of the cloistered Third Order Dominican nun, mystic, who died in 1590

• Catherine, Monastery of Saint

  Situated on Mount Sinai, in a gorge below the Jebel-Musa, the reputed Mountain of the Law

• Catherine of Alexandria, Saint

  Article on the virgin and martyr. In the Middle Ages, one of the most popular saints

• Catherine of Bologna, Saint

  Short biography of this Poor Clare, mystic, and writer, who died in 1463

• Catherine of Genoa, Saint

  Biography of the mystic and author, who died in 1510

• Catherine of Siena, Saint

  Third Order Dominican, hermit, reformer, mystic, d. 1380. Biographical article by Edmund G. Gardner

• Catherine of Sweden, Saint

  Daughter of St. Bridget of Sweden. Widow, pilgrim, superior of the Brigittine motherhouse, d. 1381. Biographical article

• Catholic

  The combination 'the Catholic Church' (he katholike ekklesia) is found for the first time in the letter of St. Ignatius to the Smyrnaeans, written about the year 110

• Catholic Benevolent Legion

  A fraternal assessment life-insurance society organized in Brooklyn, New York, U.S.A., 5 September, 1881

• Catholic Club of New York

  A social organization described by its constitution as a club which 'shall consist of Catholic gentlemen who are governed by a spirit of devotion to the Church and fidelity to the Holy Father'

• Catholic Epistle

  The name given to the Epistle of St. James, to that of St. Jude, to two Epistles of St. Peter and the first three of St. John, because, unlike the Epistles of St. Paul, they were addressed not to any particular person or church, but to the faithful generally after the manner of an Encyclical letter

• Catholic Knights of America

  A fraternal life-insurance company chartered under the laws of the State of Kentucky, U.S.A. It was founded in Nashville, Tennessee by James J. McLoughlin, D.N. Burke, John Broderick, and John McDonald

• Catholic Missionary Union

  The corporate name of a society whose directors are chosen from among the bishops of the United States, the seminaries, the parishes and the missionary organizations of that country, its purpose being to engage priests and lay-men as missionaries to non-Catholics in the United States, to provide for their maintenance, to distribute Catholic literature, and in every way to assist the bishops in establishing and carrying on home missions in their various jurisdictions

• Catholicos

  The ecclesiastical title of the Nestorian and Armenian patriarchs

• Catholic University of America

  A pontifical institution located in Washington, D.C. It comprises the Schools of the Sacred Sciences, Philosophy, Law, Letters, and Science, each of which includes several departments

• Catholic University of Ireland

  The project was launched at the Synod of Thurles in 1850

• Catrou, François

  French historian, b. at Paris, 28 December, 1659; d. there 12 October, 1737

• Cattaro

  Suffragan of Zara

• Cauchy, Augustin-Louis

  French mathematician, b. at Paris, 21 August, 1789; d. at Sceaux, 23 May, 1857

• Caughnawaga

  Also known as Sault St. Louis. An Iroquois reservation, situated on the south bank of the St. Lawrence, about ten miles above Montreal

• Caulet, François-Etienne

  A French bishop and Jansenist, b. at Toulouse, 1610; d. at Pamiers, 1680

• Caunus

  A titular see of Asia Minor. Kaunos was said to have been founded by Kaunos, son of Miletos and Kyane, on the southern coast of Caria, opposite Rhodes, and was known as Rhodian Peraea, at the foot of Mount Tarbelos

• Cause

  Cause, as the correlative of effect, is understood as being that which in any way gives existence to, or contributes towards the existence of, any thing; which produces a result; to which the origin of any thing is to be ascribed

• Caussin, Nicolas

  French Jesuit preacher and moralist (1583-1651)

• Cavagnis, Felice

  Canonist, b. in Bordogna, Diocese of Bergamo, Italy, 13 January, 1841; d. at Rome, 29 December, 1906

• Cavalieri, Bonaventura

  Italian mathematician, b. at Milan in 1598; d. at Bologna, 3 December, 1647

• Cavanagh, James

  Soldier, b. in County Tipperary, Ireland, 1831; d. in New York, 7 January, 1901

• Cavazzi, Giovanni Antonio

  Of Montecucolo, a Capuchin friar of the province of Bologna, date of birth uncertain; died at Genoa, 1692

• Cavedoni, Celestino

  Italian ecclesiastic, archaeologist, and numismatist; b. 18 May, 1795, at Levizzano-Rangone, near Modena; d. 26 November, 1865, at Modena

• Cavo, Andres

  A writer frequently quoted on Spanish-Mexican history; b. at Guadalajara in Mexico, 21 January, 1729, he entered the Society of Jesus, 14 January, 1758, and went to Italy with the other members of the order after their expulsion from Mexico in 1767

• Caxton, William

  Born in the Weald of Kent, c. 1422; died at Westminster, 1491; the first English printer and the introducer of the art of printing into England

• Cayes

  Diocese in the republic of Haiti, suffragan to Port-au-Prince

• Caylus, Comte de

  French archaeologist, b. at Paris, in 1692; d. in 1765

• Cazeau, Charles-Félix

  French-Canadian priest (1807-1881)

• Ceadda, Saint

  Commonly known as St. Chad. Seventh-century bishop of Lichfield

• Cebú

  Located in the Philippine Islands. Cebu, the diocesan city, spelled also Sebu and Zebu, in the province of the same name

• Cecilia, Saint

  Virgin and martyr; patroness of church music

• Cedar

  A coniferous tree frequently mentioned in the Bible

• Cedar

  The name of the second son of Ismael; also of an Arabian tribe descended from him, and of the territory occupied by it

• Cedd, Saint

  Brother of St. Chad (Ceadda) and bishop of the East Saxons, d. 664

• Cedes

  A Levitical city and place of refuge in Nephtali and a Levitical city of Issachar assigned to the family of Gersom

• Cedron, Brook of

  The name designates in Holy Writ the ravine on the east of Jerusalem, between the Holy City and the Mount of Olives

• Cefalù

  The city of the same name in the province of Palermo, in Sicily (Italy), is situated nearly in the centre of the northern coast of the island

• Ceillier, Rémi

  Patrologist, b. at Bar-le-Duc, 14 May, 1688; d. at Flavigny, 26 May, 1763

• Celebret

  A letter which a bishop gives to a priest, that he may obtain permission in another diocese to say Mass, and for this purpose bears testimony that he is free from canonical censures

• Celenderis

  A port and fortress in Isauria, founded by the Phoenicians or, according to legend, by Sandacos, son of Astynooes and grandson of Phaethon

• Celestine III, Pope

  The first Orsini pope (b. 1106) who reigned 1191-1198

• Celestine II, Pope

  Reigned 1143-1144

• Celestine I, Pope Saint

  Excommunicated Nestorius, sent St. Patrick to Ireland, d. 432

• Celestine IV, Pope

  Reigned October-November 1241

• Celestine Order

  Also called the Hermits of St. Damian or Hermits of Murrone

• Celestines

  The name given to certain extreme 'Spiritual' Franciscans of the Marches, because they were taken by Celestine V under his special protection

• Celestine V, Pope Saint

  Benedictine priest and hermit, d. 1296

• Celibacy of the Clergy

  The renunciation of marriage implicitly or explicitly made, for the more perfect observance of chastity, by all those who receive the Sacrament of Orders in any of the higher grades

• Cella

  One of the names by which the small memorial chapels sometimes erected in the Christian cemeteries of the first age were known

• Cellier, Elizabeth

  A noted London midwife, who came into prominence through the pretended 'Meal-Tub Plot' of 1680

• Celsus and Nazarius, Saints

  Roman martyrs of the Diocletian persecution

• Celsus the Platonist

  An eclectic Platonist and polemical writer against Christianity, who flourished towards the end of the second century

• Celtes, Conrad

  German Humanist, b. at Wipfeld in Lower Franconia, 1 February, 1459; d. at Vienna, 4 February, 1508

• Celtic Rite, The

  The term 'Celtic Rite' is generally, but rather indefinitely, applied to the various rites in use in Great Britain, Ireland, perhaps in Brittany, and sporadically in Northern Spain, and in the monasteries which resulted from the Irish missions of St. Columbanus in France, Germany, Switzerland, and Italy, at a time when rites other than the then existing rite of Rome were used, wholly or partially, in those places

• Cemeteries

  The word coemeterium or cimiterium (in Gr. koimeterion) may be said in early literature to be used exclusively of the burial places of Jews and Christians

• Cemeteries, Early Roman Christian

  This article treats briefly of the individual catacomb cemeteries in the vicinity of Rome

• Cemeteries in Law

  Includes information concerning the laws in the United States and Canada

• Cenacle, Religious of the

  The Society of Our Lady of the Cenacle was founded in 1826, at La Louvesc in France, near the tomb of St. John Francis Regis

• Cenalis, Robert

  Bishop, historian, and controversialist, b. in Paris, 1483; d. there, 1560

• Ceneda

  Situated in the province of Treviso, in former Venetian territory, on a declivity of the Rhaetian Alps

• Censer

  A vessel suspended by chains, and used for burning incense at solemn Mass, Vespers, Benediction, processions, and other important offices of the Church

• Censorship of Books

  Either ecclesiastical or civil, according as it is practiced by the spiritual or secular authority, and it may be exercised in two ways, viz.: before the printing or publishing of a work, by examining it (censura praevia); and after the printing or publishing, by repressing or prohibiting it (censura repressiva)

• Censures, Ecclesiastical

  Medicinal and spiritual punishments imposed by the Church on a baptized, delinquent, and contumacious person, by which he is deprived, either wholly of in part, of the use of certain spiritual goods, until he recover from his contumacy

• Censures, Theological

  Doctrinal judgments by which the Church stigmatizes certain teachings detrimental to faith or morals

• Census

  A canonical term variously defined by different writers

• Central Verein of North America, German Roman Catholic

  The origin dates back to 1854, in which year the presidents of three German Catholic benevolent societies of Buffalo, new York, issued a call to various German Catholic societies for the purpose for forming a central body

• Centre (Party), The

  This name is given to a political party in the German Reichstag and to a number of parties in the diets of the various states of the German Empire

• Centuriators of Magdeburg

  A group of Lutheran scholars who had gathered at Magdeburg, and who are now known to history as the 'Centuriators of Magdeburg' because of the way in which they divided their work (century by century) and the place in which the first five volumes were written

• Centurion

  A Roman officer commanding a century or company, the strength of which varied from fifty to one hundred men

• Ceolfrid, Saint

  Anglo-Saxon Benedictine, abbot of Wearmouth and Jarrow, d. 716

• Ceolwulf

  King of Northumbria and monk of Lindisfarne, date and place of birth not known; died at Lindisfarne, 764

• Cepeda, Francisco

  A very active missionary among the Indians, born in the province of La Mancha, 1532; died at Guatemala, 1602

• Ceramus

  A titular see of Asia Minor

• Cerasus

  A titular see of Pontus Polemoniacus in Asia Minor

• Ceremonial

  The book which contains in detail the order of religious ceremony and solemn worship prescribed to be observed in ecclesiastical functions

• Ceremony

  In liturgy, an external action, gesture, or movement which accompanies the prayers and public exercise of divine worship

• Cerinthus

  A Gnostic-Ebionite heretic, contemporary with St. John; against whose errors on the divinity of Christ the Apostle is said to have written the Fourth Gospel

• Certitude

  The word indicates both a state of mind and a quality of a proposition, according as we say, 'I am certain', or, 'It is certain'

• Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de

  Spanish author (1547-1616)

• Cervantes, Salazar Francisco

  One of the first professors of the University of Mexico, born at Toledo, Spain, probably in 1513 or 1514; went to Mexico in 1550; died there in 1575

• Cervia

  Suffragan of Ravenna

• Cesalpino, Andrea

  Article by Joseph Rompel dwells upon Cesalpino's botanical accomplishments as well as his philosophical positions

• Cesarini, Giuliano

  Born at Rome, 1398; died at Varna, in Bulgaria 10 November, 1444

• Cesena

  The ancient Caesena is a city of Emilia, in the province of Forli (Italy), in the former States of the Church

• Ceslaus, Saint

  Polish Dominican, d. about 1242

• Cestra

  Titular see of Asia Minor

• Ceva, Thomas

  Mathematician (1648-1737)

• Ceylon

  An island to the south-east of India and separated from it only by a chain of reefs and sand-banks called Adam's Bridge

• Chabanel, Noel

  Biographical profile of the Jesuit missionary and martyr

• Chachapoyas

  Diocese in Peru

• Chadwick, James

  Irish bishop (1813-1882)

• Chaignon, Pierre

  French Jesuit (1791-1883)

• Chair of Peter

  From the earliest times the Church at Rome celebrated on 18 January the memory of the day when the Apostle held his first service with the faithful of the Eternal City

• Chalcedon

  A titular see of Asia Minor. The city was founded 676 B.C. by the Megarians on the Bithynian coast, opposite the place where a little later Byzantium rose

• Chalcedon, Council of

  The Fourth Ecumenical Council, held in 451, from 8 October until 1 November inclusive, at Chalcedon, a city of Bithynia in Asia Minor

• Chaldean Christians

  The name of former Nestorians now reunited with the Roman Church

• Chalice

  Occupies the first place among sacred vessels, and by a figure of speech the material cup is often used as if it were synonymous with the Precious Blood itself

• Challoner, Richard

  Bishop of Debra, Vicar Apostolic of the London District, author of spiritual and controversial works, b. 29 Sept., 1691; d. 12 Jan., 1781

• Châlons-sur-Marne

  The Diocese comprises the department of Marne, exclusive of the arrondissement of Reims

• Chambéry

  In 1467, in the ducal chapel built for the Holy Winding-Sheet (Santo Sudario) by Amadeus IX, duke of Savoy, and the Duchess Yolande of France, Paul II erected a chapter directly subject to the Holy See, and his successor Sixtus IV, united this chapter with the deanery of Savoy

• Cham, Chamites

  Son of Noe and progenitor of one of the three great races of men whose ethnographical table is given by Genesis 10

• Champlain, Samuel de

  Founder of Quebec (1570-1635)

• Champney, Anthony

  Controversialist (1569-1643)

• Champollion, Jean-François

  A biography of the French Orientalist renowned for deciphering hieroglyphics through the triple inscription on the Rosetta Stone

• Champs, Etienne Agard de

  Theologian and author (1613-1701)

• Chanca, Diego Alvarez

  A physician-in-ordinary to Ferdinand and Isabella of Castile and Aragon; dates of birth and death uncertain

• Chancel

  Part of the choir near the altar of a church, where the deacons or sub-deacons stand to assist the officiating priest

• Chancery, Diocesan

  That branch of administration which handles all written documents used in the official government of a diocese

• Chanel, Peter-Louis-Marie, Saint

  Two articles on the French Marist missionary. Martyred in 1841

• Changanacherry

  Vicariate Apostolic in Travancore, India

• Chantal, Saint Jane Frances de

  Biography of the widowed baroness, mother, founder of the Congregation of the Visitation, who died in 1641

• Chantelou, Claude

  Patristic scholar, born in 1617, at Vion, in the present Diocese of Le Mans, France; died 28 November, 1664, at the Monastery of Saint-Germain-des-Pres in Paris

• Chant, Gregorian

  Short description and history, with links to more information

• Chant, Plain

  Description and history of the precursor to Gregorian chant

• Chantry

  The endowment of one or more priests to say or sing Mass for the soul of the endower, or for the souls of persons named by him, and also, in the greater number of cases, to perform certain other offices, such as those of choir member in a collegiate church or cathedral, or of curate in outlying districts, or of chaplain in hospitals and jails, or of schoolmaster or librarian

• Chapeauville, Jean

  Belgian theologian and historian, b. at Liege, 5 January, 1551; d. there 11 May 1617

• Chapel

  When St. Martin divided his military cloak (cappa) and gave half to the beggar at the gate of Amiens, he wrapped the other half round his shoulders, thus making of it a cape (capella). This cape, or its representative, was afterwards preserved as a relic and accompanied the Frankish kings in their wars, and the tent which sheltered it became known also as cappella or capella. In this tent Mass was celebrated by the military chaplains (capellani). When at rest in the palace the relic likewise gav

• Chapelle, Placide-Louis

  Archbishop of New Orleans, U.S.A., b. at Runes Lozere, France, 28 August, 1842; d. at New Orleans, 9 August, 1905

• Chaplain

  Discusses the types including court, beneficed, parochial, domestic, pontifical, and military

• Chaptal, Jean-Antoine

  Comte de Chanteloup, technical chemist and statesman; b. Nogaret, Lozere, France, 4 June, 1756; d. Paris, 30 July, 1832

• Chapter

  Designates certain corporate ecclesiastical bodies, said to be derived from the chapter of the rule book, which it was the custom to read in the assemblies of monks

• Chapter and Conventual Mass

  A conventual Mass sung or said in all cathedrals and collegiate churches that have a chapter; in this case it is often called the 'chapter' Mass

• Chapter House

  A building attached to a monastery or cathedral in which the meetings of the chapter are held

• Character

  A consideration of the term as it is used in psychology and ethics

• Character, Sacramental

  Indicates a special effect produced by three of the sacraments, viz. Baptism, Confirmation, and Holy orders

• Charadrus

  A titular see of Asia Minor

• Chardon, Jean-Baptiste

  Indian missionary in Canada, and in the Louisiana territory, born at Bordeaux, France, 27 April, 1672; died at Quebec, 11 April, 1743

• Chardon, Mathias

  A learned French Benedictine of the Congregation of the Saint-Vannes, b. at Yvoi-Varignan in the present department of Ardennes, France, 22 September, 1695; d. at the monastery of St-Arnold in Metz, 21 October, 1771

• Charette de la Contrie, Baron Athanase-Charles-Marie

  French monarchist (1832-1911)

• Chariopolis

  A titular see of Thrace

• Charismata

  The spiritual graces and qualifications granted to every Christian to perform his task in the Church

• Charitable Bequests, Civil Law Concerning

  A charity, in the legal sense of the term, may be defined as a gift to be applied consistently with existing laws, for the benefit of an indefinite number of persons, either by bringing their minds or hearts under the influence of education or religion, by relieving their bodies from disease, suffering, or constraint, by assisting them to establish themselves in life, or by erecting and maintaining public buildings or works or otherwise lessening the burdens of the government

• Charity and Charities

  In its widest and highest sense, charity includes love of God as well as love of man

• Charity, Congregation of the Brothers of

  Founded in Belgium, the rule and constitutions were approved and confirmed by Pope Leo XIII, 4 July, 1899

• Charity, Sisters of, of Jesus and Mary

  A congregation founded in 1803 by Canon Triest, who was known as 'the St. Vincent de Paul of Belgium', for he was the founder as well of the Brothers of St. John of God, and the Sisters of the Infant Jesus

• Charity, Sisters of, of Our Lady Mother of Mercy

  A congregation founded in Holland in 1832 by the Rev. John Zwijsen, pastor of Tilburg, aided by Mary M. Leijsen, for the instruction of children and the betterment of a people deprived of spiritual aid by the disastrous effects of the Reformation

• Charity, Sisters of, of Providence

  More accurately, Daughters of Charity, Servants of the Poor, founded in Montreal, Canada, by Bishop Bourget and Madame Jean Baptiste Gamelin (Marie Emelie Eugenie Tavernier), 25 March, 1843

• Charity, Sisters of, of St. Elizabeth

  A community founded at Newark, in 1859, by Mother Mary Xavier Mehegan, who for twelve years previously had been a member of the Sisters of Charity, of St. Vincent de Paul in New York

• Charity, Sisters of, of St. Louis

  Founded at Vannes in Brittany, in 1803, by Madame Mole, nee de Lamoignan, for the education of poor girls, at the suggestion of Bishop de Pancemont, of Vannes, who was her director

• Charity, Sisters of, of St. Paul

  These sisters who now add 'Of Chartres' to their title to distinguish them from another congregation of the same name, were founded at Chartres in 1704 by Monsignor Marechaut, a theologian of the Cathedral of Chartres, assisted by Mlle de Tilly and Mlle de Tronche

• Charity, Sisters of, of St. Vincent de Paul

  A congregation of women with simple vows, founded in 1633 and devoted to corporal and spiritual works of mercy

• Charity, Sisters of, of St. Vincent de Paul (New York)

  Motherhouse at Mt. St. Vincent-on Hudson, New York; not to be confused with the Sisters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul founded earlier

• Charity, Sisters of, of the Blessed Virgin Mary

  A congregation begun by five young women in Dublin, Ireland, 8 December, 1831, with the purpose of devoting themselves to the service of God in the education of children

• Charity, Sisters of, (St. John, New Brunswick)

  Founded in 1854 by Bishop, subsequently Archbishop, Connolly

• Charity, Theological Virtue of

  The third and greatest of the Divine virtues enumerated by St. Paul (1 Corinthians 13:13), usually called charity, defined: a divinely infused habit, inclining the human will to cherish God for his own sake above all things, and man for the sake of God

• Charlemagne

  Biography of the emperor covering his political, military, and religious entanglements

• Charlemagne and Church Music

  Charlemagne's interest in church music and solicitude for its propagation and adequate performance throughout his empire, have never been equalled by any civil ruler either before or since his time

• Charles Martel

  French monarch, born about 688; died at Quierzy on the Oise, 21 October, 741

• Charleston

  The Diocese of Charleston (Carolopolitana) comprises the entire state of South Carolina, U.S.A

• Charles V, Emperor

  Born at Ghent, 1500; died at Yuste, in Spain, 1558; was a descendant of the house of Hapsburg, and to this descent owed his sovereignty over so many lands that it was said of him that the sun never set on his dominions

• Charlevoix, François-Xavier

  Historian, b. at St-Quentin, France, 24 October, 1682, d. at La Fleche, 1 February, 1761

• Charlottetown

  Diocese includes all Prince Edward Island (formerly called St. John's Island), the smallest province of the dominion of Canada

• Charpentier, François-Philippe

  French engraver, inventor, and mechanician, b. at Blois, 1734; d. there 22 July, 1817

• Charron, Pierre

  Article by Charles B. Schrantz notes this French thinker's impact and the regrettable superficiality of his thought

• Charterhouse

  From the fact that St. Bruno founded the first house of his austere order at Chartreux, near Grenoble, the institution has ever since been known by the name of that place

• Chartier, Alain

  French poet (1390-1440)

• Chartres

  Diocese in France. Comprises the department of Eure-et-Loir

• Chartreuse, La Grande

  The mother-house of the Carthusian Order lies in a high valley of the Alps of Dauphine

• Chartulary

  A medieval manuscript volume or roll (rotulus) containing transcriptions of original documents relating to the foundation, privileges, and legal rights of ecclesiastical establishments, municipal corporations, industrial associations, institutions of learning, and private families

• Chastellain, Georges

  Burgundian chronicler, born in the County of Alost, Flanders, in 1403; died at Valenciennes in 1475

• Chastellain, Pierre

  Missionary among the Huron Indians, born at Senlis, France, in 1606; died at Quebec, 14 August, 1684

• Chastity

  The virtue which excludes or moderates the indulgence of the sexual appetite

• Chasuble

  Called in Latin casula planeta or paenula, and in early Gallic sources amphibalus, the principal and most conspicuous Mass vestment, covering all the rest

• Chateaubriand, François-René

  French writer, b. at Saint-Malo, Brittany, 4 September, 1768; d. at Paris, 4 July, 1848

• Chatham

  The Diocese comprises the northern half of the Province of New Brunswick, Canada, i.e., the counties of Gloucester, Madawaska, Northumberland, Restigouche, Victoria, and the part of Kent north of the Richibucto River

• Chaucer, Geoffrey

  Summary of the author's life and literary contributions

• Chaumonot, Pierre-Joseph

  Jesuit missionary in North America (1611-1693)

• Chauncy, Maurice

  Prior of the English Carthusians at Bruges (d. 1581)

• Chauveau, Pierre-Joseph-Octave

  Canadian statesman (1820-1890)

• Chelm and Belz

  A diocese of the Greek-Ruthenian Rite in Russian Poland, subject directly to the Holy See, and formerly a suffragan of Kiijow

• Cheminais de Montaigu, Timoléon

  Pulpit orator (1652-1689)

• Cherokee Indians

  The largest and most important tribe of Iroquoian stock of the southern section of the United States, and formerly holding the whole southern Alleghany mountain region of North and South Carolina, Georgia and Tennessee, with considerable portions of Alabama, Virginia and Kentucky

• Chersonesus

  The name for both a titular see of Crete and a titular see of Thrace, and suffragan to Heracleia

• Cherubim

  Angelic beings or symbolic representations thereof, mentioned frequently in the Old Testament and once in the New Testament

• Cherubini, Maria Luigi Carlo Zenobio Salvatore

  Article with biographical details emphasizing religious music and his time away from its composition

• Chester

  Located in England. Though the See of Chester, schismatically created by Henry VIII in 1541, was recognized by the Holy See only for the short space of Queen Mary's reign, the city had in earlier times possessed a bishop and a cathedral, though only intermittently

• Cheverus, Jean-Louis Lefebvre de

  First Bishop of Boston, U.S.A., Bishop of Montauban; Archbishop of Bordeaux, France, and Cardinal, b. at Mayenne, France, 28 January, 1768; d. at Bordeaux 19 July, 1836

• Chevreul, Michel-Eugène

  Chemist, physicist, and philosopher, b. at Angers, France, 31 August, 1786; d. at Paris, 9 April, 1889

• Cheyenne

  Diocese established 9 August, 1887

• Chézy, Antoine-Léonard

  French Orientalist (1773-1832)

• Chiabrera, Gabriello

  Italian poet (1552-1638)

• Chiapas

  The Diocese comprises almost the entire state of that name in the Republic of Mexico. San Cristobal Las Casas, formerly called Ciudad Real, is the episcopal seat, and is the principal city of the state

• Chiavari

  Suffragan of Genoa. A city of the province of Genoa in Northern Italy, situated on a little bay of the Gulf of Genoa

• Chibchas

  In the beginning of the sixteenth century they occupied what is now the departments of Boyaca and Cundinamarca with, possible, a few outlying settlements

• Chicago, Archdiocese of

  Diocese created 28 November, 1842; raised to the rank of an archdiocese, 10 September, 1880

• Chichele, Henry

  Archbishop of Canterbury, b. at Higham Ferrers, Northamptonshire, England, 1362; d. at Oxford, 12 April, 1441

• Chichester

  Ancient Catholic Diocese. This see took its rise in consequence of the decree passed at the Council of London in 1075, requiring all bishoprics to be removed from villages to towns

• Chicoutimi

  Diocese created, 28 May, 1878, a part of the civil and ecclesiastical Province of Quebec

• Chieregati, Francesco

  Papal nuncio, b. at Vicenza, 1479; d. at Bologna, 6 December, 1539

• Chieti

  Archdiocese with the perpetual administration of Vasto

• Chihuahua

  Diocese in the north of Mexico, comprises the state of Chihuahua

• Chilapa

  Diocese suffragan of the Archdiocese of Mexico, comprises the state of Guerrero, in the south of Mexico

• Children of Mary

  The Sodality of Children of Mary Immaculate owes its origin to the manifestation of the Virgin Immaculate of the Miraculous Medal, on which the Church has placed a seal, by appointing the twenty-seventh of November as its feast

• Children of Mary of the Sacred Heart, The

  A Sodality of the Blessed Virgin, founded by Mother Barat of the Society of the Sacred Heart, in the Parish school about 1818, almost simultaneously with the convent itself

• Chile

  A comparatively narrow strip of coast-land in South America between the Pacific Ocean on the west and the Andes Mountains on the east, including the watershed

• Chimalpain, Domingo (San Anton y Muñon)

  A Mexican Indian of the second half of the sixteenth and the first half of the seventeenth centuries, who received a liberal education in the colleges for Indians of Mexico City under the direction of the clergy

• China

  Includes history, government, education, and religion

• China, History of

  Discusses the origin of the Chinese

• China, Martyrs in

  With the revival of the missions in China with Matteo Ricci, who died at Peking in 1610, the blood of martyrs was soon shed to fertilize the evangelical field; the change of the Ming dynasty to the Manchu dynasty, giving occasion for new prosecution

• China, The Church in

  The introduction of Christianity into China has been ascribed not only to the Apostle of India, St. Thomas, but also to St. Bartholomew

• Chinooks

  An aboriginal tribe of the extreme northwest of the United States

• Chioggia (Chiozza)

  A sea-coast city in the province of Venice. In antiquity it was known as Fossa Clodia; in the Middle Ages as Clugia

• Chios

  One of the Sporades in the Aegean Sea

• Chippewa Indians

  The popular name is a corruption of Ojibwa, a name of uncertain etymology, but generally supposed to refer to the 'puckered up' appearance of the seam along the front of the tribal moccasin

• Chi-Rho (Labarum)

  The name by which the military standard adopted by Constantine the Great after his celebrated vision (Lactantius, 'De mortibus persecutorum', 44), was known in antiquity

• Chiusi-Pienza

  Suffragan of Siena

• Chivalry

  Considered from three points of view: the military, the social, and the religious

• Choctaw Indians

  An important tribe or confederacy of Muskogean stock formerly holding most of Southern Alabama and Mississippi, with adjoining portions of Louisiana

• Choir

  Church architecture term. Strictly speaking, the choir is that part of the church where the stalls of the clergy are

• Choir

  A body of singers entrusted with the musical parts of the Church service, and organized and instructed for that purpose

• Choiseul du Plessis-Praslin, Gilbert

  French bishop, b. 1613; d. at Paris, 31 December, 1689

• Choiseul, Etienne-François, Duc de

  French statesman, b. 28 June, 1719; d. in Paris 8 May, 1785

• Cholonec, Pierre

  French missionary to Canadian Indians (1641-1723)

• Chorepiscopi

  A name originally given in the Eastern Church to bishops whose jurisdiction was confined to rural districts

• Choron, Alexandre-Etienne

  French musician and teacher of music (1772-1834)

• Chrism

  A mixture of oil of olives and balsam, blessed by a bishop in a special manner and used in the administration of certain sacraments and in the performance of certain ecclesiastical functions

• Chrismal, Chrismatory

  Formerly used to designate the sheath, or cloth-covering (theca) in which relics were wrapped up

• Chrismarium

  A place in a church set apart for the administration of confirmation

• Christ, Character of

  The surpassing eminence of the character of Jesus has been acknowledged by men of the most varied type

• Christ, Chronology of the Life of

  Includes absolute and relative chronologies

• Christchurch

  Its centre being Christchurch, the Capital of Canterbury, New Zealand. Diocese comprises the provinces of Canterbury and Westland, a small portion of the Province of Nelson, and the Chatham Islands

• Christ, Early Historical Documents on

  Divided into three classes: pagan sources, Jewish sources, and Christian sources

• Christendom

  In its wider sense this term is used to describe the part of the world which is inhabited by Christians

• Christendom, Union of

  Includes the Catholic Church together with the many other religious communions which have either directly or indirectly, separated from it

• Christ, Genealogy of

  Offers the genealogy according to Saint Matthew and Saint Luke

• Christ, Holy Name of

  Article examines the name Jesus and Christ separately

• Christian

  First Bishop of Prussia, d. 1245

• Christian Brothers

  A society of male religious approved by the Church, but not taking Holy orders, and having for its object the personal sanctification of its members and the Christian education of youth, especially of the children of artisans and the poor

• Christian Brothers of Ireland

  An institute founded at Waterford, Ireland, in 1802, by Edmund Ignatius Rice, a merchant of that city

• Christian Charity, Sisters of

  Also called Daughters of the Immaculate Conception, an institute for teaching poor schools and for the care of the blind, founded at Paderborn, Germany, on August, 1849, by Pauline von Mallinckrodt (b. 3 June, 1817, at Minden, Westphalia; d. 30 April, 1881), sister to the famous Hermann von Mallinckrodt

• Christian Doctrine, Confraternity of

  An association established at Rome in 1562 for the purpose of giving religions instruction

• Christian Instruction, Brothers of

  A congregation founded in 1817 at Saint-Brieuc, Cotes-du-Nord, France, by Jean-Marie-Robert de la Mennais (b. 1780; d. 1860), for the instruction of youth

• Christianity

  An account is given of Christianity as a religion, describing its origin, its relation to other religions, its essential nature and chief characteristics, but not dealing with its doctrines in detail nor its history as a visible organization

• Christian Knowledge, Society for Promoting

  A society within the Church of England

• Christian Retreat, Congregation of

  There are two branches of this congregation, the Fathers of Christian Retreat and the Sisters. It was founded on the 19th of November, 1789, at Fontenelle, Doubs, France, by Father Antoine-Silvestre Receveur, who was declared Venerable in 1883 by Pope Leo XIII

• Christina Alexandra

  Queen of Sweden. Biographical article by P. Wittman

• Christine de Pisan

  Biography, including a list of her major poetic and historical works

• Christine of Stommeln, Blessed

  A visionary at a very early age, became a Beguine, d. 1312

• Christ, Jesus

  The incarnate Son of God and the redeemer of the human race

• Christ, Knowledge of

  'Knowledge of Jesus Christ,' as used in this article, does not mean a summary of what we know about Jesus Christ, but a survey of the intellectual endowment of Christ

• Christmas

  Provides a detailed overview of the holiday from the fourth century through the modern age. Includes links to related topics

• Christology

  Christology is that part of theology which deals with Our Lord Jesus Christ

• Christopher Numar of Forli

  Minister General of the Friars Minor and cardinal (d. 1528)

• Christopher, Pope

  Reigned 903-904

• Christopher, Saint

  Article on this martyr, probably of the third century. Although Christopher has been a center of popular legend since the sixth century, all that can be known for certain is that he was a great martyr

• Christ, Order of the Knights of

  A military order which sprang out of the famous Order of the Temple

• Christ, Temptation of

  Christ endured temptation only from without, inasmuch as His human nature was free from all concupiscence

• Christ, Virgin Birth of

  The dogma which teaches that the Blessed Mother of Jesus Christ was a virgin before, during, and after the conception and birth of her Divine Son

• Chrodegang, Saint

  Bishop of Metz, d. 766

• Chromatius, Saint

  Bishop of Aquileia, anti-Arian theologian, tried to reconcile Rufinus and Jerome, d. 406 or 407

• Chronicle of Eusebius

  Consists of two parts: the first was probably called by Eusebius the 'Chronograph' or 'Chronographies'; the second he terms the 'Canon', or 'Canons', and also the 'Chronological Canons'

• Chronicles (Paralipomenon), Books of

  Two books of the Bible containing a summary of sacred history from Adam to the end of the Captivity.

• Chronicon Paschale

  The name ordinarily given to a valuable Byzantine chronicle of the world written in the seventh century, so designated because, like many other chronicles of the Middle Ages, it follows a system of Christian chronology based on the paschal canon, or cycle

• Chronology, Biblical

  Deals with the dates of the various events recorded in the Bible

• Chronology, General

  Mathematical chronology determines the units to be employed in measuring time, and historical chronology which fixes in the general course of time the position of any particular occurrence, or, as it is generally termed, its date

• Chrysanthus and Daria, Saints

  Martyrs at Rome, perhaps in 283 or 284

• Chrysogonus, Saint

  Martyr at Aquileia, probably during the Diocletian persecution

• Chrysopolis

  A titular see of Roman Arabia

• Chrysostom, Saint John

  Long biographical article on this bishop and Doctor of the Church

• Chur

  Comprises at present the Swiss Cantons of Graubuenden (Grisons), Glarus, Zuerich, Unterwalden, and Uri, as well as the little Principality of Lichtenstein

• Church and State

  The Church and the State are both perfect societies, that is to say, each essentially aiming at a common good commensurate with the need of mankind at large and ultimate in a generic kind of life, and each juridically competent to provide all the necessary and sufficient means thereto

• Churching of Women

  A blessing given by the Church to mothers after recovery from childbirth

• Church Maintenance

  The proper support of church edifices and church institutions

• Church, The

  The term church is the name employed in the Teutonic languages to render the Greek ekklesia (ecclesia), the term by which the New Testament writers denote the society founded by Jesus Christ

• Chusai

  The Arachite, i.e. the native of Archi, a place south of the portion of Ephraim, near Bethel

• Chysoloras, Manuel

  First teacher of Greek in Italy, born at Constantinople about the middle of the fourteenth century; died at Constance, German, and was buried there, 15 April, 1415

• Chytri

  A titular see of Cyprus

• Ciampini, Giovanni Giustino

  Ecclesiastical archaeologist (1633-1698)

• Ciasca, Agostino

  Italian Augustinian and cardinal (1835-1902)

• Ciborium

  A chalice-like vessel used to contain the Blessed Sacrament

• Cibot, Pierre-Martial

  Missionary, born at Limoges, France, 14 August, 1727; died at Peking, China, 8 August, 1780

• Ciboule, Robert

  French theologian and moralist (d. 1458)

• Cibyra

  A titular see of Caria, in Asia Minor. Kibyra, later Kibyrrha, had been founded by the Lycian district inhabited by the Solymi

• Ciccione, Andrea

  Fifteenth-century Italian sculptor and architect

• Cicognara, Leopoldo, Count

  Politician, writer on art (1767-1834)

• Cid, El

  Popular hero of the chivalrous age of Spain, born at Burgos c. 1040; died at Valencia, 1099. He was given the title of seid or cid (lord, chief) by the Moors and that of campeador (champion) by his admiring countrymen

• Cidyessus

  A titular see of Asia Minor

• Cienfuegos

  The Diocese of Cienfuegos (Centumfocensis), includes all the Province of Santa Clara in the central part of Cuba

• Cignani Family

  Carlo, Felice, and Paolo, Bolognese painters

• Cimabue, Cenni di Pepo

  Florentine painter (1240-1301)

• Cima da Conegliano, Giovanni Battista

  Venetian painter (1459-1517)

• Cimbebasia

  The name given for a long time to the western part of Southern Africa

• Cincinnati

  Archdiocese in the state of Ohio

• Cincture

  More commonly called in England, the girdle is an article of liturgical attire which has been recognized as such since the ninth century

• Cinites

  A tribe or family often mentioned in the Old Testament, personified as Qayin from which the nomen gentilicium Qeni is derived

• Cinna

  A titular see of Asia Minor

• Circesium

  A titular see of Osrhoene

• Circumcision

  The Hebrew word, like the Greek (peritome), and the Latin (circumcisio), signifies a cutting and, specifically, the removal of the prepuce, or foreskin, from the penis

• Circumcision, Feast of the

  As Christ wished to fulfil the law and to show His descent according to the flesh from Abraham. He, though not bound by the law, was circumcised on the eighth day (Luke 2:21), and received the sublime name expressive of His office, Jesus, i.e. Saviour

• Cisalpine Club

  An association of Catholic laymen formed in England to perpetuate the movement which had found expression in the 'Declaration and Protestation' signed by the Catholic body in 1789

• Cisamus

  Titular see of Crete

• Cistercians

  Religious of the Order of Citeaux, a Benedictine reform, established at Citeaux in 1098 by St. Robert, Abbot of Molesme in the Diocese of Langres, for the purpose of restoring as far as possible the literal observance of the Rule of St. Benedict

• Cistercians in the British Isles

  St. Stephen Harding, third Abbot of Citeaux (1109-33), was an Englishman and his influence in the early organization of the Cistercian Order had been very great. It was natural therefore that, when, after the coming of St. Bernard and his companions in 1113, foundations began to multiply, the project of sending a colony of monks to England should find favourable consideration

• Cistercian Sisters

  The first Cistercian monastery for women was established at Tart in the Diocese of Langres (now Dijon), in the year 1125, by sisters from the Benedictine monastery of Juilly, and with the co-operation of St. Stephen Harding, Abbot of Citeaux

• Citation

  A legal act through which a person, by mandate of the judge, is called before the tribunal for trial

• Cîteaux, Abbey of

  Founded in 1098 by St. Robert, Abbot of Molesme, in a deserted and uninhabited part of the Diocese of Chalons-sur Saone

• Citharizum

  A titular see of Armenia

• Città della Pieve, Diocese of

  A city of obscure origin in the province of Perugia in Umbria, Central Italy

• Città di Castello, Diocese of

  A town in the province of Perugia, in Umbria, Central Italy

• Ciudad Real

  Bishopric-Priorate of the Military Orders of Spain, directly subject to the Holy See

• Ciudad Rodrigo

  Suffragan of the Diocese of Santiago; comprises the greater part of the province of Salamanca, and a portion of the province of Caceres

• Cius

  A titular see of Asia Minor

• Civil Allegiance

  The duty of loyalty and obedience which a person owes to the State of which he is a citizen

• Civil Marriage

  The municipal law deals with this status only as a civil institution

• Cività Castellana, Orte, and Gallese

  A town in the Province of Rome, on the Treia

• Civitavecchia and Corneto, Diocese of

  An important and fortified Mediterranean seaport, in the province of Rome

• Clairvaux, Abbey of

  The third daughter of Citeaux and mother in the fourth line of numerous and celebrated monasteries, founded in 1115 by St. Bernard, in a deep valley upon the bank of the Aube, and known as the Vallee d'Absinthe

• Clandestinity (in Canon Law)

  Strictly speaking, clandestinity signifies a matrimonial impediment introduced by the Council of Trent to invalidate marriages contracted at variance with the exigencies of the decree 'Tametsi', commonly so called because the first word of the Latin text is tametsi

• Clare of Assisi, Saint

  Cofounded the 'Poor Clares' with St. Francis. She died in 1253

• Clare of Montefalco, Saint

  Abbess, claimed by both the Franciscans and the Augustinians, d. 1308

• Clare of Rimini, Blessed

  Widow, penitent, Poor Clare, superior of the convent at Rimini, contemplative, d. 1346

• Claret y Clará, Saint Antonio María

  Spanish priest and missionary, founder of the Congregation of the Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (better known as the Claretians), d. 1870

• Clark, William

  English priest, date of birth unknown, executed at Winchester, 29 Nov., 1603

• Classical Latin Literature in the Church

  This article deals only with the relations of the classical literature, chiefly Latin, to the Catholic Church

• Claude de la Colombière, Saint

  Jesuit missionary, ascetical writer, spiritual director to St. Margaret Mary Alacoque. He died in 1682

• Claudia

  A Christian woman of Rome, whose greeting to Timothy St. Paul conveys with those of Eubulus, Pudens, Linus, 'and all the brethren'

• Claudianus Mamertus

  Gallo-Roman theologian and the brother of St. Mamertus, Bishop of Vienne, d. about 473

• Claudiopolis

  Titular see in Asia Minor

• Claudiopolis

  A titular see of Bithynia, in Asia Minor

• Claver, Saint Peter

  Biography of the Spanish Jesuit priest who for 33 years ministered to African slaves in the New World, and tried to stop the slave trade. Died in 1654

• Clavigero, Francisco Saverio

  Mexican Jesuit (1731-1787)

• Clavius, Christopher

  Mathematician and astronomer (1538-1612)

• Clavius, Claudius

  Danish cartographer (b. 1388)

• Clayton, James

  Priest, confessor of the faith, b. at Sheffield, England, date of birth not know; d. a prisoner in Derby gaol, 22 July, 1588

• Clazomenae

  Titular see of Asia Minor

• Clean and Unclean

  The distinction between legal and ceremonial, as opposed to moral

• Cleef, Jan van

  Flemish painter (1646-1716)

• Cleef, Joost van

  Flemish painter (1520-1556)

• Cleef, Martin van

  Flemish painter (1520-1570)

• Clémanges, Mathieu-Nicolas Poillevillain de

  French Humanist and theologian, b. in Champagne about 1360; d. at Paris between 1434 and 1440

• Clémencet, Charles

  Benedictine historian, b. at Painblanc, in the department of Cote-d'Or, France, 1703; d. at Paris, 5 August, 1778

• Clemens, Franz Jacob

  German Catholic philosopher, b. 4 October, 1815, at Coblenz; d. 24 February, 1862, at Rome

• Clemens non Papa

  Composer (d. 1558)

• Clement, Cæsar

  Date of birth uncertain; died at Brussels 28 Aug., 1626, great-nephew of Sir Thomas More's friend, Dr. John Clement

• Clément, François

  A member of the Benedictine Congregation of Saint-Maur and historian; born at Beze in the department of Cote-d'Or, France, 1714; died at Paris, 29 March, 1793

• Clement III, Pope

  Reigned 1187-1191

• Clement II, Pope

  Reigned 1046-47

• Clementines

  The name given to the religious romance in two forms as composed by Pope St. Clement I

• Clement I, Pope Saint

  Lengthy article on Clement I, also called Clemens Romanus, the fourth pope and the first of the Apostolic Fathers

• Clement IV, Pope

  Reigned 1265-68

• Clement IX, Pope

  Reigned 1667-1669

• Clement, John

  President of the College of Physicians and tutor to St. Thomas More's children, born in Yorkshire about 1500; died 1 July, 1572

• Clement Mary Hofbauer, Blessed

  Second founder of the Redemptorists, called 'the Apostle of Vienna,' d. 1821

• Clement of Alexandria

  Fairly lengthy article on his life and writings

• Clement of Ireland, Saint

  Also known as Clemens Scotus. Famed scholar and teacher of youth, died no earlier than 818

• Clement VIII, Pope

  Reigned 1592-1605

• Clement VII, Pope

  Reigned 1523-34

• Clement VI, Pope

  Born 1291 in the castle of Maumont, departmentof Correze, France, elected pope, 7 May, 1342, at Avignon, where he died 6 December, 1352

• Clement V, Pope

  Reigned 1305-14

• Clement XIII, Pope

  Reigned 1758-69

• Clement XII, Pope

  Reigned 1730-1740

• Clement XI, Pope

  Reigned 1700-1721

• Clement XIV, Pope

  Reigned 1769-1774

• Clement X, Pope

  Reigned 1670-1676

• Clenock, Maurice

  Date of birth unknown; died about 1580. He was b. in Wales and educated at Oxford, where he was admitted Bachelor of Canon Law in 1548

• Cleophas

  According to the Catholic English versions the name of two persons mentioned in the New Testament. In Greek, however, the names are different, one being Cleopas, abbreviated form of Cleopatros, and the other Clopas

• Clerestory

  A term formerly applied to any window or traceried opening in a church, e. g. in an aisle, tower, cloister, or screen, but now restricted to the windows in an aisled nave, or to the range of wall in which the high windows are set

• Cleric

  A person who has been legitimately received into the ranks of the clergy

• Clericato, Giovanni

  Canonist, born 1633, at Padua; died 1717

• Clericis Laicos

  The initial words of a Bull issued 25 Feb., 1296, by Boniface VIII in response to an earnest appeal of the English and French prelates for protection against the intolerable exactions of the civil power

• Clerke, Agnes Mary

  Astronomer, born at Skibbereen, County Cork, Ireland, 10 February, 1842; died in London, 20 January 1907

• Clerke, Ellen Mary

  Journalist and novelist, b. at Skibbereen, County Cork, Ireland, 1840; d. in London, 2 March 1906

• Clerk, John

  Bishop of Bath and Wells; date of birth unknown; died 3 January, 1541

• Clerks Regular

  Those bodies of men in the Church who by the very nature of their institute unite the perfection of the religious state to the priestly office, i.e. who while being essentially clerics, devoted to the exercise of the ministry in preaching, the administration of the sacraments, the education of youth, and other spiritual and corporal works of mercy, are at the same time religious in the strictest sense of the word, professing solemn vows, and living a community life according to a rule solemnly a

• Clerks Regular of Our Saviour

  A religious congregation instituted in its present form in 1851, at Benoite-Vaux in the Diocese of Verdun, France

• Clerks Regular of the Mother of God of Lucca

  A congregation founded by St. Giovanni Leonardi

• Clermont

  Comprises the entire department of Puy-de-Dome and is a suffragan of Bourges

• Cletus, Pope Saint

  Says that 'Cletus' is only another form of 'Anacletus,' briefly explains how the error of thinking the two names are two different popes came about, says that Cletus died in about 88

• Cleveland

  The Diocese, established 23 April, 1847, comprises all that part of Ohio lying north of the southern limits of the Counties of Columbiana, Stark, Wayne, Ashland, Richland, Crawford, Wyandot, Hancock, Allen, and Van Wert, its territory covering thirty-six counties

• Clichtove, Josse

  Theologian (1472-1543)

• Clifford, William

  English Divine (d. 1670)

• Clifton

  Diocese of England, consisting of Gloucestershire, Somersetshire, and Wiltshire

• Climent, José

  Spanish bishop, b. at Castellon de la Plana (Valencia), 1706; d. there 25 Nov., 1781

• Clitherow, Saint Margaret

  Article on this martyr, d. 1586, who is called the 'Pearl of York.' St. Margaret was crushed to death for the crime of harboring priests

• Clogher

  A suffragan of Armagh, Ireland, which comprises the County Monaghan, almost the whole of Fermanagh, the southern portion of Tyrone, and parts of Donegal, Louth, and Cavan

• Cloister

  The English equivalent of the Latin word clausura (from claudere, 'to shut up')

• Clonard, School of

  Situated on the river Boyne. Founded by St. Finnian, an abbot and great wonder-worker

• Clonfert

  The Diocese, a suffragan see of the metropolitan province of Tuam, was founded in 557 by St. Brendan the Navigator

• Clonmacnoise, Abbey and School of

  Situated on the Shannon, about half way between Athlone and Banagher, King's County, Ireland

• Clotilda, Saint

  Queen of the Franks, wife of King Clovis I and grandmother of St. Cloud. Devoted to St. Martin of Tours and instrumental in the conversion of the Franks, she died in 545

• Clouet

  The family name of several generations of painters

• Clovesho, Councils of

  Notable as the place at which were held several councils of the Anglo-Saxon Church

• Clovio, Giorgio

  Italian miniaturist, called by Vasari 'the unique' and 'little Michelangelo', b. at Grizani, on the coast of Croatia, in 1498; d. at Rome, 1578

• Clovis

  King of the Salic Franks (466-511)

• Cloyne, Diocese of

  Comprises the northern half of County Cork

• Cluny, Congregation of

  The earliest reform, which became practically a distinct order, within the Benedictine family

• Clynn, John

  Irish Franciscan and annalist, b. about 1300; d., probably, in 1349

• Cobo, Bernabé

  Spanish Jesuit missionary (1582-1657)

• Coccaleo, Viatora

  A Capuchin friar, so called from his birthplace, Coccaglio in Lombardy, date of birth unknown; d. 1793

• Cochabamba

  The city from which this diocese takes its name is the capital of the department of Cochabamba, Bolivia

• Cochem, Martin of

  German theologian, preacher and ascetic writer, born at Cochem, a small town on the Moselle, in 1630; died in the convent at Waghaeusel, 10 September, 1712

• Cochin, Diocese of

  Erected and constituted a suffragan of the Diocese of Goa, of which it had previously formed a part, by the Bull 'Pro excellenti praeeminentia' of Paul IV, 4 February, 1558

• Cochin, Jacques-Denis

  Preacher and philanthropist (1726-1783)

• Cochin, Pierre-Suzanne-Augustin

  Author of religious, pedagogical, and sociological works (1823-1872)

• Cochlæus, Johann

  Humanist and Catholic controversialist, b. 1479; d. 11 Jan., 1552, in Breslau

• Co-Consecrators

  The bishops who assist the presiding bishop in the act of consecrating a new bishop

• Cocussus

  A titular see of Armenia

• Codex

  The name given to a manuscript in leaf form, distinguishing it from a roll

• Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus

  The last in the group of the four great uncial manuscripts of the Greek Bible, received its name from the treatises of St. Ephraem the Syrian (translated into Greek) which were written over the original text

• Codex Sinaiticus

  A Greek manuscript of the Old and New Testaments, of the greatest antiquity and value; found on Mount Sinai, in St. Catherine's Monastery, by Constantine Tischendorf

• Codex Vaticanus

  A quarto volume written in uncial letters of the fourth century

• Codrington, Thomas

  Catholic divine, chiefly known for his attempt to introduce into England the 'Institute of Secular Priests Living in Community', founded in Bavaria by Bartholomaus Holzhauser

• Co-education

  The term is now generally reserved to the practice of educating the sexes together; but even in this sense it has a variety of meanings

• Coeffeteau, Nicolas

  Preacher and controversialist, born 1574, at Chateau-du-Loir, province of Maine, France; died Paris, 21 April, 1623

• Coelchu

  Abbot of the School of Clonmacnoise in Ireland, who flourished during the latter half of the eighth century

• Coelde, Theodore

  Friar Minor and missionary, born at Muenster, in 1435; died at Louvain, 11 December, 1515

• Coemgen, Saint

  Abbot of Glendalough, d. 618

• Coenred

  King of Mercia (reigned 704-709); date of birth and death unknown

• Coeur d'Alêne Indians

  A small tribe of Salishan stock formerly ranging along the lake and river of the same name in northern Idaho

• Coffin, Edward

  English Jesuit and missionary (1570-1626)

• Coffin, Robert Aston

  Ecclesiastical writer and bishop (1819-1885)

• Cogitosus

  Sixth-century Irish monk and author

• Cogolludo, Diego López de

  Seventeenth-century Mexican historian

• Cohen, Hermann

  A Discalced Carmelite (Augustin-Marie of the Blessed Sacrament, generally known as Father Hermann), born at Hamburg, Germany, 10 November, 1820; died at Spandau, 20 January, 1871

• Coimbatore, Diocese of

  Includes the Collectorate of Coimbatore (except the Taluk of the Collegal), the Nilgiris with the south-eastern Wynaad, the Taluks of Palgat, Collancodoo, Tamalpuram, and part of Wallavanad, the Chittur Taluks, and the Nelliampathy Hills in the Cochin territory

• Coimbra, Diocese of

  Located in Portugal

• Coimbra, University of

  University in Portugal

• Colbert, Jean-Baptiste

  Marquis de Seignelay, statesman, b. at Rheims, France, 1619; d. at Paris, 1683

• Cole, Henry

  English confessor (1500-1579)

• Coleman, Edward

  Controversialist, politician, and secretary of the Duchess of York (d. 1678)

• Coleridge, Henry James

  Writer and preacher (1822-1893)

• Coleti, Nicola

  Priest and historian, b. at Venice, 1680; d. in the same city, 1765

• Colet, John

  Dean of St. Paul's Cathedral and founder of St. Paul's School, London; b. in London, 1467; d. there 18 Sept., 1519

• Colette, Saint

  Founder of the Colettine Poor Clares (Clarisses), d. 1447

• Colgan, John

  Hagiographer and historian, b. in County Donegal, Ireland, about the beginning of the seventeenth century; d. probably in 1657

• Colima

  The city of Colima, the capital of the state of the same name in Mexico, is situated on the Colima River, at an altitude of 1400 feet, and was founded in the year 1522 by Gonzalo de Sandoval

• Colin, Frédéric-Louis

  Superior of the Sulpicians in Canada, b. at Bourges, France, in 1835; d. at Montreal, 27 November, 1902

• Colin, Jean-Claude-Marie

  French priest, founder of the Marists (1790-1875)

• Coliseum, The

  Known as the Flavian Amphitheatre, commenced A.D. 72 by Vespasian, the first of the Flavian emperors, dedicated by Titus A.D. 80

• Collado, Diego

  Sixteenth-century Spanish missionary

• Collect

  The name now used only for short prayers before the Epistle in the Mass, which occur again at Lauds, Terce, Sext, None, and Vespers

• Collectarium

  The book which contains the Collects

• Collections

  Article discussing the development which took the form of a contribution in money, corresponding particularly to what is conveyed by the French word quête

• Collectivism

  The term is sometimes employed as a substitute for socialism

• Colle de Val d'Elsa

  Diocese in Italy

• College

  The word college, from the Latin collegium, originally signified a community, a corporation, an organized society, a body of colleagues, or a society of persons engaged in some common pursuit

• Collège de France, The

  Founded in the interest of higher education by Francis I

• College (in Canon Law)

  A collection of persons united together for a common object so as to form one body

• Colleges, Roman

  This article treats of the various colleges in Rome which have been founded under ecclesiastical auspices and are under ecclesiastical direction, with the exception of those that are treated separately under their respective titles throughout the Catholic Encyclopedia

• Collegiate

  An adjective applied to those churches and institutions whose members form a college

• Colman Mac Lenine, Saint

  Founder and patron saint of the Diocese of Cloyne, poet, d. 601

• Colman, Saint

  Irishman martyred while on pilgrimage to Jerusalem, near Vienna in 1012

• Colman, Saint Elo

  Nephew of St. Columba. This St. Colman was the first abbot of Muckamore. He died at Lynally (Lann Elo) in 611

• Colman, Saint MacCathbad

  Bishop of Kilroot and a contemporary of St. Ailbe

• Colman, Saint, of Dalaradia

  First bishop and patron saint of Dromore. Born in Dalaradia c. 450, date of death uncertain

• Colman, Saint, of Kilmacduagh

  Hermit, monastic founder, bishop of Kilmacduagh, d. 632

• Colman, Saint, of Mayo

  Monk of Iona, bishop of Lindisfarne, later founded the Abbey and Diocese of Mayo, d. 676

• Colman, Saint, of Templeshambo

  Abbot, d. about 595. This St. Colman was a contemporary of St. Aidan, and is sometimes confused with a later saint of the same name, Colman of Kilmacduagh

• Colman, Walter

  Friar Minor and English martyr: date of birth uncertain; died in London, 1645

• Colmar, Joseph Ludwig

  Bishop of Mainz; born at Strasburg, 22 June, 1760; died at Mainz, 15 Dec., 1818

• Cologne

  German city and archbishopric

• Cologne, University of

  Near the end of the fourteenth century Urban VI, at the instance of the Town Council, issued (21 May, 1388) the Bull of foundation

• Colomba of Rieti, Blessed

  Third Order Dominican, intensely devoted to the Eucharist, d. 1501

• Colombia

  Forms the northwest corner of the South American Continent

• Colombo

  The Archdiocese of Colombo, situated on the western seaboard of the Island of Ceylon, includes two of the nine provinces into which the island is divided, viz. the Western and the Northwestern

• Colombo, Mateo Realdo

  Italian anatomist and discoverer of the pulmonary circulation, b. at Cremona in 1516; d. at Rome, 1559

• Colonia

  A titular see of Armenia

• Colonia

  A titular see in Armenia Prima

• Colonna

  A celebrated family which played an important role in Italy during medieval and Renaissance times

• Colonna, Blessed Margaret

  A Roman orphan, hermit, founder of a community of Poor Clares, d. 1284

• Colonnade

  A number of columns symmetrically arranged in one or more rows

• Colonna, Egidio

  A Scholastic philosopher and theologian, b. about the middle of the thirteenth century, probably 1247, in Rome

• Colonna, Giovanni Paolo

  Noted church composer of the seventeenth century

• Colonna, Vittoria

  Italian poet, born at Marino, 1490; died at Rome, February 25, 1547

• Colophon

  A titular see of Asia Minor

• Colorado

  The thirty-fifth, in point of admission, of the United States of America

• Colossæ

  A titular see of Phrygia in Asia Minor, suppressed in 1894

• Colossians, Epistle to the

  One of the four Captivity Epistles written by St. Paul during his first imprisonment in Rome

• Colours, Liturgical

  The Church directs that the vestments worn by ministers, and the drapery used in the decoration of the altar should correspond in colour to that which is prescribed for the Office of the day

• Columbanus, Saint

  Irish-born abbot of Luxeuil and Bobbio, author of a monastic rule and of a penitential, d. 615. Biography

• Columba of Sens, Saint

  Woman martyred towards the end of the third century

• Columba of Terryglass, Saint

  A disciple of St. Finnian of Clonard, and himself taught St. Fintan. This St. Columba founded the monastery of Tirdaglas, and died of the plague in 552

• Columba, Saint

  A nun beheaded by the Muslims in 853

• Columba, Saint

  Also known as Columcille. Long article on the Irish-born monk, founder and abbot of Iona. He died in 597

• Columbia University (Oregon)

  Formerly known as Portland University, located on the east bank of the Willamette River in northern Portland, and is conducted by the Congregation of Holy Cross, whose mother-house is at Notre Dame, Indiana

• Columbus, Christopher

  Lengthy biographical article on the explorer

• Columbus, Diocese of

  This portion of the State belonged originally to the Diocese of Cincinnati, and was recommended to Rome for erection as a see by the Fathers of the Second Plenary Council, of Baltimore, held in 1866

• Columbus, Knights of

  Brief explanation and history of the organization

• Column

  Architectural term for a supporting pillar

• Comacchio

  Diocese; suffragan of Ravenna

• Comana

  A titular see of Asia Minor

• Comayagua

  The Diocese of Comayagua, suffragan to Guatemala, includes the entire Republic of Honduras in Central America

• Combefis, François

  Patrologist, b. November, 1605, at Marmande in Guyenne; d. at Paris, 23 March, 1679

• Comboni, Daniel

  Short biographical profile of this nineteenth-century Italian missionary to Africa

• Comellas y Cluet, Antonio

  Philosopher (1832-1884)

• Comgall, Saint

  Founder and abbot of the monastery of Bangor, d. 597 or 602

• Commandments of God (The Ten Commandments)

  The fundamental obligations of religion and morality and embodying the revealed expression of the Creator's will in relation to man's whole duty to God and to his fellow-creatures

• Commandments of the Church

  Article includes: I. the nature of the Commandments of the Church in general; II. the history of the Commandments of the Church; and III. their classification

• Commemoration (in Liturgy)

  The recital of a part of the Office or Mass assigned to a certain feast or day when the whole cannot be said

• Commendone, Giovanni Francesco

  Cardinal and Papal Nuncio, born at Venice, 17 March, 1523; died at Padua, 26 Dec., 1584

• Commentaries on the Bible

  Includes: I. Jewish Commentaries; II. Patristic; III. Medieval; IV. Modern Catholic; and V. Non-Catholic

• Commines, Philippe de

  French historian and statesman, b. in Flanders probably before 1447; d. at the Chateau d'Argenton, France, about 1511

• Commissariat of the Holy Land

  In the Order of Friars Minor the territory or district assigned to a commissary, whose duty it is to collect alms for the maintenance of the Holy Places in Palestine committed to the care of the Friars Minor; also, in a more restricted sense, the convent where the aforesaid commissary resides

• Commissary Apostolic

  One who has received power from a Legitimate superior authority to pass judgment in a certain cause or to take informations concerning it

• Commissions, Ecclesiastical

  Bodies of ecclesiastics juridically established and to whom are committed certain specified functions or charges

• Commodianus

  A Christian poet, the date of whose birth is uncertain, but generally placed at about the middle of the third century

• Commodus

  Roman Emperor, born 161; died at Rome, 31 December, 192

• Common Life, Brethren of the

  A community founded by Geert De Groote, born at Deventer in Gelderland in 1340; died 1384

• Common Sense, Philosophy of

  The term common sense designates (1) a special faculty, the sensus communis of the Aristotelean and Scholastic philosophy; (2) the sum of original principles found in all normal minds; (3) the ability to judge and reason in accordance with those principles (recta ratio, good sense)

• Commune, Martyrs of the Paris

  Article on the priests who were killed in Paris in May 1871

• Communicatio Idiomatum

  A technical expression in the theology of the Incarnation. It means that the properties of the Divine Word can be ascribed to the man Christ, and that the properties of the man Christ can be predicated of the Word

• Communion, Frequent

  Discusses the history and practice

• Communion, Holy

  By Communion is meant the actual reception of the Sacrament of the Eucharist

• Communion of Children

  Article includes (1) the ancient practice, and (2) the present discipline of the Church in regard to the Communion of children

• Communion of Saints

  The doctrine expressed in the second clause of the ninth article in the received text of the Apostles' Creed: 'I believe... the Holy Catholic Church, the Communion of Saints'

• Communion of the Sick

  Differs from ordinary Communion as to the class of persons to whom it is administered, as to the dispositions with which it may be received, and as to the place and ceremonies of administration

• Communion under Both Kinds

  Communion under one kind is the reception of the Sacrament of the Eucharist under the species or appearance of bread alone, or of wine alone, Communion under two or both kinds, the distinct reception under the two or both species, sub utraque specie, at the same time

• Communism

  In its more general signification communism refers to any social system in which all property, or at least all productive property, is owned by the group, or community, instead of by individuals

• Como

  An important town in the province of Lombardy (Northern Italy), situated on Lake Como, the ancient Lacus Larius

• Compagnie du Saint-Sacrement

  Seventeenth-century secret society

• Compensation

  Denotes the price paid for human exertion or labour

• Compensation, Occult

  An extra-legal manner of recovering from loss or damage; the taking, by stealth and on one's private authority, of the value or equivalent of one's goods from a person who refuses to meet the demands of justice

• Competency, Privilege of

  The competency of a cleric means his right to proper sustenance

• Compiégne, Teresian Martyrs of

  Guillotined at the Place du Trone Renverse (now called Place de la Nation), Paris, 17 July, 1794

• Compline

  Scholarly essay on what is essentially a bedtime prayer, often recited privately

• Compostela

  A famous city of Spain, situated on an eminence between the Sar (the Sars of Pomponius Mela) and Sarela

• Compromise (in Canon Law)

  In a general sense, a mutual promise or contract of two parties in controversy to refer their differences to the decision of arbitrators

• Conal, Saint

  Or Conall. Bishop of Drum, County Roscommon--now called Drumconnell, after the saint. Blood brother of St. Attracta. St. Conal died in about 500

• Conan, Saint

  Also known as Mochonna. Irish missionary and Bishop of the Isle of Man, d. 684

• Concelebration

  The rite by which several priests say Mass together, all consecrating the same bread and wine

• Concepción

  Located in the Republic of Chile, suffragan to Santiago de Chile

• Conceptionists

  A branch of the Order of Saint Clare, founded by Beatriz de Silva

• Conceptualism, Nominalism, Realism

  The theories that have been proposed as solutions of the problem of universals

• Conciliation, Industrial

  The discussion and adjustment of mutual differences by employers and employees or their representatives

• Concina, Daniello

  Dominican preacher (1687-1756)

• Conclave

  The closed room or hall specially set aside and prepared for the cardinals when electing a pope; also the assembly of the cardinals for the canonical execution of this purpose

• Concordances of the Bible

  Lists of Biblical words arranged alphabetically with indications to enable the inquirer to find the passages of the Bible where the words occur

• Concordat

  In general, a concordat means an agreement, or union of wills, on some matter

• Concordat of 1801, The French

  This name is given to the convention of the 26th Messidor, year IX (July 16, 1802), whereby Pope Pius VII and Bonaparte, First Consul, re-established the Catholic Church in France

• Concordia, Diocese of

  Located in Italy, suffragan of Venice

• Concordia, Diocese of

  Erected 2 August, 1887, and is situated in the northwestern part of Kansas, U.S.A

• Concubinage

  The meaning of the term in Roman law, and consequently in early ecclesiastical records and writings, was much the same; a concubine was a quasi-wife, recognized by law if there was no legal wife

• Concupiscence

  In its widest acceptation, concupiscence is any yearning of the soul for good; in its strict and specific acceptation, a desire of the lower appetite contrary to reason

• Concursus

  A special competitive examination prescribed in canon law for all aspirants to certain ecclesiastical offices to which is attached the cure of souls

• Condamine, Charles-Marie de la

  Explorer and physicist, b. at Paris, 28 January, 1701; d. there 4 February, 1774

• Condillac, Ettiene Bonnot de

  Article by G.M. Sauvage. Divides Condillac's career into an early Lockean phase and a later, more original phase

• Condition

  That which is necessary or at least conducive to the actual operation of a cause

• Conecte, Thomas

  Carmelite reformer, b. at Rennes towards the end of the fourteenth century; d. at Rome, 1433

• Conferences, Ecclesiastical

  Meetings of clerics for the purpose of discussing, in general, matters pertaining to their state of life, and, in particular, questions of moral theology and liturgy

• Confession

  Architectural term, originally used to designate the burial-place of a confessor or martyr, gradually came to have a variety of applications: the altar erected over the grave; the underground cubiculum which contained the tomb; the high altar of the basilica erected over the confession; later on in the Middle Ages the basilica itself; and finally the new resting-place to which the remains of a martyr had been transferred

• Confession, Lay

  This article does not deal with confession by laymen but with that made to laymen, for the purpose of obtaining the remission of sins by God

• Confession, Sacrament of

  A sacrament of the New Law instituted by Christ in which forgiveness of sins committed after baptism is granted through the priest's absolution to those who with true sorrow confess their sins and promise to satisfy for the same.

• Confession, Seal of

  'Let the priest who dares to make known the sins of his penitent be deposed....'

• Confessor

  A title of honour to designate of the Faith who had confessed Christ publicly in time of persecution and had been punished with imprisonment, torture, exile, or labour in the mines, remaining faithful in their confession until the end of their lives

• Confirmation

  Describes its origin from Biblical texts and how it has been handed down through the ages. The rite is briefly described, and the minister, matter, form, recipient, effects, necessity and sponsors are detailed

• Confiteor

  A general confession of sins; it is used in the Roman Rite at the beginning of Mass and on various other occasions as a preparation for the reception of some grace

• Confraternity (Sodality)

  A voluntary association of the faithful, established and guided by competent ecclesiastical authority for the promotion of special works of Christian charity or piety

• Confucianism

  An article by Charles F. Aiken. Reviews the key teachings and history of Confucianism, and its relation to Christianity

• Congo

  An account written before the annexation of the state by the Belgian government

• Congregatio de Auxiliis

  A commission established by Pope Clement VIII to settle the theological controversy regarding grace which arose between the Dominicans and the Jesuits towards the close of the sixteenth century

• Congregationalism

  The successful establishment of the New England colonies was an event of the utmost importance in the development of Congregationalism, a term preferred by the American Puritans to Independency and gradually adopted by their coreligionists in Great Britain

• Congregational Singing

  In his Instruction on sacred music, commonly referred to as the Motu Proprio (22 Nov., 1903), Pius X says (no. 3): 'Special efforts are to be made to restore the use of Gregorian chant by the people, so that the faithful may again take a more active part in ecclesiastical offices, as was the case in ancient times'

• Congregations, Roman

  The most important of certain departments organized by the Holy See at various times to assist it in the transaction of those affairs which canonical discipline and the individual interests of the faithful bring to Rome

• Congresses, Catholic

  Includes information on the history and types of congresses held

• Congrua

  A canonical term to designate the lowest sum proper for the yearly income of a cleric

• Congruism

  The term by which theologians denote a theory according to which the efficacy of efficacious grace is due, at least in part, to the fact that the grace is given in circumstances favourable to its operation, i. e. 'congruous' in that sense

• Conimbricenses

  The name by which Jesuits of the University of Coimbra in Portugal were known

• Coninck, Giles de

  Jesuit theologian (1571-1633)

• Connecticut

  U.S. state and one of the thirteen original colonies

• Connolly, John

  Second Bishop of New York, U.S.A., b. at Slane, Co. Meath, Ireland, 1750; d. New York, 6 February, 1825

• Conon, Pope

  Reigned 686-687

• Conradin of Bornada

  Dominican preacher, b. in the latter part of the fourteenth century; d. at Bologna, 1 November, 1429

• Conrad of Ascoli, Blessed

  Italian-born Franciscan missionary to Africa, d. 1289

• Conrad of Hochstadt

  Archbishop of Cologne and Imperial Elector (1238-1261), date of birth unknown; d. 28 September, 1261

• Conrad of Leonberg

  A Cistercian monk and Humanist, b. at Leonberg in Swabia in 1460; d. at Engenthal near Basle after 1520

• Conrad of Marburg

  Confessor of Saint Elizabeth of Thuringia and papal inquisitor, b. at or near Marburg, Germany, in the second half of the twelfth century; d. 30 July, 1233

• Conrad of Offida, Blessed

  Italian Franciscan, trusted by Brother Leo, on good terms with the Spiritual Franciscans, founded the Celestines but returned to the main branch of the Franciscans when a later pope suppressed the Celestines. Bl. Conrad died 12 December, 1306

• Conrad of Piacenza, Saint

  Married man, penitent, Third Order Franciscan hermit, d. 1351

• Conrad of Saxony

  Friar Minor and ascetical writer, date and place of birth uncertain; d. at Bologna in 1279

• Conrad of Urach

  Cardinal-Bishop of Porto and Santa Rufina; born about 1180; d. 1227

• Conrad of Utrecht

  Bishop; born in Swabia at an unknown date; killed at Utrecht, 14 April, 1099

• Conry, Florence

  Archbishop of Tuam, patriot, theologian and founder of the Irish (Franciscan) College of St. Anthony at Louvain, born in Galway, 1560; died at Madrid, 18 Nov., 1629

• Consalvi, Ercole

  Cardinal and statesman (1757-1824)

• Consanguinity (in Canon Law)

  The term here means, within certain limitations defined by the law of nature, the positive law of God, or the supreme authority of State or Church, the blood-relationship (cognatio naturalis), or the natural bond between persons descended from the same stock

• Conscience

  The individual, as in him customary rules acquire ethical character by the recognition of distinct principles and ideals, all tending to a final unity or goal, which for the mere evolutionist is left very indeterminate, but for the Christian has adequate definition in a perfect possession of God by knowledge and love, without the contingency of further lapses from duty

• Conscience, Examination of

  By this term is understood a review of one's past thoughts, words and actions for the purpose of ascertaining their conformity with, or difformity from, the moral law

• Conscience, Hendrik

  Flemish novelist, b. at Antwerp, 3 December, 1812; d. at Brussels, 10 September, 1883

• Consciousness

  In its widest sense it includes all sensations, thoughts, feelings, and volitions, in fact the sum total of mental life

• Consecration

  An act by which a thing is separated from a common and profane to a sacred use, or by which a person or thing is dedicated to the service and worship of God by prayers, rites, and ceremonies

• Consent (in Canon Law)

  The deliberate agreement required of those concerned in legal transactions in order to legalize such actions

• Consentius

  The name of a fifth-century Gallo-Roman family, three of whose representatives are known in history

• Conservator

  A judge delegated by the pope to defend certain privileged classes of persons, as universities, religious orders, chapters, the poor from manifest or notorious injury or violence, without recourse to a judicial process

• Consistory, Papal

  The origin of the papal consistory is closely connected with the history of the Roman presbytery or body of the Roman clergy

• Constable, Cuthbert

  Date of birth uncertain; d. 27 March, 1746

• Constable, John

  English Jesuit controversialist (1676-1743)

• Constance

  Formerly the seat of a diocese

• Constance, Council of

  A (partly) ecumenical council held at Constance, now in the Grand Duchy of Baden, from 5 Nov., 1414, to 22 April, 1418

• Constantia

  Titular see of Arabia

• Constantine Africanus

  A medieval medical writer and teacher; born c. 1015; died c. 1087

• Constantine (Cirta)

  Comprises the present arrondissement of Constantine in Algeria

• Constantine, Donation of

  By this name is understood, since the end of the Middle Ages, a forged document of Emperor Constantine the Great, by which large privileges and rich possessions were conferred on the pope and the Roman Church

• Constantine, Pope

  Reigned 708-715

• Constantine the Great

  Information on the Roman emperor

• Constantinople

  Capital, formerly of the Byzantine, now of the Ottoman, Empire (As of 1908, when the article was written.)

• Constantinople, Council of

  A particular council held in A.D. 382

• Constantinople, Council of

  Particular council held in A.D. 754

• Constantinople, Council of, in Trullo

  Particular council held in A.D. 692

• Constantinople, Councils of

  Three Photian synods held in 861, 867, and 879

• Constantinople, Councils of

  Particular councils held in 1639 and 1672

• Constantinople, First Ecumenical Council of

  Called in May, 381, by Emperor Theodosius, to provide for a Catholic succession in the patriarchal See of Constantinople, to confirm the Nicene Faith, to reconcile the semi-Arians with the Church, and to put an end to the Macedonian heresy

• Constantinople, Fourth Ecumenical Council of

  The Eighth General Council was opened, 5 October, 869, in the Cathedral of Saint Sophia, under the presidency of the legates of Adrian II

• Constantinople, Second Ecumenical Council of

  This council was held at Constantinople (5 May-2 June, 553), having been called by Emperor Justinian. It was attended mostly by Oriental bishops; only six Western (African) bishops were present

• Constantinople, Third Ecumenical Council of

  The Sixth General Council was summoned in 678 by Emperor Constantine Pogonatus, with a view of restoring between East and West the religious harmony that had been troubled by the Monothelistic controversies

• Constantius, Flavius Julius

  Roman emperor (317-361)

• Constitutions, Ecclesiastical

  In legal language the term constitutiones denotes only church ordinances, civil ordinances being termed leges, laws

• Constitutions, Papal

  Ordinations issued by the Roman pontiffs and binding those for whom they are issued, whether they be for all the faithful or for special classes or individuals

• Consubstantiation

  This heretical doctrine is an attempt to hold the Real Presence of Christ in the Holy Eucharist without admitting Transubstantiation

• Consultors, Diocesan

  A certain number of priests in each diocese of the United States who act as official advisers of the bishop in certain matters pertaining to the administration of the diocese

• Contant de la Molette, Philippe du

  Theologian and Biblical scholar, born at Cote-Saint-Andre, in Dauphine, France, 29 August, 1737; died on the scaffold during The Terror, 1793

• Contarini, Gasparo

  Venetian statesman and cardinal, born 16 October, 1483, of an ancient and noble family in Venice; died at Bologna, 24 August, 1542

• Contarini, Giovanni

  Italian painter of the Venetian School, born at Venice about 1549; died in 1605

• Contemplation

  The idea of contemplation is connected with that of mystical theology

• Contemplative Life

  A life ordered in view of contemplation; a way of living especially adapted to lead to and facilitate contemplation, while it excludes all other preoccupations and intents

• Contenson, Vincent

  Dominican theologian and preacher (1641-1674)

• Continence

  Defined as abstinence from even the licit gratifications of marriage

• Contingent

  Aside from its secondary and more obvious meaning (as, for instance, its qualification of the predicable accident, of a class of modal propositions, and so on), the primary and technically philosophical use of the term is for one of the supreme divisions of being, that is, contingent being, as distinguished from necessary being

• Contract

  The canonical and moralist doctrine on this subject is a development of that contained in the Roman civil law. In civil law, a contract is defined as the union of several persons in a coincident expression of will by which their legal relations are determined

• Contract, The Social

  Includes contents and critique

• Contractus, Hermann

  Chronicler, mathematician, and poet (1013-1054)

• Contrition

  Lat. contritio, a breaking of something hardened

• Contumacy (in Canon Law)

  Contumacy, or contempt of court, is an obstinate disobedience of the lawful orders of a court

• Contzen, Adam

  Jesuit economist and exegete (1573-1635)

• Convent

  (1) A religious community of either sex when spoken of in its corporate capacity (2) The buildings in which resides a community of either sex

• Convent Schools (Great Britain)

  Convent education is treated here not historically but as it is at the present day (Article written in 1908.)

• Conventuals, Order of Friars Minor

  One of the three separate bodies, forming with the Friars Minor and the Capuchins what is commonly called the First Order of St. Francis

• Conversano

  Suffragan to Bari. Conversano, situated in the province of Bari, in Apulia (Southern Italy), is the ancient Cupersanum, a city of the Peucetians

• Conversi

  Lay brothers in a religious order. The term was originally applied to those who, in adult life, voluntarily renounced the world and entered a religious order to do penance and to lead a life of greater perfection

• Conversion

  Refers to a moral change, a turning or returning to God and to the true religion

• Convocation of the English Clergy

  The technical name given in the Church of England to what corresponds in some respects to a provincial synod, though in other respects it differs widely from it

• Conwell, Henry

  Second Bishop of Philadelphia, U.S.A., b. at Moneymore, County Derry, Ireland, in 1745; d. at Philadelphia, 22 April, 1842

• Conza

  Archdiocese with the perpetual administration of Campagna (Campaniensis)

• Cooktown

  The Vicariate Apostolic of Cooktown comprises North Queensland, Australia, from 16°30' south latitude to Cape York, and from the Pacific Coast to the boundary of Northern Territory

• Coombes, William Henry

  Described as a spiritual and self-denying priest, an eminent scholar and theologian (1767-1850)

• Copacavana

  A village on the shore of Lake Titicaca, province of Omasuyos, in northern Bolivia

• Cope

  A vestment which may most conveniently be described as a long liturgical mantle, open in front and fastened at the breast with a band or clasp

• Copenhagen, University of

  Founded by a Bull which Sixtus IV issued 19 June, 1475, at the request of King Christian I

• Copernicus, Nicolaus

  Latinized form of Niclas Kopernik, the name of the founder of the heliocentric planetary theory; born at Torun (Thorn), 19 February, 1473, died at Frauenburg, 24 May, 1543

• Coppée, François Edouard Joachim

  Poet, dramatist and novelist, b. at Paris, 26 January, 1842; d. 23 May, 1908

• Coptic Literature

  Details of the Morgan and the British Museum's collections

• Coptic Persecutions

  During the first two centuries the Church of Alexandria seems to have been freer from official persecution at the hands of the Roman Government than its sister churches of Rome and Antioch...

• Coptos

  A titular see of Upper Egypt

• Coquart, Claude-Godefroi

  Jesuit missionary and army chaplain (1706-1765)

• Coracesium

  A titular see of Asia Minor

• Corbie, Ambrose

  English Jesuit (1604-1649)

• Corbie, Monastery of

  A Benedictine abbey in Picardy, in the Diocese of Amiens, dedicated to Sts. Peter and Paul

• Corbie, Venerable Ralph

  Sometimes called Ralph Corrington. An Irish-born Jesuit, martyred together with secular priest John Duckett in 1644

• Corbinian

  Bishop of Freising, in Bavaria, born about 680 at Chatres near Melun, France; died 8 September, 730

• Corcoran, James Andrew

  Theologian, editor, and Orientalist, b. at Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.A., 30 March, 1820; d. at Philadelphia, 16 July, 1889

• Corcoran, Michael

  Soldier, b. at Carrowkeel, County Sligo, Ireland, 21 September, 1827; d. at Fairfax Court House, Virginia, U.S.A., 22 December, 1863

• Cordara, Guilo Cesare

  Italian Jesuit historian (1704-1785)

• Cord, Confraternities of the

  Pious associations of the faithful, the members of which wear a cord or cincture in honour of a saint, to keep in mind some special grace or favour which they hope to obtain through his intercession

• Cordell, Charles

  English missionary priest, b. 5 October, 1720; d. at Newcastle-on-Tyne, 26 January, 1791

• Cordier, Balthasar

  Exegete and editor of patristic works, b. at Antwerp, 7 June, 1592; d. at Rome, 24 June, 1650

• Cordova

  Diocese in Spain, formerly suffragan of Toledo, since 1851 of Seville

• Cordova

  Diocese in the Argentine Republic, suffragan of Buenos Aires

• Cordova, Juan de

  Dominican sent to Oaxaca in 1548 to minister to the Indians

• Cordova, Pedro de

  Spanish Dominican (1460-1525)

• Corea

  Vicariate apostolic, coextensive with the Empire of Corea; it was created a distinct vicariate Apostolic, 9 September, 1831

• Core, Dathan, and Abiron

  Leaders of a revolt against Moses and Aaron (Numbers 16)

• Corfu

  One of the Ionian Islands, at the entrance of the Adriatic, opposite the Albanian coast, from which it is separated by a narrow channel

• Coria

  Diocese in Spain, suffragan of Toledo; it includes nearly the entire province of Ceceres, with the exception of a few parishes that belong to the Diocese of Salamanca

• Corinth

  A titular archiepiscopal see of Greece

• Corinthians, Epistles to the

  The historical and internal evidence that they were written by St. Paul is overwhelmingly strong

• Coriolis, Gaspard-Gustave de

  French mathematician (1792-1843)

• Cork, Diocese of

  In Ireland, suffragan of Cashel

• Corker, Maurus

  An English Benedictine, born in 1636 in Yorkshire; died 22 December, 1715, at Paddington near London

• Cork, School of

  The founder of the School and Diocese of Cork was Barra or Bairre (Barry), more commonly called Finbarr the Fair-haired

• Cormac MacCuilenan

  Irish bishop and King of Cashel (836-908)

• Cornaro, Elena Lucrezia Piscopia

  A learned Italian woman of noble descent, born at Venice, 5 June, 1646; died at Padua, 26 July, 1684

• Corneille, Jean-Baptiste

  French artist (1646-1695)

• Corneille, Michel, the Elder

  French painter, etcher, and engraver, b. in Orleans about 1601; d. at Paris, 1664

• Corneille, Michel, the Younger

  French painter, etcher and engraver, b. in Paris in 1642; d. at the Gobelins manufactory at Paris, 16 August, 1708

• Corneille, Pierre

  French dramatist (1606-1684)

• Cornelisz, Jacob

  Also called Jacob van Amsterdam or van Oostzann, and at times confounded with a Walter van Assen, a Dutch painter of the first third of the sixteenth century

• Cornelius

  A centurion of the Italic cohort, whose conversion at Caesarea with his household is related in Acts 10

• Cornelius and Companions, Ven. John

  Cornelius, born of Irish parents in Cornwall, studied for the priesthood at Reims. For 10 years he worked as a missionary in England till he was martyred in 1594 for being a Catholic priest, and three companions were also martyred for aiding him

• Cornelius Cornelii a Lapide

  Flemish Jesuit and exegete, b. at Bocholt, in Flemish Limburg, 18 December, 1567; d. at Rome, 12 March, 1637

• Cornelius, Peter

  Fresco painter and illustrator (1783-1867)

• Cornelius, Pope

  Had to contend with the antipope Novatian. When persecution broke out, Cornelius was exiled, and he died a martyr in 253

• Cornely, Karl Josef Rudolph

  German biblical scholar and Jesuit, b. 19 April, 1830, at Breyell in Germany; d. at Treves, 3 March, 1908

• Corner Stone

  Rite regarding the blessing and laying of the Foundation Stone for the building of a church

• Cornet, Nicolas

  French theologian, born at Amiens, 1572; died at Paris, 1663

• Cornice

  The uppermost division of the entablature, the representative of the roof, of an order, consisting of projecting mouldings and blocks, usually divisible into bed-moulding, corona, and gutter

• Cornillon, Abbey of

  Founded by Albero, Bishop of Liege, in 1124, three years after St. Norbert had formed the Premonstratensian Order

• Cornoldi, Giovanni Maria

  Professor, author, and preacher, born at Venice, 29 Sept., 1822; d. at Rome, 18 Jan., 1892

• Coronado, Francisco Vasquez de

  Explorer, b. at Salamanca, Spain, 1500; d. in Mexico, 1553

• Coronation

  Discussed as (I) The Emperors at Constantinople; (II) Visigothic and Celtic Elements; (III) The English Coronation Orders; (IV) The Western Empire and the Roman Pontifical; and (V) Other Ceremonials

• Coronel, Gregorio Nuñez

  Theologian, writer, and preacher, b. in Portugal, about 1548; d. about 1620

• Coronel, Juan

  Franciscan sent to Yucatan, Mexico, in 1590, and there so familiarized himself with the Maya language that he was able to teach it, the historian Cogolludo being one of his pupils

• Corporal

  A square white linen cloth, now usually somewhat smaller than the breadth of an altar, upon which the Sacred Host and chalice are placed during the celebration of Mass

• Corporation

  An association recognized by civil law and regarded in all ordinary transactions as an individual. An artificial person

• Corporation Act of 1661

  Belongs to the general category of test acts, designed for the express purpose of restricting public offices to members of the Church of England

• Corpus Christi, Feast of

  This feast is celebrated in the Latin Church on the Thursday after Trinity Sunday to solemnly commemorate the institution of the Holy Eucharist

• Corpus Juris Canonici

  The term corpus here denotes a collection of documents; corpus juris, a collection of laws, especially if they are placed in systematic order

• Correction, Fraternal

  The admonishing of one's neighbor by a private individual with the purpose of reforming him or, if possible, preventing his sinful indulgence

• Correctories

  The text-forms of the Latin Vulgate resulting from the critical emendation as practised during the course of the thirteenth century

• Corrigan, Michael

  Third Archbishop of New York, b. 13 August, 1839, at Newark, New Jersey, d. at New York, 5 May, 1900

• Corrigan, Sir Dominic

  Physician, b. 1802, in Dublin, Ireland; d. there, 1880; distinguished for his original observations in heart disease, a special type of pulse being named after him

• Corsica

  The third island of the Mediterranean in point of size, only Sicily and Sardinia being of greater extent

• Cortese, Giovanni Andrea

  Cardinal and monastic reformer, b. 1483 at Modena; d. 21 Sept., 1548

• Cortés, Hernando

  Conqueror of Mexico, born at Medellin in Spain c. 1485; died at Castilleja de la Cuesta near Seville, 2 December, 1547

• Cortona

  Immediately subject to the Holy See

• Corvey, Abbey of

  Benedictine monastery in the Diocese of Paderborn, in Westphalia, founded c. 820

• Corycus

  A titular see of Cilicia Trachaea in Asia Minor

• Corydallus

  A titular see of Asia Minor

• Cosa, Juan de la

  Navigator and cartographer, according to tradition b. in 1460 at Sta. Maria del Puerto (Santona), on the Bay of Biscay, Spain, d. on the coast of the Gulf of Uraba, 28 February, 1510

• Cosenza

  An archdiocese immediately subject to the Holy See. A city in the province of Calabria, Southern Italy, at the confluence of the Crati and the Busento

• Cosgrove, Henry

  Second Bishop of Davenport, Iowa (1834-1906)

• Cosin, Edmund

  Vice-Chancellor of Cambridge University, England

• Cosmas

  Eighth century Byzantine hymn writer

• Cosmas and Damian, Saints

  Short hagiography of these twins, physicians, and martyrs. They died on 27 September, probably in the year 287

• Cosmas Indicopleustes

  A Greek traveller and geographer of the first half of the sixth century

• Cosmas of Prague

  Bohemian historian, b. about 1045, at Prague, Bohemia; d. there, 21 October, 1125

• Cosmati Mosaic

  A peculiar style of inlaid ornamental mosaic introduced into the decorative art of Europe during the twelfth century

• Cosmogony

  By this term is understood an account of how the universe (cosmos) came into being (gonia - gegona = I have become). It differs from cosmology, or the science of the universe, in this: that the latter aims at understanding the actual composition and governing laws of the universe as it now exists; while the former answers the question as to how it first came to be

• Cosmology

  In our day cosmology is a branch of philosophical study, and therefore excludes from its investigation whatever forms the object of the natural sciences

• Cossa, Francesco

  Italian painter of the school of Ferrara, b. about 1430; d. probably at Ferrara, 1485

• Costadoni, Giovanni Domenico

  Frequently known as Dom Anselmo, his name in religion, an Italian Camaldolese monk, historian, and theologian, b. 6 October, 1714, at Venice; d. 23 January, 1785, in the same city

• Costa, Lorenzo

  Ferrarese painter, b. at Ferrara in 1460; d. at Mantua in 1535

• Costa Rica

  A narrow isthmus between Panama in the east and the Republic of Nicaragua in the north, the Caribbean Sea on the north-east and the Pacific Ocean on the south-west

• Coster, Francis

  Theologian, born at Mechlin, 16 June, 1532 (1531); died at Brussels, 16 December, 1619

• Costume, Clerical

  In almost every country and every order of the clergy, the clothing has its own distinctive features

• Cosway, Maria

  Miniature-painter, born in Florence, Italy, 1759; died at Lodi, 5 January, 1535

• Cotelier, Jean-Baptiste

  Patristic scholar and theologian, born December, 1629, at Nimes; died 19 August, 1686

• Cotenna

  A titular see of Asia Minor

• Cotiæum

  A titular see of Asia Minor

• Coton, Pierre

  French Jesuit, born 7 March, 1564, at Neronde in Forez; died 19 March, 1626, at Paris

• Cotrone

  A suffragan diocese of Reggio

• Cottam, Blessed Thomas

  A convert to Catholicism, entered the Jesuit novitiate, was ordained a priest. Imprisoned and tortured for a year and a half, he died a martyr in 1582

• Coucy, Robert De

  A medieval French master-builder and son of a master-builder of the same name

• Coudert, Frederick René

  Born in New York, 1 March, 1832; died at Washington, D. C., 20 December, 1903

• Councils, Ecumenical

  Article looking at the definition, place in church governance and short historical sketches of each council until Vatican I

• Councils, Plenary

  A canonical term applied to various kinds of ecclesiastical synods.

• Counsels, Evangelical

  The difference between a precept and a counsel lies in this, that the precept is a matter of necessity while the counsel is left to the free choice of the person to whom it is proposed

• Counterpoint

  The term originated in the fourteenth century, though the art designated by it had been practiced for several centuries previous

• Counter-Reformation, The

  Denotes the period of Catholic revival from the pontificate of Pope Pius IV in 1560 to the close of the Thirty Years' War, 1648

• Courtenay, William

  Archbishop of Canterbury, born in the parish of St. Martin's, Exeter, England, c. 1342; died at Maidstone, 31 July, 1396

• Court (in Scripture)

  The word court, in the English Bible, corresponds to the Hebrew hacer enclosed space. Also, in the English Bible the word court is occasionally used to mean the retinue of a person of high rank and authority

• Courts, Ecclesiastical

  Legislative, judicial, and executive power to be exercised over the church, without any interference on the part of civil society

• Cousin, Germain, Saint

  Sickly, pious shepherdess, cruelly treated by her stepmother. St. Germaine died in 1601, at the age of 22

• Cousin, Jean

  French painter, sculptor, etcher, engraver, and geometrician, born at Soucy, near Sens, 1500; died at Sens before 1593, probably in 1590

• Coussemaker, Charles-Edmond-Henride

  French historian of music, b. at Bailleul, department of Nord, France, 19 April, 1805; d. at Lille, 10 January, 1876

• Coustant, Pierre

  Benedictine of the Congregation of Saint-Maur, b. at Compiegne, France, 30 April, 1654; d. at the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Pres, near Paris, 18 October, 1721

• Coustou, Nicholas

  French sculptor, b. at Lyons, 9 January, 1658; d. at Paris, 1 May, 1733

• Coutances

  The Diocese comprises the entire department of La Manche and is a suffragan of the Archbishopric of Rouen

• Couturier, Louis-Charles

  Abbot of the Benedictine monastery of Saint-Pierre at Solesmes and President of the French Congregation of Benedictines (1817-1890)

• Covarruvias, Diego

  Born in Toledo, Spain, 25 July, 1512; died in Madrid, 27 Sept., 1577

• Covenanters

  The name given to the subscribers (practically the whole Scottish nation) of the two Covenants, the National Covenant of 1638 and the Solemn League and Covenant of 1643

• Covetousness

  Generally, an unreasonable desire for what we do not possess

• Covington

  Comprises that part of Kentucky, U. S. A., lying east of the Kentucky River, and of the western limits of Carroll, Owen, Franklin, Woodford, Jessamine, Garrard, Rockcastle, Laurel, and Whitley Counties

• Cowl

  A hood worn in many religious orders

• Coxcie, Michiel

  Flemish painter, imitator of Raphael, known as the Flemish Raphael; b. at Mechlin, 1499; d. there 1592

• Coysevox, Charles-Antoine

  French sculptor, b. at Lyons, 29 Sept., 1640; d. at Paris, 10 Oct., 1720

• Cozza, Lorenzo

  Friar Minor, cardinal, and theologian, b. at San Lorenzo near Bolsena, 31 March, 1654; d. at Rome, 18 January, 1729

• Cozza-Luzi, Giuseppe

  Italian savant, Abbot of the Basilian monastery of Grottaferrata near Rome; b. 24 Dec., 1837, at Bolsena in the Province of Rome: d. there 1 June, 1905

• Cracow

  The Prince-Bishopric that comprises the western portion of Galacia in Austria, and borders on the diocese of Kielce in Russian Poland, Breslau in Prussia, Tarnow in Galacia, and Zips in Hungary

• Cracow, The University of

  The first documentary evidence regarding the scheme that King Casimir the Great conceived of establishing a university dates from 1362. Urban V favored the plan, and King Casimir issued the charter of the university, 12 May, 1364

• Craigie, Pearl Mary Teresa

  English novelist, dramatist, and convert; b. 3 November, 1867; d. 13 August, 1906

• Crashaw, Richard

  Biographical article on the poet

• Crasset, Jean

  Ascetical writer, b. at Dieppe, France, 3 January, 1618; d. at Paris, 4 January, 1692

• Craven, Augustus, Mrs.

  Writer, born 12 April, 1808, in London; died in Paris, 1 April, 1891

• Crawford, Francis Marion

  Novelist (1854-1909)

• Crayer, Gaspar de

  Flemish painter, b. at Antwerp, 1582; d. at Ghent, 1669

• Creagh, Richard

  Archbishop of Armagh, Ireland, b. at Limerick early in the sixteenth century; d. in the Tower of London, in 1585

• Creation

  Like other words of the same ending, the term creation signifies both an action and the object or effect thereof. Thus, in the latter sense, we speak of the 'kingdoms of creation', 'the whole creation', and so on

• Creationism

  (1) In the widest sense, the doctrine that the material of the universe was created by God out of no pre-existing subject (2) Less widely, the doctrine that the various species of living beings were immediately and directly created or produced by God, and are not therefore the product of an evolutionary process

• Creation, Six Days of

  Signifies a term of six days, or, technically, the history of the six days' work of creation, as contained in the first chapter of Genesis

• Credence

  A small table of wood, marble, or other suitable material placed within the sanctuary of a church and near the wall at the Epistle side, for the purpose of holding the cruets, acolytes' candles, and other utensils required for the celebration of the Holy Sacrifice

• Credi, Lorenzo di

  Florentine painter, b. at Florence, 1459; d. there, 1537

• Cree

  The largest and most important Indian tribe of Canada, and one of the largest north of Mexico

• Creed

  In general, a form of belief

• Creed, Liturgical Use of

  The public use of creeds began in connection with baptism, in the Traditio and Redditio symboli, as a preparation for that sacrament, and in the preliminary interrogations

• Creed, Nicene

  The profession of the Christian Faith common to the Catholic Church, to all the Eastern Churches separated from Rome, and to most of the Protestant denominations.

• Creeks

  An important confederacy of Indian tribes and tribal remnants, chiefly of Muskogian stock, formerly holding the greater portion of Central and Southern Georgia and Alabama

• Creighton University

  An institution located at Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.A., and conducted by the Jesuit Fathers

• Crelier, Henri-Joseph

  Swiss Catholic priest (1816-1889)

• Crema, Diocese of

  Suffragan to Milan

• Cremation

  The custom of burning the bodies of the dead

• Cremona

  Suffragan of Milan

• Crépieul, François

  Jesuit missionary in Canada and vicar Apostolic for the Montagnais Indians; b. at Arras, France, 16 March, 1638; d. at Quebec in 1702

• Crescens

  A companion of St. Paul during his second Roman captivity, appears but once in the New Testament, when he is mentioned as having left the Apostle to go into Galatia

• Crescentia, Modestus, and Vitus, Saints

  According to the legend, martyrs under Diocletian

• Crescentius

  The name of several leaders of the Roman aristocracy in the tenth century, during their opposition to the imperial government of the time

• Crescimbeni, Giovanni Mario

  Italian historian of literature, chronicler, and poet, b. in Macerata, 9 Oct., 1663; d. 8 March 1728

• Cresconius

  A Latin canonist of uncertain date and place, flourished probably in the latter half of the seventh century, though it may have been at the end of the sixth or even in the eighth century

• Cressy, Hugh Paulinus Serenus

  Doctor of Theology and English Benedictine monk, b. at Thorpe-Salvin, Yorkshire, about 1605; d. at East Grinstead, Sussex, 10 August, 1674

• Creswell, Joseph

  Controversialist, b. 1577 of Yorkshire stock in London; d. about 1623

• Crétineau-Joly, Jacques

  Journalist and historian; b. at Fontenay-le-Comte, Vendee, France, 23 Sept., 1803; d. at Vincennes near Paris, 1 Jan., 1875

• Crétin, Joseph

  First Bishop of St. Paul, Minnesota, U.S.A (1799-1857)

• Crèvecoeur, Hector St. John de

  French agriculturist, b. at Caen, France, 1731; d. at Sarcelles, near Paris, 1813

• Crib

  The crib or manger in which the Infant Saviour was laid after his birth is properly that place in the stable or khan where food for domestic animals is put, formed probably of the same material out of which the grotto itself is hewn

• Crime, Impediment of

  Nullifies marriage according to ecclesiastical law, and arises from adultery and homicide separately or together

• Crisium

  A Graeco-Slavonic Rite diocese in Croatia

• Crispin and Crispinian, Saints

  Martyrs of the Diocletian persecution, d. 285 or 286

• Crispina, Saint

  African matron, martyred in Numidia in 304

• Crispin, Milo

  Monk, and cantor of the Benedictine Abbey of Bec, wrote the lives of five of its abbots: Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury, Gulielmus de Bellomonte, Boso, Theobaldus, and Letardus

• Crispin of Viterbo, Blessed

  Capuchin lay brother, d. 1750

• Criticism, Higher

  Biblical criticism in its fullest comprehension is the examination of the literary origins and historical values of the books composing the Bible, with the state in which these exist at the present day

• Criticism, Historical

  The art of distinguishing the true from the false concerning facts of the past

• Criticism, Textual

  The object of textual criticism is to restore as nearly as possible the original text of a work the autograph of which has been lost

• Crivelli, Carlo

  Italian painter. Little is known of his life, and his b. and d. are usually reckoned by his earliest and latest signed pictures, 1468-93

• Croagh Patrick

  A mountain looking out on the Atlantic ocean from the southern shore of Clew Bay, in the County Mayo, and called 'the Sinai of Ireland.'

• Croatia

  Includes history, education, and religion

• Croce, Giovanni

  Composer, b. at Chioggia near Venice in 1557; d. 15 May, 1609

• Crockett, Venerable Ralph

  English priest, martyred in 1588

• Croia

  A titular see of Albania

• Croke, Thomas William

  Archbishop of Cashel, Ireland, b. near Mallow, Co. Cork, 24 May, 1824; d. at Thurles, 22 July, 1902

• Crolly, William

  Archbishop of Armagh, b. at Ballykilbeg, near Downpatrick, 8 June, 1780; d. 6 April, 1849

• Cronan

  There are several Irish saints of this name. Brief biographies of some of them

• Crosiers, The

  A religious order, founded by Theodore de Celles, who, after following the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa on the Crusade, obtained a canonry in the Cathedral of St. Lambert of Liege

• Cross and Crucifix in Archæology

  The sign of the cross, represented in its simplest form by a crossing of two lines at right angles, greatly antedates, in both the East and the West, the introduction of Christianity

• Cross and Crucifix in Liturgy

  Information on the history and uses

• Cross-Bearer

  The cleric or minister who carries the processional cross, that is, a crucifix provided with a long staff or handle

• Cross, Daughters of the

  Belgian religious congregation

• Cross, Daughters of the

  The aim of this congregation is to instruct poor country girls, to provide refuges for the young exposed to temptation, to prepare the sick for death, and to care for churches

• Cross, Daughters of the Holy

  The first steps towards the foundation of this society were taken in 1625 at Roy, Picardy, by Pere Pierre Guerin, Francoise Unalet, and Marie Fannier to provide for the Christian education of girls

• Cross of Jesus, Brothers of the

  A congregation founded in 1820 at Lyons, France, by Father C.M. Bochard, Doctor of the Sorbonne, Vicar-General of the Diocese of Lyons

• Cross, Sign of the

  A term applied to various manual acts, liturgical or devotional in character, which have this at least in common: that by the gesture of tracing two lines intersecting at right angles they indicate symbolically the figure of Christ's cross

• Cross, The True

  (1) Growth of the Christian Cult; (2) Catholic Doctrine on the Veneration of the Cross; (3) Relics of the True Cross; (4) Principal Feasts of the Cross

• Crotus, Johann

  German Humanist, b. at Dornheim, in Thuringia, c. 1480; d. probably at Halle, c. 1539

• Crown, Franciscan

  Also known as the Seraphic Rosary. Brief history, general description of how one prays this chaplet

• Crown of Thorns

  Mentioned by three Evangelists and is often alluded to by the early Christian Fathers, such as Clement of Alexandria, Origen, and others, but there are comparatively few writers of the first six centuries who speak of it as a relic known to be still in existence

• Crown of Thorns, Feast of the

  First instituted at Paris in 1239

• Croyland, Abbey of

  A monastery of the Benedictine Order in Lincolnshire

• Cruet

  A small vessel used for containing the wine and water required for the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass

• Crusade, Bull of the

  A Bull granting indulgences to those who took part in the wars against the infidels

• Crusades

  Expeditions undertaken, in fulfilment of a solemn vow, to deliver the Holy Places from Mohammedan tyranny.

• Crutched Friars

  An order of mendicant friars who went to England in the thirteenth century from Italy

• Cruz, Ramón de la

  Poet, b. at Madrid, Spain, 28 March, 1731; d. in the same city, 4 November, 1795

• Crypt

  The word originally meant a hidden place, natural or artificial, suitable for the concealment of persons or things

• Csanád

  The Diocese includes the counties of Temes, Torontal, Krasso-Szoereny, Arad, Csanad, and a part of Csongrad and Bekes, Hungary

• Cuba

  The largest and westernmost island of the West Indies

• Cuenca

  Diocese in Ecuador

• Cuenca

  Diocese in Spain

• Cuernavaca

  Erected 23 June, 1891, comprises all the State of Morelos in the Republic of Mexico, and is bounded on the north and the west by the Archdiocese of Mexico, on the east by the Archdiocese of Puebla, and on the south by the Bishopric of Chilapa

• Cueva, Juan de la

  Spanish poet and dramatist (1550-1607)

• Culdees

  In the Irish language the word was written Ceile-De, meaning companion, or even spouse, of God, with the Latin equivalent in the plural, Colidei, anglicized into Culdees; in Scotland it was often written Kelidei

• Cullen, Paul

  Cardinal, Archbishop of Dublin, born at Prospect, Co. Kildare, Ireland, 29 April, 1803; died at Dublin, 24 October, 1878

• Culm

  A bishopric in the north-eastern part of Prussia, founded in 1234, suffragan to Gnessen

• Cult, Disparity of

  A diriment impediment introduced by the Church to safeguard the sanctity of the Sacrament of Marriage

• Cummings, Jeremiah Williams

  Publicist, b. in Washington, U.S.A., April, 1814; d. at New York, 4 January, 1866

• Cuncolim, Martyrs of

  On Monday, 25 July, 1583 (N.S.), the village of Cuncolim in the district of Salcete, territory of Goa, India, was the scene of the martyrdom of five religious of the Society of Jesus: Fathers Rudolph Acquaviva, Alphonsus Pacheco, Peter Berno, and Anthony Francis, also Francis Aranha, lay brother

• Cunegundes, Blessed

  A niece of St. Elizabeth of Hungary. Cunegundes married Boleslaus, Duke of Cracow, later King of Poland. Once widowed, she became a Poor Clare. She died in 1292

• Cuneo, Diocese of

  Suffragan to Turin

• Cuoq, André-Jean

  Philologist, b. at Le Puy, France, 1821; d. at Oka near Montreal, 1898

• Cupola

  A spherical ceiling, or a bowl-shaped vault, rising like an inverted cup over a circular, square, or multangular building or any part of it

• Cura Animarum

  Technically, the exercise of a clerical office involving the instruction, by sermons and admonitions, and the sanctification, through the sacraments, of the faithful in a determined district, by a person legitimately a ppointed for the purpose

• Curaçao

  Vicariate apostolic; includes the islands of the Dutch West Indies: Curacao, Bonaire, and Aruba; Saba, St. Eustatius, and the Dutch part of St. Martin (Leeward Islands)

• Curate

  Literally, one who has the cure (care) or charge of souls, in which sense it is yet used by the Church of England, 'All Bishops and Curates'

• Curator

  A person legally appointed to administer the property of another, who is unable to undertake its management himself, owing to age or physical incompetence, bodily or mental

• Curé d'Ars

  The Cure of Ars, d. 1869

• Curia, Roman

  Strictly speaking, the ensemble of departments or ministries which assist the sovereign pontiff in the government of the Universal Church

• Curityba do Parana

  Diocese, suffragan of Sao Sebastiao (Rio de Janeiro), Brazil

• Curium

  A titular see of Cyprus, suppressed in 1222 by the papal legate, Pelagius

• Curley, James

  Irish-American astronomer (1796-1889)

• Curr, Joseph

  English priest (d. 1847)

• Curry, John

  Irish historian and physcician (d. 1780)

• Cursing

  In its popular acceptation cursing is often confounded, especially in the phrase 'cursing and swearing', with the use of profane and insulting language; in canon law it sometimes signifies the ban of excommunication pronounced by the Church

• Cursores Apostolici

  The Latin title of the ecclesiastical heralds or pursuivants pertaining to the papal court

• Cursor Mundi

  A Middle-English poem of nearly 30,000 lines containing a sort of summary of universal history

• Curubis

  A titular see of Africa Proconsularis

• Cusæ

  A titular see of Egypt

• Cush

  Cush, like the other names of the ethnological table of Genesis, x, is the name of a race, but it has generally been understood to designate also an individual, the progenitor of the nations and tribes known in the ancient world as Cushites

• Cuspinian, Johannes

  Distinguished humanist and statesman, born at Schweinfurt, Lower Franconia, in 1473; died at Vienna, 19 April, 1529

• Custom (in Canon Law)

  An unwritten law introduced by the continuous acts of the faithful with the consent of the legitimate legislator

• Custos

  1) An under-sacristan (2) A superior or an official in the Franciscan order

• Cuthbert

  Abbot of Wearmouth; a pupil of the Venerable Bede (d. 735)

• Cuthbert

  Archbishop of Canterbury

• Cuthbert, Saint

  Biography of this soldier, monk, bishop of Lindisfarne, hermit

• Cuyabá

  Diocese; suffragan of Sao Sebastiao (Rio de Janeiro), Brazil

• Cuyo, Virgin of

  According to V. Gambon this statue is probably the one which, together with the church in which it stood, was given to the Franciscans when the Jesuits were expelled (1767) from the country by Charles III

• Cuzco, Diocese of

  Suffragan of Lima, Peru

• Cybistra

  A titular see of Cappadocia in Asia Minor

• Cyclades

  A group of islands in the Aegean Sea

• Cydonia

  A titular see of Crete

• Cyme

  A titular see of Asia Minor

• Cynewulf

  That certain Anglo-Saxon poems still extant were written by one Cynewulf is beyond dispute, for the author has signed his name in them by spelling it out in runic letters which may be so read as to make sense in the context of the poem. It is, however, quite uncertain who this Cynewulf was

• Cynic School of Philosophy

  Founded at Athens about 400 B.C., continued in existence until about 200 B.C. It sprang from the ethical doctrine of Socrates regarding the necessity of moderation and self-denial

• Cyprian and Justina, Saints

  Christians of Antioch martyred at Nicomedia, 26 September, 304. Already in the same century, quite a colorful legend arose about them

• Cyprian of Carthage, Saint

  Long article on this bishop and martyr

• Cyprian of Toulon, Saint

  Bishop of Toulon, student and biographer of St. Caesarius of Arles. Cyprian died in 546

• Cyprus

  An island in the Eastern Mediterranean, at the entrance of the Gulf of Alexandretta

• Cyrenaic School of Philosophy

  Overview of this strain of classical thought, by William Turner

• Cyrene

  A titular see of Northern Africa

• Cyril and Methodius, Saints

  Also called Constantine and Methodius. Biography of these ninth-century brothers, Apostles of the Slavs

• Cyril of Alexandria, Saint

  Article on this Doctor of the Church, and anti-Nestorian theologian

• Cyril of Constantinople, Saint

  Father General of the Carmelites, had a reputation for prophecy, d. about 1235

• Cyril of Jerusalem, Saint

  Bishop, Doctor of the Church, d. 386

• Cyrrhus

  A titular see of Syria

• Cyrus and John, Saints

  Companions in life and in martyrdom. Beheaded in the Diocletian persecution

• Cyrus of Alexandria

  Melchite patriarch of that see in the seventh century, and one of the authors of Monothelism; d. about 641

• Cyzicus

  A titular see of Asia Minor, metropolitan of the ancient ecclesiastical province of Hellespontus

• Czech Literature

  The evolution of Czech literature dates back to 863, when Moravia and Bohemia, through the efforts of Sts. Cyril and Methodius, the apostles of these two countries, were converted to Christianity and thus became participants in the great work of civilization